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Yang ML, Hu CY, Lee YC, Chang CC, Chen YC, Lee PR, Su BH, Chen PC, Shiau AL, Shieh GS, Wu CL, Wu P. Syngeneic mesenchymal stem cells loaded with telomerase-dependent oncolytic adenoviruses enhance anti-metastatic efficacy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024; 13:738-749. [PMID: 38864209 PMCID: PMC11328937 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for cancer therapy. However, systemic delivery of the viruses to metastatic tumors remains a major challenge. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess tumor tropism property and can be used as cellular vehicles for delivering oncolytic adenoviruses to tumor sites. Since telomerase activity is found in ~90% of human carcinomas, but undetected in normal adult cells, the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (TERT) promoter can be exploited for regulating the replication of oncolytic adenoviruses. Here, we evaluated the antitumor effects of syngeneic murine MSCs loaded with the luciferase-expressing, telomerase-dependent oncolytic adenovirus Ad.GS2 (MSC-Ad.GS2) and Ad.GS2 alone on metastatic MBT-2 bladder tumors. MSCs supported a low degree of Ad.GS2 replication, which could be augmented by coculture with MBT-2 cells or tumor-conditioned medium (TCM), suggesting that viral replication is increased when MSC-Ad.GS2 migrates to tumor sites. MBT-2 cells and TCM enhanced viral replication in Ad.GS2-infected MSCs. SDF-1 is a stem cell homing factor. Our results suggest that the SDF-1/STAT3/TERT signaling axis in MSCs in response to the tumor microenvironment may contribute to the enhanced replication of Ad.GS2 carried by MSCs. Notably, we demonstrate the potent therapeutic efficacy of systemically delivered MSC-Ad.GS2 in pleural disseminated tumor and experimental metastasis models using intrapleural and tail vein injection of MBT-2 cells, respectively. Treatment with MSC-Ad.GS2 significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged the survival of mice bearing metastatic bladder tumors. Since telomerase is expressed in a broad spectrum of cancers, this therapeutic strategy may be broadly applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yuan Hu
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Che Lee
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ching Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ru Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hua Su
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Che Chen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Li Shiau
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Gia-Shing Shieh
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Tainan Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pensee Wu
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of North Midlands, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
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2
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Taheri M, Tehrani HA, Dehghani S, Alibolandi M, Arefian E, Ramezani M. Nanotechnology and bioengineering approaches to improve the potency of mesenchymal stem cell as an off-the-shelf versatile tumor delivery vehicle. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1596-1661. [PMID: 38299924 DOI: 10.1002/med.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Targeting actionable mutations in oncogene-driven cancers and the evolution of immuno-oncology are the two prominent revolutions that have influenced cancer treatment paradigms and caused the emergence of precision oncology. However, intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity are the main challenges in both fields of precision cancer treatment. In other words, finding a universal marker or pathway in patients suffering from a particular type of cancer is challenging. Therefore, targeting a single hallmark or pathway with a single targeted therapeutic will not be efficient for fighting against tumor heterogeneity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess favorable characteristics for cellular therapy, including their hypoimmune nature, inherent tumor-tropism property, straightforward isolation, and multilineage differentiation potential. MSCs can be loaded with various chemotherapeutics and oncolytic viruses. The combination of these intrinsic features with the possibility of genetic manipulation makes them a versatile tumor delivery vehicle that can be used for in vivo selective tumor delivery of various chemotherapeutic and biological therapeutics. MSCs can be used as biofactory for the local production of chemical or biological anticancer agents at the tumor site. MSC-mediated immunotherapy could facilitate the sustained release of immunotherapeutic agents specifically at the tumor site, and allow for the achievement of therapeutic concentrations without the need for repetitive systemic administration of high therapeutic doses. Despite the enthusiasm evoked by preclinical studies that used MSC in various cancer therapy approaches, the translation of MSCs into clinical applications has faced serious challenges. This manuscript, with a critical viewpoint, reviewed the preclinical and clinical studies that have evaluated MSCs as a selective tumor delivery tool in various cancer therapy approaches, including gene therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Then, the novel nanotechnology and bioengineering approaches that can improve the potency of MSC for tumor targeting and overcoming challenges related to their low localization at the tumor sites are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Taheri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Abdul Tehrani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Dehghani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Gil-Chinchilla JI, Zapata AG, Moraleda JM, García-Bernal D. Bioengineered Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Anti-Cancer Therapy: Current Trends and Future Prospects. Biomolecules 2024; 14:734. [PMID: 39062449 PMCID: PMC11275142 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are one of the most widely used cell types in advanced therapies due to their therapeutic potential in the regulation of tissue repair and homeostasis, and immune modulation. However, their use in cancer therapy is controversial: they can inhibit cancer cell proliferation, but also potentially promote tumour growth by supporting angiogenesis, modulation of the immune milieu and increasing cancer stem cell invasiveness. This opposite behaviour highlights the need for careful and nuanced use of MSCs in cancer treatment. To optimize their anti-cancer effects, diverse strategies have bioengineered MSCs to enhance their tumour targeting and therapeutic properties or to deliver anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we highlight the advanced uses of MSCs in cancer therapy, particularly as carriers of targeted treatments due to their natural tumour-homing capabilities. We also discuss the potential of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles to improve the efficiency of drug or molecule delivery to cancer cells. Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the therapeutic potential of these cells and setting the stage for future advances in MSC-based cancer treatment. It is critical to identify the broad and potent applications of bioengineered MSCs in solid tumour targeting and anti-cancer agent delivery to position them as effective therapeutics in the evolving field of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús I. Gil-Chinchilla
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Agustín G. Zapata
- Department of Cell Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jose M. Moraleda
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
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4
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Nia GE, Nikpayam E, Farrokhi M, Bolhassani A, Meuwissen R. Advances in cell-based delivery of oncolytic viruses as therapy for lung cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200788. [PMID: 38596310 PMCID: PMC10976516 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer's intractability is enhanced by its frequent resistance to (chemo)therapy and often high relapse rates that make it the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Improvement of therapy efficacy is a crucial issue that might lead to a significant advance in the treatment of lung cancer. Oncolytic viruses are desirable combination partners in the developing field of cancer immunotherapy due to their direct cytotoxic effects and ability to elicit an immune response. Systemic oncolytic virus administration through intravenous injection should ideally lead to the highest efficacy in oncolytic activity. However, this is often hampered by the prevalence of host-specific, anti-viral immune responses. One way to achieve more efficient systemic oncolytic virus delivery is through better protection against neutralization by several components of the host immune system. Carrier cells, which can even have innate tumor tropism, have shown their appropriateness as effective vehicles for systemic oncolytic virus infection through circumventing restrictive features of the immune system and can warrant oncolytic virus delivery to tumors. In this overview, we summarize promising results from studies in which carrier cells have shown their usefulness for improved systemic oncolytic virus delivery and better oncolytic virus therapy against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giti Esmail Nia
- Faculty of Allied Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elahe Nikpayam
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ralph Meuwissen
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
- Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center (EgeSAM), Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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5
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Ghorbani Alvanegh A, Mirzaei Nodooshan M, Dorostkar R, Ranjbar R, Jalali Kondori B, Shahriary A, Parastouei K, Vazifedust S, Afrasiab E, Esmaeili Gouvarchinghaleh H. Antiproliferative effects of mesenchymal stem cells carrying Newcastle disease virus and Lactobacillus Casei extract on CT26 Cell line: synergistic effects in cancer therapy. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:46. [PMID: 37525229 PMCID: PMC10391864 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a frequent malignancy with a high mortality rate. Specific inherited and environmental influences can affect CRC. Oncolytic viruses and bacteria in treating CRC are one of the innovative therapeutic options. This study aims to determine whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) infected with the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in combination with Lactobacillus casei extract (L. casei) have a synergistic effects on CRC cell line growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS MSCs taken from the bone marrow of BALB/c mice and were infected with the 20 MOI of NDV. Then, using the CT26 cell line in various groups as a single and combined treatment, the anticancer potential of MSCs containing the NDV and L. casei extract was examined. The evaluations considered the CT26 survival and the rate at which LDH, ROS, and levels of caspases eight and nine were produced following various treatments. RESULTS NDV, MSCs-NDV, and L. casei in alone or combined treatment significantly increased apoptosis percent, LDH, and ROS production compared with the control group (P˂0.05). Also, NDV, in free or capsulated in MSCs, had anticancer effects, but in capsulated form, it had a delay compared with free NDV. The findings proved that L. casei primarily stimulates the extrinsic pathway, while NDV therapy promotes apoptosis through the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that MSCs carrying oncolytic NDV in combination with L. casei extract as a potentially effective strategy for cancer immunotherapy by promoting the generation of LDH, ROS, and apoptosis in the microenvironment of the CT26 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruhollah Dorostkar
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Jalali Kondori
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Vazifedust
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Afrasiab
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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6
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Wu YY, Sun TK, Chen MS, Munir M, Liu HJ. Oncolytic viruses-modulated immunogenic cell death, apoptosis and autophagy linking to virotherapy and cancer immune response. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1142172. [PMID: 37009515 PMCID: PMC10050605 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1142172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have revealed that oncolytic viruses (OVs) play a significant role in cancer therapy. The infection of OVs such as oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), parvovirus, mammalian reovirus (MRV), human adenovirus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), avian reovirus (ARV), Orf virus (ORFV), inactivated Sendai virus (ISV), enterovirus, and coxsackievirus offer unique opportunities in immunotherapy through diverse and dynamic pathways. This mini-review focuses on the mechanisms of OVs-mediated virotherapy and their effects on immunogenic cell death (ICD), apoptosis, autophagy and regulation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Kai Sun
- Tsairder Boitechnology Co. Ltd., Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hung-Jen Liu,
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7
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Ghasemi Darestani N, Gilmanova AI, Al-Gazally ME, Zekiy AO, Ansari MJ, Zabibah RS, Jawad MA, Al-Shalah SAJ, Rizaev JA, Alnassar YS, Mohammed NM, Mustafa YF, Darvishi M, Akhavan-Sigari R. Mesenchymal stem cell-released oncolytic virus: an innovative strategy for cancer treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:43. [PMID: 36829187 PMCID: PMC9960453 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) infect, multiply, and finally remove tumor cells selectively, causing no damage to normal cells in the process. Because of their specific features, such as, the ability to induce immunogenic cell death and to contain curative transgenes in their genomes, OVs have attracted attention as candidates to be utilized in cooperation with immunotherapies for cancer treatment. This treatment takes advantage of most tumor cells' inherent tendency to be infected by certain OVs and both innate and adaptive immune responses are elicited by OV infection and oncolysis. OVs can also modulate tumor microenvironment and boost anti-tumor immune responses. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are gathering interest as promising anti-cancer treatments with the ability to address a wide range of cancers. MSCs exhibit tumor-trophic migration characteristics, allowing them to be used as delivery vehicles for successful, targeted treatment of isolated tumors and metastatic malignancies. Preclinical and clinical research were reviewed in this study to discuss using MSC-released OVs as a novel method for the treatment of cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna I Gilmanova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Angelina O Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | - Saif A J Al-Shalah
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Jasur Alimdjanovich Rizaev
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare Management, Rector, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | | | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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Nilson R, Krutzke L, Wienen F, Rojewski M, Zeplin PH, Funk W, Schrezenmeier H, Kochanek S, Kritzinger A. Evaluation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Carriers for the Delivery of Oncolytic HAdV-5 to Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Viruses 2023; 15:218. [PMID: 36680258 PMCID: PMC9864513 DOI: 10.3390/v15010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are of significant therapeutic interest due to their ability to deliver oncolytic adenoviruses to tumors. This approach is also investigated for targeting head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). HAdV-5-HexPos3, a recently reported capsid-modified vector based on human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-5), showed strongly improved infection of both hMSCs and the HNSCC cell line UM-SCC-11B. Given that, we generated life cycle-unmodified and -modified replication-competent HAdV-5-HexPos3 vector variants and analyzed their replication within bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived hMSCs. Efficient replication was detected for both life cycle-unmodified and -modified vectors. Moreover, we analyzed the migration of vector-carrying hMSCs toward different HNSCCs. Although migration of hMSCs to HNSCC cell lines was confirmed in vitro, no homing of hMSCs to HNSCC xenografts was observed in vivo in mice and in ovo in a chorioallantoic membrane model. Taken together, our data suggest that HAdV-5-HexPos3 is a potent candidate for hMSC-based oncolytic therapy of HNSCCs. However, it also emphasizes the importance of generating optimized in vivo models for the evaluation of hMSC as carrier cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nilson
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lea Krutzke
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frederik Wienen
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Rojewski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Philip Helge Zeplin
- Schlosspark Klinik Ludwigsburg, Privatklinik für Plastische und Ästhetische Chirurgie, 71638 Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | | | - Hubert Schrezenmeier
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Kochanek
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid Kritzinger
- Department of Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Nguyen DH, Herrmann T, Härtl B, Draganov D, Minev I, Neuharth F, Gomez A, Alamillo A, Schneider LE, Kleinholz D, Minev B, Santidrian AF. Development of Allogeneic Stem Cell-Based Platform for Delivery and Potentiation of Oncolytic Virotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246136. [PMID: 36551636 PMCID: PMC9777144 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the repurposing and optimization of the TK-positive (thymidine kinase) vaccinia virus strain ACAM1000/ACAM2000™ as an oncolytic virus. This virus strain has been widely used as a smallpox vaccine and was also used safely in our recent clinical trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). The vaccinia virus was amplified in CV1 cells and named CAL1. CAL1 induced remarkable oncolysis in various human and mouse cancer cells and preferentially amplified in cancer cells, supporting the use of this strain as an oncolytic virus. However, the therapeutic potential of CAL1, as demonstrated with other oncolytic viruses, is severely restricted by the patients' immune system. Thus, to develop a clinically relevant oncolytic virotherapy agent, we generated a new off-the-shelf therapeutic called Supernova1 (SNV1) by loading CAL1 virus into allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC). Culturing the CAL1-infected stem cells allows the expression of virally encoded proteins and viral amplification prior to cryopreservation. We found that the CAL1 virus loaded into AD-MSC was resistant to humoral inactivation. Importantly, the virus-loaded stem cells (SNV1) released larger number of infectious viral particles and virally encoded proteins, leading to augmented therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in animal tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Hoang Nguyen
- Calidi Biotherapeutics, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence: (D.H.N.); (A.F.S.); Tel.: +1-858-794-9600 (A.F.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Boris Minev
- Calidi Biotherapeutics, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Antonio F. Santidrian
- Calidi Biotherapeutics, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence: (D.H.N.); (A.F.S.); Tel.: +1-858-794-9600 (A.F.S.)
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10
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Safety and Efficacy of an Oncolytic Adenovirus as an Immunotherapy for Canine Cancer Patients. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070327. [PMID: 35878344 PMCID: PMC9316846 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The use of oncolytic virus is an innovative approach that has shown promising results as a treatment in oncology. Epithelial-derived tumors are the most frequent neoplasms in dogs, but gold standard therapies can be highly invasive procedures. Due to the accessible localization of these tumors, the intratumoral administration is feasible. Therefore, we propose to determine the safety and efficacy of intratumoral administration of oncolytic adenovirus ICOCAV15, in canine patients with epithelial-derived tumors. Eight dogs with carcinoma/adenocarcinoma were intratumorally treated with ICOCAV15. No clinically relevant changes were observed in the blood count, biochemistry and coagulation test analyzed during follow-up. The survival time of the 6/8 dogs exceeded the median survival time with chemotherapy, showing a partial response rate of 25% and 75% of stable disease. ICOCAV15 was detected in the target lesion by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Also, some of the non-treated metastasis showed an infiltration of ICOCAV15 by immunohistochemistry. The immune populations were evaluated, and an increase of CD8+, MAC387+, CD3+ and CD20+ cells was reported in some of the patients after the inoculation. These results show that intratumoral ICOCAV15 is safe and well tolerated by dogs. Also, they suggest ICOCAV15 could be a new tool in veterinary oncology for accessible carcinomas/adenocarcinomas. Abstract The use of oncolytic viruses is an innovative approach to lyse tumor cells and induce antitumor immune responses. Eight dogs diagnosed with carcinoma/adenocarcinoma were intratumorally treated with ICOCAV15, an oncolytic canine adenovirus (CAV). To evaluate the treatment’s safety, a blood count, biochemistry, and coagulation test were performed before treatment and during follow-up. Immune populations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Anti-adenovirus antibodies were also determined. The immune infiltration, vascularization, and viral presence in the tumor were determined by CD3, CD4, CD20, CD31 and CAV by immunohistochemistry. All the dogs maintained a good quality of life during follow-up, and some had increased median survival time when compared with dogs treated with chemotherapy. No treatment-related adverse effects were detected. The Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors criteria were also assessed: two patients showed a partial response and the rest showed stable disease at various times during the study. ICOCAV15 was detected inside the tumor during follow-up, and antiviral antibodies were detected in all patients. Furthermore, the tumor-infiltrating immune cells increased after viral administration. Therefore, we suggest that intratumorally administered ICOCAV15 could represent as a new tool for the treatment of canine carcinoma because it is safe, well-tolerated by dogs, and shows promising results.
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Tumor-Homing of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Infected with Oncolytic Virus in a Canine Patient. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060285. [PMID: 35737337 PMCID: PMC9228126 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous administration of oncolytic adenovirus (OAds) can be challenging, although various vehicles for the delivery of the virus to the tumor have been described. The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a virus vehicle has been reported in mouse models and canine and human patients, but the actual action mechanism has never been described in patients. It is of importance to determine whether MSCs infected with OAds can reach the tumor and release the virus in a clinical setting. For this purpose, GFP-labeled MSCs were infected with an OAd and inoculated into a companion dog diagnosed with spontaneous lung carcinoma. Forty-eight hours later, the tumor was excised and analyzed microscopically by flow cytometry for GFP fluorescence detection, and a cellular culture was established. Peripheral blood samples were taken to quantify the oncolytic adenovirus by qRT-PCR. Green fluorescence cells detected in the cellular culture by microscopy and flow cytometry revealed 0.69% GFP-positive cells in the tumor. OAd in peripheral blood was confirmed by qRT-PCR during follow-up. For the first time, the tumoral-homing capacity of OAds infected-MSC has been confirmed in a clinical setting, helping to explain the clinical response mechanism, whose efficacy was previously reported in canine and human patients.
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12
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Mesenchymal stem cells: A living carrier for active tumor-targeted delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114300. [PMID: 35447165 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The strategy of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a living carrier for active delivery of therapeutic agents targeting tumor sites has been attempted in a wide range of studies to validate the feasibility and efficacy for tumor treatment. This approach reveals powerful tumor targeting and tumor penetration. In addition, MSCs have been confirmed to actively participate in immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment. Thus, MSCs are not inert delivery vehicles but have a strong impact on the fate of tumor cells. In this review, these active properties of MSCs are addressed to highlight the advantages and challenges of using MSCs for tumor-targeted delivery. In addition, some of the latest examples of using MSCs to carry a variety of anti-tumor agents for tumor-targeted therapy are summarized. Recent technologies to improve the performance and safety of this delivery strategy will be introduced. The advances, applications, and challenges summarized in this review will provide a general understanding of this promising strategy for actively delivering drugs to tumor tissues.
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13
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Immunotherapy by mesenchymal stromal cell delivery of oncolytic viruses for treating metastatic tumors. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 25:78-97. [PMID: 35434272 PMCID: PMC8989711 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a very promising anti-cancer therapeutic strategy in the past decades. However, despite their pre-clinical promise, many OV clinical evaluations for cancer therapy have highlighted the continued need for their improved delivery and targeting. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as excellent candidate vehicles for the delivery of OVs due to their tumor-homing properties and low immunogenicity. MSCs can enhance OV delivery by protecting viruses from rapid clearance following administration and also by more efficiently targeting tumor sites, consequently augmenting the therapeutic potential of OVs. MSCs can function as “biological factories,” enabling OV amplification within these cells to promote tumor lysis following MSC-OV arrival at the tumor site. MSC-OVs can promote enhanced safety profiles and therapeutic effects relative to OVs alone. In this review we explore the general characteristics of MSCs as delivery tools for cancer therapeutic agents. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of OVs as immune therapeutics and highlight some of the promising applications stemming from combining MSCs to achieve enhanced delivery and anti-tumor effectiveness of OVs at different pre-clinical and clinical stages. We further provide potential pitfalls of the MSC-OV platform and the strategies under development for enhancing the efficacy of these emerging therapeutics.
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14
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Chen XT, Dai SY, Zhan Y, Yang R, Chen DQ, Li Y, Zhou EQ, Dong R. Progress of oncolytic virotherapy for neuroblastoma. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1055729. [PMID: 36467495 PMCID: PMC9716318 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1055729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a neuroendocrine tumor derived from the neural crest, neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. The prognosis in patients with low- and intermediate-risk NB is favorable while that in high-risk patients is often detrimental. However, the management of the considerably large proportion of high-risk patients remains challenging in clinical practice. Among various new approaches, oncolytic virus (OV) therapy offers great advantages in tumor treatment, especially for high-risk NB. Genetic modified OVs can target NB specifically without affecting normal tissue and avoid the widespread drug resistance issue in anticancer monotherapy. Meanwhile, its safety profile provides great potential in combination therapy with chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy. The therapeutic efficacy of OV for NB is impressive from bench to bedside. The effectiveness and safety of OVs have been demonstrated and reported in studies on children with NB. Furthermore, clinical trials on some OVs (Celyvir, Pexa-Vec (JX-594) and Seneca Valley Virus (NTX-010)) have reported great results. This review summarizes the latest evidence in the therapeutic application of OVs in NB, including those generated in cell lines, animal models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Yang Dai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Qian Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - En-Qing Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
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Ding L, Gao Q, Xu Z, Cai L, Chen S, Zhang X, Cao P, Chen G. An Inter-Supplementary Biohybrid System Based on Natural Killer Cells for the Combinational Immunotherapy and Virotherapy of Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103470. [PMID: 34747156 PMCID: PMC8805568 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads) have gained great attention in cancer therapy because they cause direct cytolytic infection and indirectly induce antitumor immunity. However, their efficacy is compromised by host antiviral immune response, poor tumor delivery, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, a natural killer (NK) cell-mediated Ad delivery system (Ad@NK) is generated by harnessing the merits of the two components for combinational immunotherapy and virotherapy of cancer. In this biohybrid system, NK cells with a tumor-homing tropism act as bioreactors and shelters for the loading, protection, replication, amplification, and release of Ads, thereby leading to a highly efficient systemic tumor-targeted delivery. As feedback, Ad infection offers NK cells an enhanced antitumor immunity by activating type I interferon signaling in a STAT4-granzyme B-dependent manner. Moreover, it is found that the Ad@NK system can relieve immunosuppression in the TME by promoting the maturation of dendritic cells and the polarization of macrophages to M1 phenotype. Both in vitro and in vivo data indicate the excellent antitumor and antimetastatic functions of Ad@NKs by destroying tumor cells, inducing immunogenic cell death, and immunomodulating TME. This work provides a clinical basis for improved oncolytic virotherapy in combination with NK cell therapy based on the inter-supplementary biohybrid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Gao
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Institute of Comparative MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Zhuobin Xu
- Institute of Translational MedicineMedical CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Cai
- Institute of Translational MedicineMedical CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Sujuan Chen
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Institute of Comparative MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineSchool of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsu210023P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Institute of Comparative MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
- Jiangsu Co‐innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and ZoonosesYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225009P. R. China
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Gonzalez-Pastor R, Hernandez Y, Gimeno M, de Martino A, Man YS, Hallden G, Quintanilla M, de la Fuente JM, Martin-Duque P. Coating an adenovirus with functionalized gold nanoparticles favors uptake, intracellular trafficking and anti-cancer therapeutic efficacy. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:593-604. [PMID: 34325075 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral (Ad) vectors have proven to be important tools for gene and cell therapy, although some issues still need to be addressed, such as undesired interactions with blood components and off-target sequestration that ultimately hamper efficacy. In the past years, several organic and inorganic materials have been developed to reduce immunogenicity and improve biodistribution of Ad vectors. Here we investigated the influence of the functionalization of 14 nm PEGylated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with quaternary ammonium groups and an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-motif on the uptake and biodistribution of Ad vectors. We report the formation of Ad@AuNPs complexes that promote cell attachment and uptake, independently of the presence of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins, significantly improving transduction without limiting Ad bioactivity. Besides, the presence of the RGD peptide favors tumor targeting and decreases Ad sequestration in the liver. Additionally, tumor delivery of a coated Ad vector expressing the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) by mesenchymal stem cells induces increased accumulation of radioactive iodine (131I) and tumor volume reduction compared to naked Ad-hNIS, highlighting the promising potential of our coating formulation in cancer gene therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Modification of adenoviral vectors with lipids and polymers can reduce interactions with blood components and increase tumor accumulation; however, increased toxicity and reduced transduction efficiency were indicated. Coating with gold nanoparticles has proven to be a successful strategy for increasing the efficiency of transduction of receptor-defective cell lines. Here we explore the contribution of cell surface receptors on the mechanisms of entry of Ad vectors coated with gold nanoparticles in cell lines with varying degrees of resistance to infection. The enhancement of the anti-tumoral effect shown in this work provides new evidence for the potential of our formulation.
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17
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Babaei A, Soleimanjahi H, Soleimani M, Arefian E. Mesenchymal stem cells loaded with oncolytic reovirus enhances antitumor activity in mice models of colorectal cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114644. [PMID: 34090878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are promising alternative biological agents for treating cancer. However, triggered immune responses against viruses and their delivery to tumor sites are their primary limitations in cancer therapy. To address these challenges, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can serve as permissive tools for OVs loading and delivery to tumor sites. Here, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antitumor capability of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) as a new vehicle for Dearing strain of reovirus (ReoT3D) loading. We first isolated and confirmed the purity of MSCs, and the optimized dose of ReoT3D for MSCs loading was computed by a standard assay. Next, we used murine CT26 cell line to establish the colorectal cancer model in BALB/c mice and demonstrated the antitumor effects of MSCs loaded with reovirus. Our results demonstrated that multiplicity of infection (MOI) 1 pfu/cells of reovirus was the safe dose for loading into purified MSCs. Moreover, our anticancer experiments exhibited that treatment with MSCs loaded with ReoT3D was more effective than ReoT3D and MSCs alone. Higher anticancer impact of MSCs loaded with OV was associated with induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrests, P53 expression in tumor sections, and reduced tumor growth and size. The present results suggest that MSCs as a permissive shuttle for oncolytic virus (OV) delivery increased the anticancer activity of ReoT3D in mice models of colorectal cancer and these findings should be supported by more preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abouzar Babaei
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoorieh Soleimanjahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Nano Medicine and Tissue Engineering Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Lv Q, Wang L, Luo X, Chen X. Adult stem cells in endometrial regeneration: Molecular insights and clinical applications. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:379-394. [PMID: 34014590 PMCID: PMC8362170 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial damage is an important cause of female reproductive problems, manifested as menstrual abnormalities, infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and other complications. These conditions are collectively termed "Asherman syndrome" (AS) and are typically associated with recurrent induced pregnancy terminations, repeated diagnostic curettage and intrauterine infections. Cancer treatment also has unexpected detrimental side effects on endometrial function in survivors independently of ovarian effects. Endometrial stem cells act in the regeneration of the endometrium and in repair through direct differentiation or paracrine effects. Nonendometrial adult stem cells, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, with autologous and allogenic applications, can also repair injured endometrial tissue in animal models of AS and in human studies. However, there remains a lack of research on the repair of the damaged endometrium after the reversal of tumors, especially endometrial cancers. Here, we review the biological mechanisms of endometrial regeneration, and research progress and challenges for adult stem cell therapy for damaged endometrium, and discuss the potential applications of their use for endometrial repair after cancer remission, especially in endometrial cancers. Successful application of such cells will improve reproductive parameters in patients with AS or cancer. Significance: The endometrium is the fertile ground for embryos, but damage to the endometrium will greatly impair female fertility. Adult stem cells combined with tissue engineering scaffold materials or not have made great progress in repairing the injured endometrium due to benign lesions. However, due to the lack of research on the repair of the damaged endometrium caused by malignant tumors or tumor therapies, the safety and effectiveness of such stem cell-based therapies need to be further explored. This review focuses on the molecular insights and clinical application potential of adult stem cells in endometrial regeneration and discusses the possible challenges or difficulties that need to be overcome in stem cell-based therapies for tumor survivors. The development of adult stem cell-related new programs will help repair damaged endometrium safely and effectively and meet fertility needs in tumor survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Lv
- Department of GynecologyObstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of GynecologyObstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuezhen Luo
- Department of GynecologyObstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of GynecologyObstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Saeedi M, Nezhad MS, Mehranfar F, Golpour M, Esakandari MA, Rashmeie Z, Ghorbani M, Nasimi F, Hoseinian SN. Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Key Features You Need to be Aware of. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:200-215. [PMID: 32895040 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200907121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), a form of adult stem cells, are known to have a selfrenewing property and the potential to specialize into a multitude of cells and tissues such as adipocytes, cartilage cells, and fibroblasts. MSCs can migrate and home to the desired target zone where inflammation is present. The unique characteristics of MSCs in repairing, differentiation, regeneration, and the high capacity of immune modulation have attracted tremendous attention for exerting them in clinical purposes, as they contribute to the tissue regeneration process and anti-tumor activity. The MSCs-based treatment has demonstrated remarkable applicability towards various diseases such as heart and bone malignancies, and cancer cells. Importantly, genetically engineered MSCs, as a stateof- the-art therapeutic approach, could address some clinical hurdles by systemic secretion of cytokines and other agents with a short half-life and high toxicity. Therefore, understanding the biological aspects and the characteristics of MSCs is an imperative issue of concern. Herein, we provide an overview of the therapeutic application and the biological features of MSCs against different inflammatory diseases and cancer cells. We further shed light on MSCs' physiological interaction, such as migration, homing, and tissue repairing mechanisms in different healthy and inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saeedi
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Muhammad S Nezhad
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehranfar
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Golpour
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Sorkheh, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Esakandari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zahra Rashmeie
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghorbani
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nasimi
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Seyed N Hoseinian
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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20
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Heidbuechel JPW, Engeland CE. Oncolytic viruses encoding bispecific T cell engagers: a blueprint for emerging immunovirotherapies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:63. [PMID: 33863363 PMCID: PMC8052795 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) are an innovative class of immunotherapeutics that redirect T cells to tumor surface antigens. While efficacious against certain hematological malignancies, limited bioavailability and severe toxicities have so far hampered broader clinical application, especially against solid tumors. Another emerging cancer immunotherapy are oncolytic viruses (OVs) which selectively infect and replicate in malignant cells, thereby mediating tumor vaccination effects. These oncotropic viruses can serve as vectors for tumor-targeted immunomodulation and synergize with other immunotherapies. In this article, we discuss the use of OVs to overcome challenges in BiTE therapy. We review the current state of the field, covering published preclinical studies as well as ongoing clinical investigations. We systematically introduce OV-BiTE vector design and characteristics as well as evidence for immune-stimulating and anti-tumor effects. Moreover, we address additional combination regimens, including CAR T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and further strategies to modulate the tumor microenvironment using OV-BiTEs. The inherent complexity of these novel therapeutics highlights the importance of translational research including correlative studies in early-phase clinical trials. More broadly, OV-BiTEs can serve as a blueprint for diverse OV-based cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P W Heidbuechel
- Research Group Mechanisms of Oncolytic Immunotherapy, Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine E Engeland
- Research Group Mechanisms of Oncolytic Immunotherapy, Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Center for Biomedical Research and Education (ZBAF), School of Medicine, Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
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21
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Wu TM, Liu JB, Liu Y, Shi Y, Li W, Wang GR, Ma YS, Fu D. Power and Promise of Next-Generation Sequencing in Liquid Biopsies and Cancer Control. Cancer Control 2021; 27:1073274820934805. [PMID: 32806937 PMCID: PMC7791471 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820934805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional methods of cancer treatment are usually based on the morphological
and histological diagnosis of tumors, and they are not optimized according to
the specific situation. Precision medicine adjusts the existing treatment
regimen based on the patient’s genomic information to make it most suitable for
patients. Detection of genetic mutations in tumors is the basis of precise
cancer medicine. Through the analysis of genetic mutations in patients with
cancer, we can tailor the treatment plan for each patient with cancer to
maximize the curative effect, minimize damage to healthy tissues, and optimize
resources. In recent years, next-generation sequencing technology has developed
rapidly and has become the core technology of precise targeted therapy and
immunotherapy for cancer. From early cancer screening to treatment guidance for
patients with advanced cancer, liquid biopsy is increasingly used in cancer
management. This is as a result of the development of better noninvasive,
repeatable, sensitive, and accurate tools used in early screening, diagnosis,
evaluation, and monitoring of patients. Cell-free DNA, which is a new
noninvasive molecular pathological detection method, often carries
tumor-specific gene changes. It plays an important role in optimizing treatment
and evaluating the efficacy of different treatment options in clinical trials,
and it has broad clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Miao Wu
- Department of Radiology, 12485The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, 377323Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, 12571Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Chaha, China
| | - Yi Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, 12571Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Chaha, China
| | - Wen Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, 12571Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Chaha, China
| | - Gao-Ren Wang
- Cancer Institute, 377323Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yu-Shui Ma
- Cancer Institute, 377323Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China.,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, 12476Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Fu
- Department of Radiology, 12485The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, 12476Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Moreno R. Mesenchymal stem cells and oncolytic viruses: joining forces against cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001684. [PMID: 33558278 PMCID: PMC7871674 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of oncolytic viruses (OVs) has increased significantly in the past 20 years, with many candidates entering clinical trials and three of them receiving approval for some indications. Recently, OVs have also gathered interest as candidates to use in combination with immunotherapies for cancer due to their immunogenic properties, which include immunogenic cell death and the possibility to carry therapeutic transgenes in their genomes. OVs transform non-immunogenic 'cold' tumors into inflamed immunogenic 'hot' tumors, where immunotherapies show the highest efficacy. However, in monotherapy or in combination with immunotherapy, OVs face numerous challenges that limit their successful application, in particular upon systemic administration, such as liver sequestration, neutralizing interactions in blood, physical barriers to infection, and fast clearance by the immune system. In this regard, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as cells carrier for OV delivery addresses many of these obstacles acting as virus carriers and factories, expressing additional transgenes, and modulating the immune system. Here, I review the current progress of OVs-loaded MSCs in cancer, focusing on their interaction with the immune system, and discuss new strategies to improve their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Moreno
- Virotherapy and immunotherapy group, ProCURE Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Cancer Virotherapy group, Oncobell Program, Institutd'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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23
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Zhou YC, Zhang YN, Yang X, Wang SB, Hu PY. Delivery systems for enhancing oncolytic adenoviruses efficacy. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119971. [PMID: 33059014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus (OAds) has long been considered a promising biotherapeutic agent against various types of cancer owing to selectively replicate in and lyse cancer cells, while remaining dormant in healthy cells. In the last years, multiple (pre)clinical studies using genetic engineering technologies enhanced OAds anti-tumor effects in a broad range of cancers. However, poor targeting delivery, tropism toward healthy tissues, low-level expression of Ad receptors on tumor cells, and pre-existing neutralizing antibodies are major hurdles for systemic administration of OAds. Different vehicles have been developed for addressing these obstacles, such as stem cells, nanoparticles (NPs) and shielding polymers, extracellular vesicles (EVs), hydrogels, and microparticles (MPs). These carriers can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of OVs through enhancing transfection, circulatory longevity, cellular interactions, specific targeting, and immune responses against cancer. In this paper, we reviewed adenovirus structure and biology, different types of OAds, and the efficacy of different carriers in systemic administration of OAds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Zhou
- Gastroenterological & Pancreatic Surgery Department, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - You-Ni Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People's Hospital), Taizhou 317200, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shi-Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Pei-Yang Hu
- Department of Traumatology, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People's Hospital), Taizhou 317200, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: Developmental origin, tumorigenesis and translational cancer therapeutics. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100948. [PMID: 33190044 PMCID: PMC7672320 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While a large and growing body of research has demonstrated that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) play a dual role in tumor growth and inhibition, studies exploring the capability of MSCs to contribute to tumorigenesis are rare. MSCs are key players during tumorigenesis and cancer development, evident in their faculty to increase cancer stem cells (CSCs) population, to generate the precursors of certain forms of cancer (e.g. sarcoma), and to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition to create the CSC-like state. Indeed, the origin and localization of the native MSCs in their original tissues are not known. MSCs are identified in the primary tumor sites and the fetal and extraembryonic tissues. Acknowledging the developmental origin of MSCs and tissue-resident native MSCs is essential for better understanding of MSC contributions to the cellular origin of cancer. This review stresses that the plasticity of MSCs can therefore instigate further risk in select therapeutic strategies for some patients with certain forms of cancer. Towards this end, to explore the safe and effective MSC-based anti-cancer therapies requires a strong understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of MSC action, ultimately guiding new strategies for delivering treatment. While clinical trial efforts using MSC products are currently underway, this review also provides new insights on the underlying mechanisms of MSCs to tumorigenesis and focuses on the approaches to develop MSC-based anti-cancer therapeutic applications.
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25
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Villa N, Rahman MM, Mamola J, D’Isabella J, Goras E, Kilbourne J, Lowe K, Daggett-Vondras J, Torres L, Christie J, Appel N, Cox AL, Kim JB, McFadden G. Autologous Transplantation Using Donor Leukocytes Loaded Ex Vivo with Oncolytic Myxoma Virus Can Eliminate Residual Multiple Myeloma. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 18:171-188. [PMID: 32695875 PMCID: PMC7364119 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy of monoclonal plasma cells that remains incurable. Standard treatments for MM include myeloablative regimens and autologous cell transplantation for eligible patients. A major challenge of these treatments is the relapse of the disease due to residual MM in niches that become refractory to treatments. Therefore, novel therapies are needed in order to eliminate minimal residual disease (MRD). Recently, our laboratory reported that virotherapy with oncolytic myxoma virus (MYXV) improved MM-free survival in an allogeneic transplant mouse model. In this study, we demonstrate the capacity of donor autologous murine leukocytes, pre-armed with MYXV, to eliminate MRD in a BALB/c MM model. We report that MYXV-armed bone marrow (BM) carrier leukocytes are therapeutically superior to MYXV-armed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or free virus. Importantly, when cured survivor mice were re-challenged with fresh myeloma cells, they developed immunity to the same MM that had comprised MRD. In vivo imaging demonstrated that autologous carrier cells armed with MYXV were very efficient at delivery of MYXV into the recipient tumor microenvironment. Finally, we demonstrate that treatment with MYXV activates the secretion of pro-immune molecules from the tumor bed. These results highlight the utility of exploiting autologous leukocytes to enhance tumor delivery of MYXV to treat MRD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy.Y. Villa
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Masmudur M. Rahman
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Joseph. Mamola
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Julia D’Isabella
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Elizabeth Goras
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Kilbourne
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Kenneth Lowe
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Juliane Daggett-Vondras
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Lino Torres
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - John Christie
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Nicole Appel
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Anna L. Cox
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Jae B. Kim
- PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Grant McFadden
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy (CIVV), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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Song N, Scholtemeijer M, Shah K. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Immunomodulation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:653-664. [PMID: 32709406 PMCID: PMC7751844 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are emerging as the most promising means of allogeneic cell therapy. MSCs have inherent immunomodulatory characteristics, trophic activity, high invitro self-renewal ability, and can be readily engineered to enhance their immunomodulatory functions. MSCs affect the functions of most immune effector cells via direct contact with immune cells and local microenvironmental factors. Previous studies have confirmed that the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs are mainly communicated via MSC-secreted cytokines; however, apoptotic and metabolically inactivated MSCs have more recently been shown to possess immunomodulatory potential, in which regulatory T cells and monocytes play a key role. We review the immunomodulatory aspects of naïve and engineered MSCs, and discuss strategies for increasing the potential of successfully using MSCs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Martijn Scholtemeijer
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Cellular Virotherapy Increases Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) and Decreases their PD-1 + Subsets in Mouse Immunocompetent Models. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071920. [PMID: 32708639 PMCID: PMC7409201 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy uses viruses designed to selectively replicate in cancer cells. An alternative to intratumoral administration is to use mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to transport the oncolytic viruses to the tumor site. Following this strategy, our group has already applied this treatment to children and adults in a human clinical trial and a veterinary trial, with good clinical responses and excellent safety profiles. However, the development of immunocompetent cancer mouse models is still necessary for the study and improvement of oncolytic viroimmunotherapies. Here we have studied the antitumor efficacy, immune response, and mechanism of action of a complete murine version of our cellular virotherapy in mouse models of renal adenocarcinoma and melanoma. We used mouse MSCs infected with the mouse oncolytic adenovirus dlE102 (OAd-MSCs). In both models, treatment with OAd-MSCs significantly reduced tumor volumes by 50% and induced a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, treated mice harboring renal adenocarcinoma and melanoma tumors presented increased infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), natural killer cells, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Treated mice also presented lower percentage of TILs expressing programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-the major regulator of T cell exhaustion. In conclusion, treatment with OAd-MSCs significantly reduced tumor volume and induced changes in tumor-infiltrating populations of melanoma and renal cancer.
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28
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Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (cAdMSCs) as a "Trojan Horse" in Vaccinia Virus Mediated Oncolytic Therapy against Canine Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070750. [PMID: 32664672 PMCID: PMC7411685 DOI: 10.3390/v12070750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Several oncolytic viruses (OVs) including various human and canine adenoviruses, canine distemper virus, herpes-simplex virus, reovirus, and members of the poxvirus family, such as vaccinia virus and myxoma virus, have been successfully tested for canine cancer therapy in preclinical and clinical settings. The success of the cancer virotherapy is dependent on the ability of oncolytic viruses to overcome the attacks of the host immune system, to preferentially infect and lyse cancer cells, and to initiate tumor-specific immunity. To date, several different strategies have been developed to overcome the antiviral host defense barriers. In our study, we used canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAdMSCs) as a “Trojan horse” for the delivery of oncolytic vaccinia virus Copenhagen strain to achieve maximum oncolysis against canine soft tissue sarcoma (CSTS) tumors. A single systemic administration of vaccinia virus-loaded cAdMSCs was found to be safe and led to the significant reduction and substantial inhibition of tumor growth in a CSTS xenograft mouse model. This is the first example that vaccinia virus-loaded cAdMSCs could serve as a therapeutic agent against CSTS tumors.
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29
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Keshavarz M, Ebrahimzadeh MS, Miri SM, Dianat-Moghadam H, Ghorbanhosseini SS, Mohebbi SR, Keyvani H, Ghaemi A. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus delivered by Mesenchymal stem cells-engineered system enhances the therapeutic effects altering tumor microenvironment. Virol J 2020; 17:64. [PMID: 32370750 PMCID: PMC7201980 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancy remain a main cause of cancer in men and women. Cancer immunotherapy has represented great potential as a new promising cancer therapeutic approach. Here, we report Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a carrier for the delivery of oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) for the treatment of HPV-associated tumor. Methods For this purpose, MSCs obtained from the bone marrow of C57BL mice, then cultured and characterized subsequently by the flow cytometry analysis for the presence of cell surface markers. In this study, we sought out to determine the impacts of MSCs loaded with oncolytic NDV on splenic T cell and cytokine immune responses, caspase-3 and -9 expression, and myeloid and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) by histological and immunohistochemical studies in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Results Our findings proved that MSCs possess both migratory capacity and tumor tropism toward transplanted tumor tissue after peritumoral administration. Tumor therapy experiments indicated that oncolytic NDV delivered by MSCs-engineered system significantly reduces tumor growth, which is associated with the enhancement of E7-specific lymphocyte proliferation, CD8+ T cell cytolysis responses, and splenic IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-12 responses compared with control groups. Moreover, the treatment upregulated the concentration of apoptotic proteins (caspase 9) and increased infiltration of tumor microenvironment with CD11b + myeloid and Gr1 + MDSCs cells. Conclusions Our data suggest MSCs carrying oncolytic NDV as a potentially effective strategy for cancer immunotherapy through inducing splenic Th1 immune responses and apoptosis in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Keshavarz
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.,Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Barlabé P, Sostoa JD, Fajardo CA, Alemany R, Moreno R. Enhanced antitumor efficacy of an oncolytic adenovirus armed with an EGFR-targeted BiTE using menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells as carriers. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 27:383-388. [PMID: 31204390 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Poor tumor targeting of oncolytic adenoviruses (OAdv) after systemic administration is considered a major limitation for virotherapy of disseminated cancers. The benefit of using mesenchymal stem cells as cell carriers for OAdv tumor targeting is currently evaluated not only in preclinical models but also in clinical trials. In this context, we have previously demonstrated the enhanced antitumor efficacy of OAdv-loaded menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs). However, although significant, the antitumor efficacy obtained was modest, and we hypothesized that a greater antitumor efficacy could be obtained arming the OAdv with a therapeutic transgene. Here we show that combining MenSCs with ICOVIR15-cBiTE, an OAdv expressing an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting bispecific T-cell engager (cBiTE), enhances the antitumor efficacy compared to MenSCs loaded with the unarmed virus ICOVIR15. We found that MenSCs properly produce cBiTE after viral infection leading to a greater antitumor potency both in vitro and in vivo. These findings indicate the mutual benefit of combining MenSCs and armed OAdv and support the combination of ICOVIR15-cBiTE and MenSCs as a cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Barlabé
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, Oncobell and ProCure Programs, IDIBELL-Instituto Catalan d'Oncología, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jana de Sostoa
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, Oncobell and ProCure Programs, IDIBELL-Instituto Catalan d'Oncología, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Alberto Fajardo
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, Oncobell and ProCure Programs, IDIBELL-Instituto Catalan d'Oncología, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, Oncobell and ProCure Programs, IDIBELL-Instituto Catalan d'Oncología, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moreno
- Virotherapy and Gene therapy Group, Oncobell and ProCure Programs, IDIBELL-Instituto Catalan d'Oncología, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Babaei A, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Nezhadi A, Jamalpoor Z. In Vitro Anti-cancer Activity of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increased after Infection with Oncolytic Reovirus. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 11:361-370. [PMID: 33880359 PMCID: PMC8046384 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Reovirus type 3 Dearing (ReoT3D), a wild type oncolytic virus (OV) from the Reoviridae family, kills KRAS mutant cancer cells. However, the use of OVs has faced with some limitations such as immune responses, and delivery of OVs to the tumor sites in systemic therapy. To solve this, and also to increase the anti-cancer effects of these OVs, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) might be used as an effective vehicle for OVs delivery. In this study, we examined the anti-cancer effects of human adipose derived-MSCs (AD-MSCs) as a vehicle of ReoT3D against human glioblastoma cells. Methods: Here, AD-MSCs were characterized and toxicity of ReoT3D on them was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Then, capability of AD-MSCs for virus production was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and different in vitro anti-cancer experiments were applied for our anti-cancer purposes. Results: Our results from toxicity assay revealed that the isolated and provoked AD-MSCs were resistant to nontoxic concentration multiplicity of infection (MOI) >1 pfu/cells of ReoT3D. In addition, the results indicated that AD-MSCs were susceptible for virus life cycle complementation and were capable for production of virus progenies. Furthermore, our results showed that AD-MSCs had oncolysis effects and increased the anti-cancer effects of ReoT3D. Conclusion: AD-MSCs as a susceptible host for oncolytic reovirus could increase the anti-cancer activity of this OV against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abouzar Babaei
- Trauma Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Akram Nezhadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Jamalpoor
- Trauma Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen L, Qu J, Cheng T, Chen X, Xiang C. Menstrual blood-derived stem cells: toward therapeutic mechanisms, novel strategies, and future perspectives in the treatment of diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:406. [PMID: 31864423 PMCID: PMC6925480 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) have great potential in the treatment of various diseases. As a novel type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), MenSCs have attracted more interest due to their therapeutic effects in both animal models and clinical trials. Here, we described the differentiation, immunomodulation, paracrine, homing, and engraftment mechanisms of MenSCs. These include differentiation into targeting cells, immunomodulation with various immune cells, the paracrine effect on secreting cytokines, and homing and engraftment into injured sites. To better conduct MenSC-based therapy, some novel hotspots were proposed such as CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/cas9-mediated gene modification, exosomes for cell-free therapy, single-cell RNA sequence for precision medicine, engineered MenSC-based therapy for the delivery platform, and stem cell niches for improving microenvironment. Subsequently, current challenges were elaborated on, with regard to age of donor, dose of MenSCs, transplantation route, and monitoring time. The management of clinical research with respect to MenSC-based therapy in diseases will become more normative and strict. Thus, a more comprehensive horizon should be considered that includes a combination of traditional solutions and novel strategies. In summary, MenSC-based treatment has a great potential in treating diseases through diverse strategies, and more therapeutic mechanisms and novel strategies need to be elucidated for future regenerative medicine and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Jingjing Qu
- Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical, School of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianli Cheng
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical, School of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Manley H, Sprinks J, Breedon P. Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Women's Attitudes, Willingness, and Barriers to Donation of Menstrual Blood. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2019; 28:1688-1697. [PMID: 31397634 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2019.7745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Menstrual blood contains mesenchymal stem cells (MenSC), considered a potential "off-the-shelf" treatment for a range of diseases and medical conditions. Samples of menstrual blood can be collected painlessly, inexpensively, and as frequently as every month for cell therapy. While there has been considerable previous research into the clinical advantages of MenSC, there is currently little understanding of potential donors' attitudes regarding menstrual blood donation and MenSC. Methods: One hundred women 18 years of age or over were surveyed to understand attitudes and potential barriers to menstrual blood donation. The questionnaire assessed participant age and brief medical history (giving birth, donating blood, donating stem cells), menstrual experience (period rating, preferred menstrual hygiene products), and whether participants would donate MenSC or accept MenSC therapy. Results: MenSC was met with a generally positive response, with 78% of menstruating women willing to donate menstrual blood. No significant relationship was recognized between willingness to donate menstrual blood with age, history of childbirth or blood donation, menstruation perception, and preferred menstrual hygiene product. Women rated their period experience better after being made aware of the ability to donate menstrual blood, meaning MenSC therapy can be beneficial for donors as well as patients. Conclusions: Considering women's attitudes to MenSC and donation of menstrual blood, the future of MenSC therapy is positive; women are generally willing to donate menstrual blood, independent of age, perception of periods, and history of childbirth and blood donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Manley
- Medical Engineering Design Research Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James Sprinks
- Medical Engineering Design Research Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Breedon
- Medical Engineering Design Research Group, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Martinez-Quintanilla J, Seah I, Chua M, Shah K. Oncolytic viruses: overcoming translational challenges. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1407-1418. [PMID: 30829653 DOI: 10.1172/jci122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising approach in which WT or engineered viruses selectively replicate and destroy tumor cells while sparing normal ones. In the last two decades, different oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been modified and tested in a number of preclinical studies, some of which have led to clinical trials in cancer patients. These clinical trials have revealed several critical limitations with regard to viral delivery, spread, resistance, and antiviral immunity. Here, we focus on promising research strategies that have been developed to overcome the aforementioned obstacles. Such strategies include engineering OVs to target a broad spectrum of tumor cells while evading the immune system, developing unique delivery mechanisms, combining other immunotherapeutic agents with OVT, and using clinically translatable mouse tumor models to potentially translate OVT more readily into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Seah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging and
| | - Melissa Chua
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging and.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging and.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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