1
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Jiang M, Li Q, Xu B. Spotlight on ideal target antigens and resistance in antibody-drug conjugates: Strategies for competitive advancement. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 75:101086. [PMID: 38677200 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a novel and promising approach in targeted therapy, uniting the specificity of antibodies that recognize specific antigens with payloads, all connected by the stable linker. These conjugates combine the best targeted and cytotoxic therapies, offering the killing effect of precisely targeting specific antigens and the potent cell-killing power of small molecule drugs. The targeted approach minimizes the off-target toxicities associated with the payloads and broadens the therapeutic window, enhancing the efficacy and safety profile of cancer treatments. Within precision oncology, ADCs have garnered significant attention as a cutting-edge research area and have been approved to treat a range of malignant tumors. Correspondingly, the issue of resistance to ADCs has gradually come to the fore. Any dysfunction in the steps leading to the ADCs' action within tumor cells can lead to the development of resistance. A deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms may be crucial for developing novel ADCs and exploring combination therapy strategies, which could further enhance the clinical efficacy of ADCs in cancer treatment. This review outlines the brief historical development and mechanism of ADCs and discusses the impact of their key components on the activity of ADCs. Furthermore, it provides a detailed account of the application of ADCs with various target antigens in cancer therapy, the categorization of potential resistance mechanisms, and the current state of combination therapies. Looking forward, breakthroughs in overcoming technical barriers, selecting differentiated target antigens, and enhancing resistance management and combination therapy strategies will broaden the therapeutic indications for ADCs. These progresses are anticipated to advance cancer treatment and yield benefits for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Binghe Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Mocelular Oncology, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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2
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Lombardi AM, Sangiolo D, Vigna E. MET Oncogene Targeting for Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6109. [PMID: 38892318 PMCID: PMC11173045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The MET receptor is one of the main drivers of 'invasive growth', a multifaceted biological response essential during embryonic development and tissue repair that is usurped by cancer cells to induce and sustain the malignant phenotype. MET stands out as one of the most important oncogenes activated in cancer and its inhibition has been explored since the initial era of cancer-targeted therapy. Different approaches have been developed to hamper MET signaling and/or reduce MET (over)expression as a hallmark of transformation. Considering the great interest gained by cancer immunotherapy, this review evaluates the opportunity of targeting MET within therapeutic approaches based on the exploitation of immune functions, either in those cases where MET impairment is crucial to induce an effective response (i.e., when MET is the driver of the malignancy), or when blocking MET represents a way for potentiating the treatment (i.e., when MET is an adjuvant of tumor fitness).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa Vigna
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043 Torino, Italy; (A.M.L.); (D.S.)
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3
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Gu Y, Wang Z, Wang Y. Bispecific antibody drug conjugates: Making 1+1>2. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1965-1986. [PMID: 38799638 PMCID: PMC11119582 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibody‒drug conjugates (BsADCs) represent an innovative therapeutic category amalgamating the merits of antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Positioned as the next-generation ADC approach, BsADCs hold promise for ameliorating extant clinical challenges associated with ADCs, particularly pertaining to issues such as poor internalization, off-target toxicity, and drug resistance. Presently, ten BsADCs are undergoing clinical trials, and initial findings underscore the imperative for ongoing refinement. This review initially delves into specific design considerations for BsADCs, encompassing target selection, antibody formats, and the linker-payload complex. Subsequent sections delineate the extant progress and challenges encountered by BsADCs, illustrated through pertinent case studies. The amalgamation of BsAbs with ADCs offers a prospective solution to prevailing clinical limitations of ADCs. Nevertheless, the symbiotic interplay among BsAb, linker, and payload necessitates further optimizations and coordination beyond a simplistic "1 + 1" to effectively surmount the extant challenges facing the BsADC domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Gu
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, China
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4
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Mer AH, Mirzaei Y, Misamogooe F, Bagheri N, Bazyari A, Keshtkaran Z, Meyfour A, Shahedi A, Amirkhani Z, Jafari A, Barpour N, Jahandideh S, Rezaei B, Nikmanesh Y, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M. Progress of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting c-Met in cancer therapy; insights from clinical and preclinical studies. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01564-3. [PMID: 38597995 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinase c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) is overexpressed in a wide range of solid tumors, making it an appropriate target antigen for the development of anticancer therapeutics. Various antitumor c-Met-targeting therapies (including monoclonal antibodies [mAbs] and tyrosine kinases) have been developed for the treatment of c-Met-overexpressing tumors, most of which have so far failed to enter the clinic because of their efficacy and complications. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), a new emerging class of cancer therapeutic agents that harness the target specificity of mAbs to deliver highly potent small molecules to the tumor with the minimal damage to normal cells, could be an attractive therapeutic approach to circumvent these limitations in patients with c-Met-overexpressing tumors. Of great note, there are currently nine c-Met-targeting ADCs being examined in different phases of clinical studies as well as eight preclinical studies for treating various solid tumors. The purpose of this study is to present a broad overview of clinical- and preclinical-stage c-Met-targeting ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hussein Mer
- Department of Nursing, Mergasour Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Yousef Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Fatemeh Misamogooe
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, 8813733450, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Bazyari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Keshtkaran
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahedi
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Zahra Amirkhani
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nesa Barpour
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Jahandideh
- Department of Research and Development, Orchidgene Co, Tehran, 1387837584, Iran
| | - Behzad Rezaei
- Laparoscopy Research Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars Province, Iran
| | - Yousef Nikmanesh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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5
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Crepaldi T, Gallo S, Comoglio PM. The MET Oncogene: Thirty Years of Insights into Molecular Mechanisms Driving Malignancy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:448. [PMID: 38675409 PMCID: PMC11054789 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery and subsequent research on the MET oncogene's role in cancer onset and progression have illuminated crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms driving malignancy. The identification of MET as the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor has paved the path for characterizing the MET tyrosine kinase activation mechanism and its downstream signaling cascade. Over the past thirty years, research has established the importance of HGF/MET signaling in normal cellular processes, such as cell dissociation, migration, proliferation, and cell survival. Notably, genetic alterations that lead to the continuous activation of MET, known as constitutive activation, have been identified as oncogenic drivers in various cancers. The genetic lesions affecting MET, such as exon skipping, gene amplification, and gene rearrangements, provide valuable targets for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, the implications of MET as a resistance mechanism to targeted therapies emphasize the need for combination treatments that include MET inhibitors. The intriguing "flare effect" phenomenon, wherein MET inhibition can lead to post-treatment increases in cancer cell proliferation, underscores the dynamic nature of cancer therapeutics. In human tumors, increased protein expression often occurs without gene amplification. Various mechanisms may cause an overexpression: transcriptional upregulation induced by other oncogenes; environmental factors (such as hypoxia or radiation); or substances produced by the reactive stroma, such as inflammatory cytokines, pro-angiogenic factors, and even HGF itself. In conclusion, the journey to understanding MET's involvement in cancer onset and progression over the past three decades has not only deepened our knowledge, but has also paved the way for innovative therapeutic strategies. Selective pharmacological inactivation of MET stands as a promising avenue for achieving cancer remission, particularly in cases where MET alterations are the primary drivers of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Crepaldi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10143 Orbassano, Italy; (T.C.); (S.G.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP142, Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Simona Gallo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10143 Orbassano, Italy; (T.C.); (S.G.)
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, SP142, Km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Comoglio
- IFOM ETS—The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
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6
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Tsuchikama K, Anami Y, Ha SYY, Yamazaki CM. Exploring the next generation of antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:203-223. [PMID: 38191923 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising cancer treatment modality that enables the selective delivery of highly cytotoxic payloads to tumours. However, realizing the full potential of this platform necessitates innovative molecular designs to tackle several clinical challenges such as drug resistance, tumour heterogeneity and treatment-related adverse effects. Several emerging ADC formats exist, including bispecific ADCs, conditionally active ADCs (also known as probody-drug conjugates), immune-stimulating ADCs, protein-degrader ADCs and dual-drug ADCs, and each offers unique capabilities for tackling these various challenges. For example, probody-drug conjugates can enhance tumour specificity, whereas bispecific ADCs and dual-drug ADCs can address resistance and heterogeneity with enhanced activity. The incorporation of immune-stimulating and protein-degrader ADCs, which have distinct mechanisms of action, into existing treatment strategies could enable multimodal cancer treatment. Despite the promising outlook, the importance of patient stratification and biomarker identification cannot be overstated for these emerging ADCs, as these factors are crucial to identify patients who are most likely to derive benefit. As we continue to deepen our understanding of tumour biology and refine ADC design, we will edge closer to developing truly effective and safe ADCs for patients with treatment-refractory cancers. In this Review, we highlight advances in each ADC component (the monoclonal antibody, payload, linker and conjugation chemistry) and provide more-detailed discussions on selected examples of emerging novel ADCs of each format, enabled by engineering of one or more of these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yasuaki Anami
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Summer Y Y Ha
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chisato M Yamazaki
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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7
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Zhou L, Lu Y, Liu W, Wang S, Wang L, Zheng P, Zi G, Liu H, Liu W, Wei S. Drug conjugates for the treatment of lung cancer: from drug discovery to clinical practice. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:26. [PMID: 38429828 PMCID: PMC10908151 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A drug conjugate consists of a cytotoxic drug bound via a linker to a targeted ligand, allowing the targeted delivery of the drug to one or more tumor sites. This approach simultaneously reduces drug toxicity and increases efficacy, with a powerful combination of efficient killing and precise targeting. Antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) are the best-known type of drug conjugate, combining the specificity of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce adverse reactions by preferentially targeting the payload to the tumor. The structure of ADCs has also provided inspiration for the development of additional drug conjugates. In recent years, drug conjugates such as ADCs, peptide‒drug conjugates (PDCs) and radionuclide drug conjugates (RDCs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The scope and application of drug conjugates have been expanding, including combination therapy and precise drug delivery, and a variety of new conjugation technology concepts have emerged. Additionally, new conjugation technology-based drugs have been developed in industry. In addition to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, drug conjugate therapy has undergone continuous development and made significant progress in treating lung cancer in recent years, offering a promising strategy for the treatment of this disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of drug conjugates for lung cancer treatment, including structure-based drug design, mechanisms of action, clinical trials, and side effects. Furthermore, challenges, potential approaches and future prospects are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shanglong Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengdou Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guisha Zi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
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8
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Al Sbihi A, Alasfour M, Pongas G. Innovations in Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) in the Treatment of Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:827. [PMID: 38398219 PMCID: PMC10887180 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemoimmunotherapy and cellular therapy are the mainstay of the treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) lymphomas. Development of resistance and commonly encountered toxicities of these treatments limit their role in achieving desired response rates and durable remissions. The Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) is a novel class of targeted therapy that has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating various cancers, including lymphomas. To date, three ADC agents have been approved for different lymphomas, marking a significant advancement in the field. In this article, we aim to review the concept of ADCs and their application in lymphoma treatment, provide an analysis of currently approved agents, and discuss the ongoing advancements of ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georgios Pongas
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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9
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Evers A, Krah S, Demir D, Gaa R, Elter D, Schroeter C, Zielonka S, Rasche N, Dotterweich J, Knuehl C, Doerner A. Engineering hydrophobicity and manufacturability for optimized biparatopic antibody-drug conjugates targeting c-MET. MAbs 2024; 16:2302386. [PMID: 38214660 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2302386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Optimal combinations of paratopes assembled into a biparatopic antibody have the capacity to mediate high-grade target cross-linking on cell membranes, leading to degradation of the target, as well as antibody and payload delivery in the case of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). In the work presented here, molecular docking suggested a suitable paratope combination targeting c-MET, but hydrophobic patches in essential binding regions of one moiety necessitated engineering. In addition to rational design of HCDR2 and HCDR3 mutations, site-specific spiking libraries were generated and screened in yeast and mammalian surface display approaches. Comparative analyses revealed similar positions amendable for hydrophobicity reduction, with a broad combinatorial diversity obtained from library outputs. Optimized variants showed high stability, strongly reduced hydrophobicity, retained affinities supporting the desired functionality and enhanced producibility. The resulting biparatopic anti-c-MET ADCs were comparably active on c-MET expressing tumor cell lines as REGN5093 exatecan DAR6 ADC. Structural molecular modeling of paratope combinations for preferential inter-target binding combined with protein engineering for manufacturability yielded deep insights into the capabilities of rational and library approaches. The methodologies of in silico hydrophobicity identification and sequence optimization could serve as a blueprint for rapid development of optimal biparatopic ADCs targeting further tumor-associated antigens in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Evers
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Deniz Demir
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ramona Gaa
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Desislava Elter
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Zielonka
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rasche
- ADC and Targeted Therapeutics, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Christine Knuehl
- Research Unit Oncology, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Achim Doerner
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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10
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Niquille DL, Fitzgerald KM, Gera N. Biparatopic antibodies: therapeutic applications and prospects. MAbs 2024; 16:2310890. [PMID: 38439551 PMCID: PMC10936611 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2310890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Biparatopic antibodies (bpAbs) bind distinct, non-overlapping epitopes on an antigen. This unique binding mode enables new mechanisms of action beyond monospecific and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) that can make bpAbs effective therapeutics for various indications, including oncology and infectious diseases. Biparatopic binding can lead to superior affinity and specificity, promote antagonism, lock target conformation, and result in higher-order target clustering. Such antibody-target complexes can elicit strong agonism, increase immune effector function, or result in rapid target downregulation and lysosomal trafficking. These are not only attractive properties for therapeutic antibodies but are increasingly being explored for other modalities such as antibody-drug conjugates, T-cell engagers and chimeric antigen receptors. Recent advances in bpAb engineering have enabled the construction of ever more sophisticated formats that are starting to show promise in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nimish Gera
- Biologics, Mythic Therapeutics, Waltham, MA, USA
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11
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Panikar SS, Berry NK, Shmuel S, Keltee N, Pereira PM. In Vivo Biorthogonal Antibody Click for Dual Targeting and Augmented Efficacy in Cancer Treatment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.05.556426. [PMID: 37986985 PMCID: PMC10659283 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as promising therapeutics for cancer treatment; however, their effectiveness has been limited by single antigen targeting, potentially leading to resistance mechanisms triggered by tumor compensatory pathways or reduced expression of the target protein. Here, we present antibody-ADC click, an approach that harnesses bioorthogonal click chemistry for in vivo dual receptor targeting, irrespective of the levels of the tumor's expression of the ADC-targeting antigen. Antibody-ADC click enables targeting heterogeneity and enhances antibody internalization and drug delivery inside cancer cells, resulting in potent toxicity. We conjugated antibodies and ADCs to the bioorthogonal click moieties tetrazine (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO). Through sequential antibody administration in living biological systems, we achieved dual receptor targeting by in vivo clicking of antibody-TCO with antibody-Tz. We show that the clicked antibody therapy outperformed conventional ADC monotherapy or antibody combinations in preclinical models mimicking ADC-eligible, ADC-resistant, and ADC-ineligible tumors. Antibody-ADC click enables in vivo dual-antigen targeting without extensive antibody bioengineering, sustains tumor treatment, and enhances antibody-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Surendra Panikar
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Na-Keysha Berry
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shayla Shmuel
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nai Keltee
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Patrícia M.R. Pereira
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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12
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Perez Bay AE, Faulkner D, DaSilva JO, Young TM, Yang K, Giurleo JT, Ma D, Delfino FJ, Olson WC, Thurston G, Daly C, Andreev J. A Bispecific METxMET Antibody-Drug Conjugate with Cleavable Linker Is Processed in Recycling and Late Endosomes. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:357-370. [PMID: 36861363 PMCID: PMC9978886 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Most antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) approved for the treatment of cancer contain protease-cleavable linkers. ADCs that traffic to lysosomes traverse highly acidic late endosomes, while ADCs that recycle to the plasma membrane traffic through mildly acidic sorting and recycling endosomes. Although endosomes have been proposed to process cleavable ADCs, the precise identity of the relevant compartments and their relative contributions to ADC processing remain undefined. Here we show that a METxMET biparatopic antibody internalizes into sorting endosomes, rapidly traffics to recycling endosomes, and slowly reaches late endosomes. In agreement with the current model of ADC trafficking, late endosomes are the primary processing site of MET, EGFR, and prolactin receptor ADCs. Interestingly, recycling endosomes contribute up to 35% processing of the MET and EGFR ADCs in different cancer cells, mediated by cathepsin-L, which localizes to this compartment. Taken together, our findings provide insight into the relationship between transendosomal trafficking and ADC processing and suggest that receptors that traffic through recycling endosomes might be suitable targets for cleavable ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres E Perez Bay
- Oncology and Angiogenesis Department, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, New York
| | - Devon Faulkner
- Oncology and Angiogenesis Department, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, New York
| | - John O DaSilva
- Oncology and Angiogenesis Department, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, New York
| | - Tara M Young
- Oncology and Angiogenesis Department, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, New York
| | - Katie Yang
- Oncology and Angiogenesis Department, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, New York
| | - Jason T Giurleo
- Therapeutic Proteins Department, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, New York
| | - Dangshe Ma
- Therapeutic Proteins Department, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, New York
| | - Frank J Delfino
- Therapeutic Proteins Department, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, New York
| | - William C Olson
- Therapeutic Proteins Department, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, New York
| | - Gavin Thurston
- Oncology and Angiogenesis Department, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Daly
- Oncology and Angiogenesis Department, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, New York
| | - Julian Andreev
- Oncology and Angiogenesis Department, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, New York
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13
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Sakamoto M, Patil T. MET alterations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2023; 178:254-268. [PMID: 36924573 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the MET pathway in advanced NSCLC has been of particular interest due to its role as both a primary oncogenic driver and secondary oncogenic driver of acquired resistance. Activation of the MET pathway can occur through several mechanisms, which can complicate the diagnostic and treatment approach. Recently, several MET-directed therapies have been developed with promising results. In this narrative review, we summarize the biology and mechanism of MET as a clinically relevant driver mutation, distinct MET alterations including diagnostic challenges, significance in the setting of acquired resistance, and novel treatment strategies in advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, United States
| | - Tejas Patil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, United States.
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14
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Oh SY, Lee YW, Lee EJ, Kim JH, Park Y, Heo SG, Yu MR, Hong MH, DaSilva J, Daly C, Cho BC, Lim SM, Yun MR. Preclinical Study of a Biparatopic METxMET Antibody-Drug Conjugate, REGN5093-M114, Overcomes MET-driven Acquired Resistance to EGFR TKIs in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:221-232. [PMID: 36269795 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MET amplification is a frequent mechanism of resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in patients with EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and combined treatment with EGFR TKIs and MET TKIs has been explored as a strategy to overcome resistance. However, durable response is invariably limited by the emergence of acquired resistance. Here, we investigated the preclinical activity of REGN5093-M114, a novel antibody-drug conjugate targeting MET in MET-driven patient-derived models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patient-derived organoids, patient-derived cells, or ATCC cell lines were used to investigate the in vitro/in vivo activity of REGN5093-M114. RESULTS REGN5093-M114 exhibited significant antitumor efficacy compared with MET TKI or unconjugated METxMET biparatopic antibody (REGN5093). Regardless of MET gene copy number, MET-overexpressed TKI-naïve EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells responded to REGN5093-M114 treatment. Cell surface MET expression had the most predictive power in determining the efficacy of REGN5093-M114. REGN5093-M114 potently reduced tumor growth of EGFR-mutant NSCLC with PTEN loss or MET Y1230C mutation after progression on prior osimertinib and savolitinib treatment. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, REGN5093-M114 is a promising candidate to overcome the challenges facing functional MET pathway blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Oh
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science institute, Graduated School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - You Won Lee
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science institute, Graduated School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - YoungJoon Park
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Seong Gu Heo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Mi Ra Yu
- Department of Research Support, Yonsei Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - John DaSilva
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | | | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Sun Min Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Mi Ran Yun
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
- Yonsei New Il Han Institute for Integrative Lung Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
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15
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Yang Y, Wang S, Ma P, Jiang Y, Cheng K, Yu Y, Jiang N, Miao H, Tang Q, Liu F, Zha Y, Li N. Drug conjugate-based anticancer therapy - Current status and perspectives. Cancer Lett 2023; 552:215969. [PMID: 36279982 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Drug conjugates are conjugates comprising a tumor-homing carrier tethered to a cytotoxic agent via a linker that are designed to deliver an ultra-toxic payload directly to the target cancer cells. This strategy has been successfully used to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic agents and reduce their toxic side effects. Drug conjugates are being developed worldwide, with the potential to revolutionize current cancer treatment strategies. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have developed rapidly, and 14 of them have received market approval since the first approval event by the Food and Drug Administration in 2000. However, there are some limitations in the use of antibodies as carriers. Other classes of drug conjugates are emerging, such as targeted drugs conjugated with peptides (peptide-drug conjugates, PDCs) and polymers (polymer-drug conjugates, PolyDCs) with the remaining constructs similar to those of ADCs. These novel drug conjugates are gaining attention because they overcome the limitations of ADCs. This review summarizes the current state and advancements in knowledge regarding the design, constructs, and clinical efficacy of different drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune-related Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Shuhang Wang
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Peiwen Ma
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yale Jiang
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Keman Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yue Yu
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Huilei Miao
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qiyu Tang
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Funan Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Yan Zha
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immune-related Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| | - Ning Li
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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16
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Yoshida R, Saigi M, Tani T, Springer BF, Shibata H, Kitajima S, Mahadevan NR, Campisi M, Kim W, Kobayashi Y, Thai TC, Haratani K, Yamamoto Y, Sundararaman SK, Knelson EH, Vajdi A, Canadas I, Uppaluri R, Paweletz CP, Miret JJ, Lizotte PH, Gokhale PC, Jänne PA, Barbie DA. MET-Induced CD73 Restrains STING-Mediated Immunogenicity of EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4079-4092. [PMID: 36066413 PMCID: PMC9627131 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shown limited efficacy in patients with EGFR-mutated lung cancer. Efforts to enhance the immunogenicity of EGFR-mutated lung cancer have been unsuccessful to date. Here, we discover that MET amplification, the most common mechanism of resistance to third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), activates tumor cell STING, an emerging determinant of cancer immunogenicity (1). However, STING activation was restrained by ectonucleosidase CD73, which is induced in MET-amplified, EGFR-TKI-resistant cells. Systematic genomic analyses and cell line studies confirmed upregulation of CD73 in MET-amplified and MET-activated lung cancer contexts, which depends on coinduction of FOSL1. Pemetrexed (PEM), which is commonly used following EGFR-TKI treatment failure, was identified as an effective potentiator of STING-dependent TBK1-IRF3-STAT1 signaling in MET-amplified, EGFR-TKI-resistant cells. However, PEM treatment also induced adenosine production, which inhibited T-cell responsiveness. In an allogenic humanized mouse model, CD73 deletion enhanced immunogenicity of MET-amplified, EGFR-TKI-resistant cells, and PEM treatment promoted robust responses regardless of CD73 status. Using a physiologic antigen recognition model, inactivation of CD73 significantly increased antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell immunogenicity following PEM treatment. These data reveal that combined PEM and CD73 inhibition can co-opt tumor cell STING induction in TKI-resistant EGFR-mutated lung cancers and promote immunogenicity. SIGNIFICANCE MET amplification upregulates CD73 to suppress tumor cell STING induction and T-cell responsiveness in TKI-resistant, EGFR-mutated lung cancer, identifying a strategy to enhance immunogenicity and improve treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Yoshida
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan.,Corresponding authors: David A. Barbie, M.D., Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, LC4115, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA, , Tel: 617-632-6036; Pasi A Jänne, M.D. Ph.D., Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, LC4114, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA, , Tel: 617-632-6036; Ryohei Yoshida, M.D. Ph.D., Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan, , Tel: 81-166-69-3290
| | - Maria Saigi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tetsuo Tani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Benjamin F Springer
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Hirofumi Shibata
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Shunsuke Kitajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Navin R Mahadevan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Marco Campisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - William Kim
- Jong Wook Kim Ph.D., University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center
| | - Yoshihisa Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tran C Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Koji Haratani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Yurie Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shriram K Sundararaman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Erik H Knelson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Amir Vajdi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Israel Canadas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Cloud P Paweletz
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Juan J Miret
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Patrick H Lizotte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Prafulla C Gokhale
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Corresponding authors: David A. Barbie, M.D., Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, LC4115, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA, , Tel: 617-632-6036; Pasi A Jänne, M.D. Ph.D., Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, LC4114, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA, , Tel: 617-632-6036; Ryohei Yoshida, M.D. Ph.D., Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan, , Tel: 81-166-69-3290
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.,Corresponding authors: David A. Barbie, M.D., Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, LC4115, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA, , Tel: 617-632-6036; Pasi A Jänne, M.D. Ph.D., Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, LC4114, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA, , Tel: 617-632-6036; Ryohei Yoshida, M.D. Ph.D., Respiratory Center, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan, , Tel: 81-166-69-3290
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17
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Chiriaco C, Donini C, Cortese M, Ughetto S, Modica C, Martinelli I, Proment A, Vitali L, Fontani L, Casucci M, Comoglio PM, Giordano S, Sangiolo D, Leuci V, Vigna E. Efficacy of CAR-T immunotherapy in MET overexpressing tumors not eligible for anti-MET targeted therapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:309. [PMID: 36271379 PMCID: PMC9585715 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background Aberrant activation of the MET receptor in cancer is sustained by genetic alterations or, more frequently, by transcriptional upregulations. A fraction of MET-amplified or mutated tumors are sensible to MET targeting agents, but their responsiveness is typically short-lasting, as secondary resistance eventually occurs. Since in the absence of genetic alterations MET is usually not a tumor driver, MET overexpressing tumors are not/poorly responsive to MET targeted therapies. Consequently, the vast majority of tumors exhibiting MET activation still represent an unmet medical need. Methods Here we propose an immunotherapy strategy based on T lymphocytes expressing a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) targeting MET overexpressing tumors of different histotypes. We engineered two different MET-CAR constructs and tested MET-CAR-T cell cytotoxic activity against different MET overexpressing models, including tumor cell lines, primary cancer cells, organoids, and xenografts in immune-deficient mice. Results We proved that MET-CAR-T exerted a specific cytotoxic activity against MET expressing cells. Cell killing was proportional to the level of MET expressed on the cell surface. While CAR-T cytotoxicity was minimal versus cells carrying MET at physiological levels, essentially sparing normal cells, the activity versus MET overexpressing tumors was robust, significantly controlling tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Notably, MET-CAR-T cells were also able to brake acquired resistance to MET targeting agents in MET amplified cancer cells carrying secondary mutations in downstream signal transducers. Conclusions We set and validated at the pre-clinical level a MET-CAR immunotherapy strategy potentially beneficial for cancers not eligible for MET targeted therapy with inhibitory molecules, including those exhibiting primary or secondary resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02479-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Chiriaco
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,Present address: Anemocyte S.r.l., 21040 Gerenzano, VA Italy
| | - Chiara Donini
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Cortese
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Ughetto
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy ,Present address: Bios-Therapy, Physiological System for Health S.p.A, 52037 Sansepolcro, AR Italy
| | - Chiara Modica
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Present address: Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Martinelli
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy
| | - Alessia Proment
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Letizia Vitali
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lara Fontani
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy
| | - Monica Casucci
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884Innovative Immunotherapies Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Comoglio
- grid.7678.e0000 0004 1757 7797IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordano
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Leuci
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy
| | - Elisa Vigna
- grid.419555.90000 0004 1759 7675Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Strada Provinciale 142, 10060 Candiolo, TO Italy ,grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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18
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Designing antibodies as therapeutics. Cell 2022; 185:2789-2805. [PMID: 35868279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibody therapeutics are a large and rapidly expanding drug class providing major health benefits. We provide a snapshot of current antibody therapeutics including their formats, common targets, therapeutic areas, and routes of administration. Our focus is on selected emerging directions in antibody design where progress may provide a broad benefit. These topics include enhancing antibodies for cancer, antibody delivery to organs such as the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs, plus antibody developability challenges including immunogenicity risk assessment and mitigation and subcutaneous delivery. Machine learning has the potential, albeit as yet largely unrealized, for a transformative future impact on antibody discovery and engineering.
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19
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Liu S, Shah DK. Mathematical Models to Characterize the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of Protein Therapeutics. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:867-878. [PMID: 35197311 PMCID: PMC11022906 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins (TPs) have ranked among the most important and fastest-growing classes of drugs in the clinic, yet the development of successful TPs is often limited by unsatisfactory efficacy. Understanding pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of TPs is key to achieving sufficient and prolonged exposure at the site of action, which is a prerequisite for eliciting desired pharmacological effects. PK modeling represents a powerful tool to investigate factors governing in vivo disposition of TPs. In this mini-review, we discuss many state-of-the-art models that recapitulate critical processes in each of the absorption, distribution, metabolism/catabolism, and excretion pathways of TPs, which can be integrated into the physiologically-based pharmacokinetic framework. Additionally, we provide our perspectives on current opportunities and challenges for evolving the PK models to accelerate the discovery and development of safe and efficacious TPs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This minireview provides an overview of mechanistic pharmacokinetic (PK) models developed to characterize absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) properties of therapeutic proteins (TPs), which can support model-informed discovery and development of TPs. As the next-generation of TPs with diverse physicochemical properties and mechanism-of-action are being developed rapidly, there is an urgent need to better understand the determinants for the ADME of TPs and evolve existing platform PK models to facilitate successful bench-to-bedside translation of these promising drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Dhaval K Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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20
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Boghaert ER, Cox MC, Vaidya KS. Pathophysiological and pharmacological considerations to improve the design and application of antibody-drug conjugates. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1858-1869. [PMID: 35298624 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have emerged as one of the pillars of clinical disease management in oncology. The biggest hurdle to widespread development and application of ADCs has been a narrow therapeutic index. Advances in antibody technologies and formats as well as novel linker and payload chemistries have begun to facilitate structural improvements to ADCs. However, the interplay of structural characteristics with physiologic and pharmacologic factors determining therapeutic success has garnered less attention. This review elaborates on the pharmacology of ADCs, the pathophysiology of cancerous tissues, and the reciprocal consequences on ADC properties and functions. While most currently approved ADCs utilize either microtubule inhibition or DNA damage as primary mechanisms of action, we present arguments to expand this repertoire and highlight the need for payload mechanisms that exploit disease-specific vulnerabilities. We promote the idea that the choice of antibody format, targeting antigen, linker properties, and payload of an ADC should be deliberately fit for purpose by taking the pathophysiology of disease and the specific pharmacology of the drug entity into account, thus allowing a higher probability of clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan C Cox
- Abbvie, Inc., North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kedar S Vaidya
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals (United States), Palo Alto, CA, United States
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