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Ferrarotto R, Mitani Y, Diao L, Guijarro I, Wang J, Zweidler-McKay P, Bell D, William WN, Glisson BS, Wick MJ, Kapoun AM, Patnaik A, Eckhardt G, Munster P, Faoro L, Dupont J, Lee JJ, Futreal A, El-Naggar AK, Heymach JV. Activating NOTCH1 Mutations Define a Distinct Subgroup of Patients With Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Who Have Poor Prognosis, Propensity to Bone and Liver Metastasis, and Potential Responsiveness to Notch1 Inhibitors. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.67.5264 pmid:278705702017-01-20]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) represent a heterogeneous group of chemotherapy refractory tumors, with a subset demonstrating an aggressive phenotype. We investigated the molecular underpinnings of this phenotype and assessed the Notch1 pathway as a potential therapeutic target. Methods We genotyped 102 ACCs that had available pathologic and clinical data. Notch1 activation was assessed by immunohistochemistry for Notch1 intracellular domain. Luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm Notch1 target gene expression in vitro. The Notch1 inhibitor brontictuzumab was tested in patient-derived xenografts from patients with ACC and in a patient with ACC who was enrolled in a phase I study. Results NOTCH1 mutations occurred predominantly (14 of 15 patients) in the negative regulatory region and Pro-Glu-Ser-Thr–rich domains, the same two hotspots seen in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias, and led to pathway activation in vitro. NOTCH1-mutant tumors demonstrated significantly higher levels of Notch1 pathway activation than wild-type tumors on the basis of Notch1 intracellular domain staining ( P = .004). NOTCH1 mutations define a distinct aggressive ACC subgroup with a significantly higher likelihood of solid subtype ( P < .001), advanced-stage disease at diagnosis ( P = .02), higher rate of liver and bone metastasis ( P ≤ .02), shorter relapse-free survival (median, 13 v 34 months; P = .01), and shorter overall survival (median 30 v 122 months; P = .001) when compared with NOTCH1 wild-type tumors. Significant tumor growth inhibition with brontictuzumab was observed exclusively in the ACC patient-derived xenograft model that harbored a NOTCH1 activating mutation. Furthermore, an index patient with NOTCH1-mutant ACC had a partial response to brontictuzumab. Conclusion NOTCH1 mutations define a distinct disease phenotype characterized by solid histology, liver and bone metastasis, poor prognosis, and potential responsiveness to Notch1 inhibitors. Clinical studies targeting Notch1 in a genotype-defined ACC subgroup are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ferrarotto
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Yoshitsugu Mitani
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Lixia Diao
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Irene Guijarro
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Jing Wang
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Patrick Zweidler-McKay
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Diana Bell
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - William N. William
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Bonnie S. Glisson
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Michael J. Wick
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Ann M. Kapoun
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Amita Patnaik
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Gail Eckhardt
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Pamela Munster
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Leonardo Faoro
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Jakob Dupont
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - J. Jack Lee
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - Adel K. El-Naggar
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
| | - John V. Heymach
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California
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Ferrarotto R, Mitani Y, Diao L, Guijarro I, Wang J, Zweidler-McKay P, Bell D, William WN, Glisson BS, Wick MJ, Kapoun AM, Patnaik A, Eckhardt G, Munster P, Faoro L, Dupont J, Lee JJ, Futreal A, El-Naggar AK, Heymach JV. Activating NOTCH1 Mutations Define a Distinct Subgroup of Patients With Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Who Have Poor Prognosis, Propensity to Bone and Liver Metastasis, and Potential Responsiveness to Notch1 Inhibitors. J Clin Oncol 2016; 35:352-360. [PMID: 27870570 PMCID: PMC5456373 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.67.5264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) represent a heterogeneous group of chemotherapy refractory tumors, with a subset demonstrating an aggressive phenotype. We investigated the molecular underpinnings of this phenotype and assessed the Notch1 pathway as a potential therapeutic target. Methods We genotyped 102 ACCs that had available pathologic and clinical data. Notch1 activation was assessed by immunohistochemistry for Notch1 intracellular domain. Luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm Notch1 target gene expression in vitro. The Notch1 inhibitor brontictuzumab was tested in patient-derived xenografts from patients with ACC and in a patient with ACC who was enrolled in a phase I study. Results NOTCH1 mutations occurred predominantly (14 of 15 patients) in the negative regulatory region and Pro-Glu-Ser-Thr-rich domains, the same two hotspots seen in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias, and led to pathway activation in vitro. NOTCH1-mutant tumors demonstrated significantly higher levels of Notch1 pathway activation than wild-type tumors on the basis of Notch1 intracellular domain staining ( P = .004). NOTCH1 mutations define a distinct aggressive ACC subgroup with a significantly higher likelihood of solid subtype ( P < .001), advanced-stage disease at diagnosis ( P = .02), higher rate of liver and bone metastasis ( P ≤ .02), shorter relapse-free survival (median, 13 v 34 months; P = .01), and shorter overall survival (median 30 v 122 months; P = .001) when compared with NOTCH1 wild-type tumors. Significant tumor growth inhibition with brontictuzumab was observed exclusively in the ACC patient-derived xenograft model that harbored a NOTCH1 activating mutation. Furthermore, an index patient with NOTCH1-mutant ACC had a partial response to brontictuzumab. Conclusion NOTCH1 mutations define a distinct disease phenotype characterized by solid histology, liver and bone metastasis, poor prognosis, and potential responsiveness to Notch1 inhibitors. Clinical studies targeting Notch1 in a genotype-defined ACC subgroup are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ferrarotto
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Yoshitsugu Mitani
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Lixia Diao
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Irene Guijarro
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Jing Wang
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Patrick Zweidler-McKay
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Diana Bell
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - William N William
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Bonnie S Glisson
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Michael J Wick
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Ann M Kapoun
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Amita Patnaik
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Gail Eckhardt
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Pamela Munster
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Leonardo Faoro
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Jakob Dupont
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - J Jack Lee
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | - John V Heymach
- Renata Ferrarotto, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Lixia Diao, Irene Guijarro, Jing Wang, Patrick Zweidler-McKay, Diana Bell, William N. William Jr, Bonnie S. Glisson, J. Jack Lee, Andrew Futreal, Adel K. El-Naggar, and John V. Heymach, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Michael J. Wick and Amita Patnaik, South Texas Accelerated Research Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX; Ann M. Kapoun, Leonardo Faoro, and Jakob Dupont, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Redwood City; Pamela Munster, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Gail Eckhardt, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Denver, CO
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