1
|
Bhat MF, Srdanović S, Sundberg LR, Einarsdóttir HK, Marjomäki V, Dekker FJ. Impact of HDAC inhibitors on macrophage polarization to enhance innate immunity against infections. Drug Discov Today 2024:104193. [PMID: 39332483 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Innate immunity plays an important role in host defense against pathogenic infections. It involves macrophage polarization into either the pro-inflammatory M1 or the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, influencing immune stimulation or suppression, respectively. Epigenetic changes during immune reactions contribute to long-term innate immunity imprinting on macrophage polarization. It is becoming increasingly evident that epigenetic modulators, such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACi), enable the enhancement of innate immunity by tailoring macrophage polarization in response to immune stressors. In this review, we summarize current literature on the impact of HDACi and other epigenetic modulators on the functioning of macrophages during diseases that have a strong immune component, such as infections. Depending on the disease context and the chosen therapeutic intervention, HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, or HDAC8 are particularly important in influencing macrophage polarization towards either M1 or M2 phenotypes. We anticipate that therapeutic strategies based on HDAC epigenetic mechanisms will provide a unique approach to boost immunity against disease challenges, including resistant infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faizan Bhat
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja Srdanović
- Akthelia Pharmaceuticals, Grandagardi 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lotta-Riina Sundberg
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40500, Finland
| | | | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40500, Finland
| | - Frank J Dekker
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Noonepalle SKR, Gracia-Hernandez M, Aghdam N, Berrigan M, Coulibaly H, Li X, Zevallos-Delgado C, Pletcher A, Weselman B, Palmer E, Knox T, Sotomayor E, Chiappinelli KB, Wardrop D, Horvath A, Shook BA, Lee N, Dritschilo A, Fernandes R, Musunuri K, Shibata M, Villagra A. Cell therapy using ex vivo reprogrammed macrophages enhances antitumor immune responses in melanoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:263. [PMID: 39272209 PMCID: PMC11401321 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage-based cell therapies have shown modest success in clinical trials, which can be attributed to their phenotypic plasticity, where transplanted macrophages get reprogrammed towards a pro-tumor phenotype. In most tumor types, including melanoma, the balance between antitumor M1-like and tumor-promoting M2-like macrophages is critical in defining the local immune response with a higher M1/M2 ratio favoring antitumor immunity. Therefore, designing novel strategies to increase the M1/M2 ratio in the TME has high clinical significance and benefits macrophage-based cell therapies. METHODS In this study, we reprogrammed antitumor and proinflammatory macrophages ex-vivo with HDAC6 inhibitors (HDAC6i). We administered the reprogrammed macrophages intratumorally as an adoptive cell therapy (ACT) in the syngeneic SM1 murine melanoma model and patient-derived xenograft bearing NSG-SGM3 humanized mouse models. We phenotyped the tumor-infiltrated immune cells by flow cytometry and histological analysis of tumor sections for macrophage markers. We performed bulk RNA-seq profiling of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages treated with vehicle or HDAC6i and single-cell RNA-seq profiling of SM1 tumor-infiltrated immune cells to determine the effect of intratumor macrophage ACT on the tumor microenvironment (TME). We further analyzed the single-cell data to identify key cell-cell interactions and trajectory analysis to determine the fate of tumor-associated macrophages post-ACT. RESULTS Macrophage ACT resulted in diminished tumor growth in both mouse models. We also demonstrated that HDAC6 inhibition in macrophages suppressed the polarization toward tumor-promoting phenotype by attenuating STAT3-mediated M2 reprogramming. Two weeks post-transplantation, ACT macrophages were viable, and inhibition of HDAC6 rendered intratumor transplanted M1 macrophages resistant to repolarization towards protumor M2 phenotype in-vivo. Further characterization of tumors by flow cytometry, single-cell transcriptomics, and single-cell secretome analyses revealed a significant enrichment of antitumor M1-like macrophages, resulting in increased M1/M2 ratio and infiltration of CD8 effector T-cells. Computational analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data for cell-cell interactions and trajectory analyses indicated activation of monocytes and T-cells in the TME. CONCLUSIONS In summary, for the first time, we demonstrated the potential of reprogramming macrophages ex-vivo with HDAC6 inhibitors as a viable macrophage cell therapy to treat solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Reddy Noonepalle
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, E416 Research Bldg, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | | | - Nima Aghdam
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, E416 Research Bldg, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | | | - Hawa Coulibaly
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, E416 Research Bldg, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Xintang Li
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, E416 Research Bldg, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | | | | | - Bryan Weselman
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, E416 Research Bldg, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Erica Palmer
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tessa Knox
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Brett A Shook
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Norman Lee
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anatoly Dritschilo
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, E416 Research Bldg, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | | | | | - Maho Shibata
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alejandro Villagra
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, E416 Research Bldg, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meng W, Li L, Hao Y, Tang M, Cao C, He J, Wang L, Cao B, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhu G. NAD+ Metabolism Reprogramming Mediates Irradiation-Induced Immunosuppressive Polarization of Macrophages. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024:S0360-3016(24)03176-6. [PMID: 39127084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.07.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation therapy stands as an important complementary treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), yet it does not invariably result in complete tumor regression. The infiltration of immunosuppressive macrophages is believed to mediate the radiation therapy resistance, whose mechanism remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the role of immunosuppressive macrophages during radiation therapy and the associated underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND MATERIALS Male C3H mice bearing syngeneic SCC-VII tumor received irradiation (2 × 8 Gy). The impact of irradiation on tumor-infiltrating macrophages was assessed. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were evaluated in differentiation, proliferation, migration, and inflammatory cytokines after treatment of irradiated tumor culture medium and irradiated tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (irTEVs). A comprehensive metabolomics profiling of the irTEVs was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, whereas key metabolites were investigated for their role in the mechanism of immunosuppression of macrophages in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Radiation therapy on SCC-VII syngeneic graft tumors increased polarization of both M1 and M2 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and drove infiltrated macrophages toward an immunosuppressive phenotype. Irradiation-induced polarization and immunosuppression of macrophages were dependent on irTEVs which delivered an increased amount of niacinamide (NAM) to macrophages. NAM directly bound to the nuclear factor kappa-B transcriptional activity regulator USP7, through which NAM reduced translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B into the nucleus, thereby decreasing the release of cytokines interleukin 6 and interleukin 8. Increased enzyme activity of NAM phosphoribosyl transferase which is the rate-limiting enzyme of NAD+ metabolism, contributed to the irradiation-induced accumulation levels of NAM in irradiated HNSCC and irTEVs. Inhibition of NAM phosphoribosyl transferase decreased NAM levels in irTEVs and increased radiation therapy sensitivity by alleviating the immunosuppressive function of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Radiation therapy could induce NAD+ metabolic reprogramming of HNSCC cells, which regulate macrophages toward an immunosuppressive phenotype. Pharmacologic targeting of NAD+ metabolism might be a promising strategy for radiation therapy sensitization of HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanrong Meng
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Li
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaying Hao
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Miaomiao Tang
- Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Cao
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialu He
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bangrong Cao
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- School of Computer Science, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Guiquan Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vuletić A, Mirjačić Martinović K, Spasić J. Role of Histone Deacetylase 6 and Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibition in Colorectal Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 38258065 PMCID: PMC10818982 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), by deacetylation of multiple substrates and association with interacting proteins, regulates many physiological processes that are involved in cancer development and invasiveness such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. Due to its ability to remove misfolded proteins, induce autophagy, and regulate unfolded protein response, HDAC6 plays a protective role in responses to stress and enables tumor cell survival. The scope of this review is to discuss the roles of HDCA6 and its implications for the therapy of colorectal cancer (CRC). As HDAC6 is overexpressed in CRC, correlates with poor disease prognosis, and is not essential for normal mammalian development, it represents a good therapeutic target. Selective inhibition of HDAC6 impairs growth and progression without inducing major adverse events in experimental animals. In CRC, HDAC6 inhibitors have shown the potential to reduce tumor progression and enhance the therapeutic effect of other drugs. As HDAC6 is involved in the regulation of immune responses, HDAC6 inhibitors have shown the potential to improve antitumor immunity by increasing the immunogenicity of tumor cells, augmenting immune cell activity, and alleviating immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, HDAC6 inhibitors may represent promising candidates to improve the effect of and overcome resistance to immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vuletić
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Katarina Mirjačić Martinović
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelena Spasić
- Clinic for Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| |
Collapse
|