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Song B, Wang K, Na S, Yao J, Fattah FJ, von Itzstein MS, Yang DM, Liu J, Xue Y, Liang C, Guo Y, Raman I, Zhu C, Dowell JE, Homsi J, Rashdan S, Yang S, Gwin ME, Hsiehchen D, Gloria-McCutchen Y, Raj P, Bai X, Wang J, Conejo-Garcia J, Xie Y, Gerber DE, Huang J, Wang T. Cmai: Predicting Antigen-Antibody Interactions from Massive Sequencing Data. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.27.601035. [PMID: 39005456 PMCID: PMC11244862 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.27.601035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between antigens and antibodies (B cell receptors, BCRs) is the key step underlying the function of the humoral immune system in various biological contexts. The capability to profile the landscape of antigen-binding affinity of a vast number of BCRs will provide a powerful tool to reveal novel insights at unprecedented levels and will yield powerful tools for translational development. However, current experimental approaches for profiling antibody-antigen interactions are costly and time-consuming, and can only achieve low-to-mid throughput. On the other hand, bioinformatics tools in the field of antibody informatics mostly focus on optimization of antibodies given known binding antigens, which is a very different research question and of limited scope. In this work, we developed an innovative Artificial Intelligence tool, Cmai, to address the prediction of the binding between antibodies and antigens that can be scaled to high-throughput sequencing data. Cmai achieved an AUROC of 0.91 in our validation cohort. We devised a biomarker metric based on the output from Cmai applied to high-throughput BCR sequencing data. We found that, during immune-related adverse events (irAEs) caused by immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment, the humoral immunity is preferentially responsive to intracellular antigens from the organs affected by the irAEs. In contrast, extracellular antigens on malignant tumor cells are inducing B cell infiltrations, and the infiltrating B cells have a greater tendency to co-localize with tumor cells expressing these antigens. We further found that the abundance of tumor antigen-targeting antibodies is predictive of ICI treatment response. Overall, Cmai and our biomarker approach filled in a gap that is not addressed by current antibody optimization works nor works such as AlphaFold3 that predict the structures of complexes of proteins that are known to bind.
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Wang L, Zhang L, Dunmall LC, Wang YY, Fan Z, Cheng Z, Wang Y. The dilemmas and possible solutions for CAR-T cell therapy application in solid tumors. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216871. [PMID: 38604310 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, as an adoptive immunotherapy, is playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of malignant tumors. CAR-T cells are referred to as "living drugs" as they not only target tumor cells directly, but also induce long-term immune memory that has the potential to provide long-lasting protection. CD19.CAR-T cells have achieved complete response rates of over 90 % for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and over 60 % for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, the response rate of CAR-T cells in the treatment of solid tumors remains extremely low and the side effects potentially severe. In this review, we discuss the limitations that the solid tumor microenvironment poses for CAR-T application and the solutions that are being developed to address these limitations, in the hope that in the near future, CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors can attain the same success rates as are now being seen clinically for hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China; National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lufang Zhang
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Louisa Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Yang Wang
- Department of General Pediatrics, Newham General Hospital, E13 8SL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zaiwen Fan
- Department of Oncology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenguo Cheng
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Chen B, Liu J. Prospects and challenges of CAR-T in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112112. [PMID: 38640714 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer ranks as the seventh most prevalent cancer among women and is considered the most lethal gynecological malignancy on a global scale. The absence of reliable screening techniques, coupled with the insidious onset of nonspecific symptoms, often results in a delayed diagnosis, typically at an advanced stage characterized by peritoneal involvement. Management of advanced tumors typically involves a combination of chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery. However, the therapeutic arsenal for ovarian cancer patients remains limited, highlighting the unmet need for precise, targeted, and sustained-release pharmacological agents. Genetically engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) represent a promising novel therapeutic modality that selectively targets specific antigens, demonstrating robust and enduring antitumor responses in numerous patients. CAR T cell therapy has exhibited notable efficacy in hematological malignancies and is currently under investigation for its potential in treating various solid tumors, including ovarian cancer. Currently, numerous researchers are engaged in the development of novel CAR-T cells designed to target ovarian cancer, with subsequent evaluation of these candidate cells in preclinical studies. Given the ability of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing T cells to elicit potent and long-lasting anti-tumor effects, this therapeutic approach holds significant promise for the treatment of ovarian cancer. This review article examines the utilization of CAR-T cells in the context of ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqing Chen
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Zhao YQ, Zhang HH, Wu J, Li L, Li J, Zhong H, Jin Y, Lei TY, Zhao XY, Xu B, Song QB, He J. Prediction of Tumor Microenvironment Characteristics and Treatment Response in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Pseudogene OR7E47P-related Immune Genes. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:1133-1150. [PMID: 38015361 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pseudogenes are initially regarded as nonfunctional genomic sequences, but some pseudogenes regulate tumor initiation and progression by interacting with other genes to modulate their transcriptional activities. Olfactory receptor family 7 subfamily E member 47 pseudogene (OR7E47P) is expressed broadly in lung tissues and has been identified as a positive regulator in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study aimed to elucidate the correlation between OR7E47P and tumor immunity in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). METHODS Clinical and molecular information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) LUSC cohort was used to identify OR7E47P-related immune genes (ORIGs) by weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Based on the ORIGs, 2 OR7E47P clusters were identified using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering, and the stability of the clustering was tested by an extreme gradient boosting classifier (XGBoost). LASSO-Cox and stepwise regressions were applied to further select prognostic ORIGs and to construct a predictive model (ORPScore) for immunotherapy. The Botling cohorts and 8 immunotherapy cohorts (the Samstein, Braun, Jung, Gide, IMvigor210, Lauss, Van Allen, and Cho cohorts) were included as independent validation cohorts. RESULTS OR7E47P expression was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration and enrichment of immune-related pathways in LUSC. A total of 57 ORIGs were identified to classify the patients into 2 OR7E47P clusters (Cluster 1 and Cluster 2) with distinct immune, mutation, and stromal programs. Compared to Cluster 1, Cluster 2 had more infiltration by immune and stromal cells, lower mutation rates of driver genes, and higher expression of immune-related proteins. The clustering performed well in the internal and 5 external validation cohorts. Based on the 7 ORIGs (HOPX, STX2, WFS, DUSP22, SLFN13, GGCT, and CCSER2), the ORPScore was constructed to predict the prognosis and the treatment response. In addition, the ORPScore was a better prognostic factor and correlated positively with the immunotherapeutic response in cancer patients. The area under the curve values ranged from 0.584 to 0.805 in the 6 independent immunotherapy cohorts. CONCLUSION Our study suggests a significant correlation between OR7E47P and TME modulation in LUSC. ORIGs can be applied to molecularly stratify patients, and the ORPScore may serve as a biomarker for clinical decision-making regarding individualized prognostication and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi Zhao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Hao-Han Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lan Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jing Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Tian-Yu Lei
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xin-Yi Zhao
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qi-Bin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Jie He
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100032, China.
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Gehl V, O'Rourke CJ, Andersen JB. Immunogenomics of cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00649. [PMID: 37972940 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of cholangiocarcinoma spans years, if not decades, during which the immune system becomes corrupted and permissive to primary tumor development and metastasis. This involves subversion of local immunity at tumor sites, as well as systemic immunity and the wider host response. While immune dysfunction is a hallmark of all cholangiocarcinoma, the specific steps of the cancer-immunity cycle that are perturbed differ between patients. Heterogeneous immune functionality impacts the evolutionary development, pathobiological behavior, and therapeutic response of these tumors. Integrative genomic analyses of thousands of primary tumors have supported a biological rationale for immune-based stratification of patients, encompassing immune cell composition and functionality. However, discerning immune alterations responsible for promoting tumor initiation, maintenance, and progression from those present as bystander events remains challenging. Functionally uncoupling the tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing roles of immune profiles will be critical for identifying new immunomodulatory treatment strategies and associated biomarkers for patient stratification. This review will discuss the immunogenomics of cholangiocarcinoma, including the impact of genomic alterations on immune functionality, subversion of the cancer-immunity cycle, as well as clinical implications for existing and novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virag Gehl
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sharma A, Kumar R, Varadwaj P. Developing human olfactory network and exploring olfactory receptor-odorant interaction. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8941-8960. [PMID: 36310099 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2138976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Olfactory receptor (OR)-odorant interactions are perplexed. ORs can bind to structurally diverse odorants associated with one or more odor percepts. Various attempts have been made to understand the intricacies of OR-odorant interaction. In this study, experimentally documented OR-odorant interactions are investigated comprehensively to; (a) suggest potential odor percepts for ORs based on the OR-OR network; (b) determine how odorants interacting with specific ORs differ in terms of inherent pharmacophoric features and molecular properties, (c) identify molecular interactions that explained OR-odorant interactions of selective ORs; and (d) predict the probable role of ORs other than olfaction. Human olfactory receptor network (hORnet) is developed to study possible odor percepts for ORs. We identified six molecular properties which showed variation and significant patterns to differentiate odorants binding with five ORs. The pharmacophore analysis revealed that odorants subset of five ORs follow similar pharmacophore hypothesis, (one hydrogen acceptor and two hydrophobic regions) but differ in terms of distance and orientation of pharmacophoric features. To ascertain the binding site residues and key interactions between the selected ORs and their interacting odorants, 3D-structure modelling, docking and molecular dynamics studies were carried out. Lastly, the potential role of ORs beyond olfaction is explored. A human OR-OR network was developed to suggest possible odor percepts for ORs using empirically proven OR-odorant interactions. We sought to find out significant characteristics, molecular properties, and molecular interactions that could explain OR-odorant interactions and add to the understanding of the complex issue of odor perception.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Sharma
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pritish Varadwaj
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Maher J. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy for Patients with Lung Cancer: Current Perspectives. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:515-532. [PMID: 37425981 PMCID: PMC10327905 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s341179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T-cells has achieved unprecedented efficacy in selected hematological cancers. However, solid tumors such as lung cancer impose several additional challenges to the attainment of clinical success using this emerging therapeutic modality. Lung cancer is the biggest cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 1.8 million deaths worldwide each year. Obstacles to the development of CAR T-cell immunotherapy for lung cancer include the selection of safe tumor-selective targets, accounting for the large number of candidates that have been evaluated thus far. Tumor heterogeneity is also a key hurdle, meaning that single target-based approaches are susceptible to therapeutic failure through the emergence of antigen null cancers. There is also a need to enable CAR T-cells to traffic efficiently to sites of disease, to infiltrate tumor deposits and to operate within the hostile tumor microenvironment formed by solid tumors, resisting the onset of exhaustion. Multiple immune, metabolic, physical and chemical barriers operate at the core of malignant lesions, with potential for further heterogeneity and evolution in the face of selective therapeutic pressures. Although the extraordinarily adaptable nature of lung cancers has recently been unmasked, immunotherapy using immune checkpoint blockade can achieve long-term disease control in a small number of patients, establishing clinical proof of concept that immunotherapies can control advanced lung carcinomas. This review summarizes pre-clinical CAR T-cell research that is specifically focused on lung cancer in addition to published and ongoing clinical trial activity. A number of advanced engineering strategies are also described which are designed to bridge the gap to the attainment of meaningful efficacy using genetically engineered T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maher
- King’s College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CAR Mechanics Lab, Guy’s Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Leucid Bio Ltd., Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, Kings Drive, Eastbourne, East Sussex, BN21 2UD, UK
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Li GS, Huang T, Zhou HF. Gene S-phase kinase associated protein 2 is a novel prognostic marker in human neoplasms. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:128. [PMID: 37308972 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoplasms are a series of diseases affecting human health. Prognostic and tumor status-related markers for various tumors should be identified. METHODS Based on 19,515 samples from multiple sources, for the first time, this study provided an overview of gene S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (SKP2) in pan-cancer. Differential SKP2 expression in multiple comparison groups was identified by the Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The prognosis significance of SKP2 in individuals with neoplasm was evaluated through univariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves. The area under the curve was utilized to detect the accuracy of SKP2 in predicting cancer status. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were calculated in all correlation analyses. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify essential signaling pathways of SKP2 in human neoplasms. RESULTS The study disclosed the upregulated SKP2 expression in 15 neoplasms and decreased SKP2 expression in three cancers (p < 0.05). The transcription factor Forkhead Box M1 may contribute to the increased expression levels of SKP2 in certain tumors. Over-expressed SKP2 represented a risk factor for the prognosis of most cancer patients (hazard ratio > 1, p < 0.05). SKP2 expression made it feasible to distinguish neoplasm and control tissues of 21 neoplasms (sensitivity = 0.79, specificity = 0.87, area under the curve = 0.90), implying its potential in screening a series of neoplasms. Further, the research revealed the close association of SKP2 expression with DNA methyltransferases, mismatch repair genes, microsatellite instability, tumor mutational burden, neoantigen count, and immunity. CONCLUSIONS SKP2 plays an essential role in multiple neoplasms and may serve as a marker for treating and identifying these neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Sheng Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hua-Fu Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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Guardia GDA, Naressi RG, Buzzato VC, da Costa JB, Zalcberg I, Ramires J, Malnic B, Gutiyama LM, Galante PAF. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Expresses a Specific Group of Olfactory Receptors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3073. [PMID: 37370684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults, with a 5-year overall survival rate of approximately 30%. Despite recent advances in therapeutic options, relapse remains the leading cause of death and poor survival outcomes. New drugs benefit specific small subgroups of patients with actionable therapeutic targets. Thus, finding new targets with greater applicability should be pursued. Olfactory receptors (ORs) are seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors preferentially expressed in sensory neurons with a critical role in recognizing odorant molecules. Recent studies have revealed ectopic expression and putative function of ORs in nonolfactory tissues and pathologies, including AML. Here, we investigated OR expression in 151 AML samples, 6400 samples of 15 other cancer types, and 11,200 samples of 51 types of healthy tissues. First, we identified 19 ORs with a distinct and major expression pattern in AML, which were experimentally validated by RT-PCR in an independent set of 13 AML samples, 13 healthy donors, and 8 leukemia cell lines. We also identified an OR signature with prognostic potential for AML patients. Finally, we found cancer-related genes coexpressed with the ORs in the AML samples. In summary, we conducted an extensive study to identify ORs that can be used as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of AML and as potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela D A Guardia
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaella G Naressi
- Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Buzzato
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana B da Costa
- Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ilana Zalcberg
- Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jordana Ramires
- Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bettina Malnic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Gutiyama
- Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Instituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro A F Galante
- Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil
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Handley KF, Mehta S, Martin AL, Biswas S, Maharaj K, Nagy MZ, Mine JA, Cortina C, Yu X, Sprenger K, Mandal G, Innamarato P, Powers JJ, Harro CM, Chaurio RA, Anadon CM, Shahzad MM, Flores I, Conejo-Garcia JR. Actionable spontaneous antibody responses antagonize malignant progression in ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 173:114-121. [PMID: 37121178 PMCID: PMC10701373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that shared antibody responses in endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer spontaneously antagonize malignant progression and can be leveraged to develop future immunotherapies. METHODS B cells from cyopreserved clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCC, n = 2), endometrioid ovarian carcinoma (EC, n = 2), and endometriomas (n = 2) were isolated, activated, and EBV-immortalized. Antibodies were purified from B cell supernatants and used for screening arrays containing most of the human proteome. Targets were prioritized based on accessibility (transmembrane or secreted proteins), expression in endometriosis and cancer, and concurrent IgA and IgG responses. We focused on antibodies targeting tumor-promoting syndecan binding protein (SDCBP) to demonstrate anti-tumor activity. Immunoblots and qPCR were performed to assess SDCBP expression in ovarian cancer and endometriosis cell lines and tumor samples. Recombinant IgG4 was generated using the variable heavy and light chains of dominant B cell receptors (BCRs) reacting against the extracellular domain of SDCBP, and used in in vivo studies in human CCC- and high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC)-bearing immunodeficient mice. RESULTS Nine accessible proteins detected by both IgA and IgG were identified in all samples - including SDCBP, which is expressed in ovarian carcinomas of multiple histologies. Administration of α-SDCBP IgG4 in OVCAR3 (HGSOC), TOV21G and RMG-I (CCC) tumor-bearing mice significantly decreased tumor volume compared to control irrelevant IgG4. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous antibody responses exert suboptimal but measurable immune pressure against malignant progression in ovarian carcinomas. Using tumor-derived antibodies for developing novel immunotherapeutics warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F Handley
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Sumit Mehta
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexandra L Martin
- Department of Clinical Science, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; University of Tennessee Health Science Center/West Cancer Clinic, Memphis, TN 38138, USA
| | - Subir Biswas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai-410210, India
| | - Kamira Maharaj
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mate Z Nagy
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jessica A Mine
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carla Cortina
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kimberly Sprenger
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Gunjan Mandal
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Division of Cancer Biology, DBT-Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar- 751023, India
| | - Patrick Innamarato
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - John J Powers
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Carly M Harro
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ricardo A Chaurio
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carmen M Anadon
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mian M Shahzad
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Idhaliz Flores
- Departments of Basic Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716, USA
| | - José R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Cancer Institute, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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11
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Abstract
Immuno-oncology has traditionally focused on the cellular arm of the adaptive immune response, while attributing tumor-promoting activity to humoral responses in tumor-bearing hosts. This view stems from mouse models that do not necessarily recapitulate the antibody response process consistently observed in most human cancers. In recent years, the field has reconsidered the coordinated action of T and B cell responses in the context of anti-tumor immunity, as in any other immune response. Thus, recent studies in human cancer identify B cell responses with better outcome, typically in association with superior T cell responses. An area of particular interest is tertiary lymphoid structures, where germinal centers produce isotype switched antibodies and B cells and T lymphocytes interact with other immune cell types. The presence of these lymphoid structures is associated with better immunotherapeutic responses and remain poorly understood. Here, we discuss recent discoveries on how coordination between humoral and cellular responses is required for effective immune pressure against malignant progression, providing a perspective on the role of tertiary lymphoid structures and interventions to elicit their formation in unresectable tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Subir Biswas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ricardo Chaurio
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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12
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Abstract
CAR T-cell therapy has transformed the treatment of hematological malignancies of the B cell lineage. However, the quest to fulfil the same promise for solid tumors is still in its infancy. This review summarizes some of the challenges that the field is trying to overcome for effective treatment of human carcinomas, including tumor heterogeneity, the paucity of truly tumor-specific targets, immunosuppression and metabolic restrictions at solid tumor beds, and defective T-cell trafficking. All these barriers are being currently investigated and, in some cases, targeted, by multiple independent groups. With clinical interventions against multiple human malignancies and different platforms under accelerated clinical development, the next few years will see an array of cellular therapies, including CAR T-cells, progressively becoming routine interventions to eliminate currently incurable diseases, as it happened with some hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jose A Guevara-Patino
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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13
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Qu C, Zhang H, Cao H, Tang L, Mo H, Liu F, Zhang L, Yi Z, Long L, Yan L, Wang Z, Zhang N, Luo P, Zhang J, Liu Z, Ye W, Liu Z, Cheng Q. Tumor buster - where will the CAR-T cell therapy 'missile' go? Mol Cancer 2022; 21:201. [PMID: 36261831 PMCID: PMC9580202 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy based on gene editing technology represents a significant breakthrough in personalized immunotherapy for human cancer. This strategy uses genetic modification to enable T cells to target tumor-specific antigens, attack specific cancer cells, and bypass tumor cell apoptosis avoidance mechanisms to some extent. This method has been extensively used to treat hematologic diseases, but the therapeutic effect in solid tumors is not ideal. Tumor antigen escape, treatment-related toxicity, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) limit their use of it. Target selection is the most critical aspect in determining the prognosis of patients receiving this treatment. This review provides a comprehensive summary of all therapeutic targets used in the clinic or shown promising potential. We summarize CAR-T cell therapies’ clinical trials, applications, research frontiers, and limitations in treating different cancers. We also explore coping strategies when encountering sub-optimal tumor-associated antigens (TAA) or TAA loss. Moreover, the importance of CAR-T cell therapy in cancer immunotherapy is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrun Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, The Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lanhua Tang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haoyang Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fangkun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenjie Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lifu Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Luzhe Yan
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,One-third Lab, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weijie Ye
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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