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López de Sá A, Díaz-Tejeiro C, Poyatos-Racionero E, Nieto-Jiménez C, Paniagua-Herranz L, Sanvicente A, Calvo E, Pérez-Segura P, Moreno V, Moris F, Ocana A. Considerations for the design of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) for clinical development: lessons learned. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:118. [PMID: 38087293 PMCID: PMC10717055 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy that has successfully reached patient treatment in different clinical scenarios. ADCs are formed by an antibody against a specific tumor-associated antigen (TAA), a cytotoxic payload, and a chemical linker that binds both. To this regard, most efforts have been focused on target identification, antibody design and linker optimization, but other relevant aspects for clinical development have not received the necessary attention. In this article using data from approved ADCs, we evaluated all characteristics of these agents, including payload physicochemical properties, in vitro potency, drug antibody ratio (DAR), exposure-response relationships, and clinical development strategies. We suggest that compounds with best options for clinical development include those with optimal payload physicochemical properties and cleavable linkers that would lead to a bystander effect. These modalities can facilitate the development of ADCs in indications with low expression of the TAA. Early clinical development strategies including changes in the schedule of administration with more frequent doses are also discussed in the context of an efficient strategy. In conclusion, we highlight relevant aspects that are needed for the optimal development of ADCs in cancer, proposing options for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso López de Sá
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Díaz-Tejeiro
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Nieto-Jiménez
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Paniagua-Herranz
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Sanvicente
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emiliano Calvo
- START Madrid-HM Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Early Phase Program, HM Sanchinarro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Pérez-Segura
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Moreno
- START Madrid-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FJD) Early Phase Program, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Ocana
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
- Experimental Therapeutics in Cancer Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
- START Madrid-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FJD) Early Phase Program, Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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