1
|
Nguyen PHD, Jayasinghe MK, Le AH, Peng B, Le MTN. Advances in Drug Delivery Systems Based on Red Blood Cells and Their Membrane-Derived Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5187-5210. [PMID: 36896898 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) and RBC membrane-derived nanoparticles have been historically developed as bioinspired drug delivery systems to combat the issues of premature clearance, toxicity, and immunogenicity of synthetic nanocarriers. RBC-based delivery systems possess characteristics including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and long circulation time, which make them suited for systemic administration. Therefore, they have been employed in designing optimal drug formulations in various preclinical models and clinical trials to treat a wide range of diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the biology, synthesis, and characterization of drug delivery systems based on RBCs and their membrane including whole RBCs, RBC membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles, RBC-derived extracellular vesicles, and RBC hitchhiking. We also highlight conventional and latest engineering strategies, along with various therapeutic modalities, for enhanced precision and effectiveness of drug delivery. Additionally, we focus on the current state of RBC-based therapeutic applications and their clinical translation as drug carriers, as well as discussing opportunities and challenges associated with these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Hoang Diem Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Immunology Programme, Cancer Programme and Nanomedicine Translational Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Migara Kavishka Jayasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Immunology Programme, Cancer Programme and Nanomedicine Translational Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Anh Hong Le
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Immunology Programme, Cancer Programme and Nanomedicine Translational Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Boya Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Immunology Programme, Cancer Programme and Nanomedicine Translational Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Minh T N Le
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Immunology Programme, Cancer Programme and Nanomedicine Translational Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leveraging STING, Batf3 Dendritic Cells, CXCR3 Ligands, and Other Components Related to Innate Immunity to Induce A "Hot" Tumor Microenvironment That Is Responsive to Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102458. [PMID: 35626062 PMCID: PMC9139434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In a T-cell-inflamed phenotype, tumor eradication works best and is potentiated by immunotherapy such as checkpoint blockade. However, a majority of patients die despite receiving immunotherapy. One reason is insufficient T cell priming and infiltration in the tumor. Nature provides us with innate immune mechanisms in T-cell-inflamed tumors that we can adopt for more personalized immunotherapy strategies. Tumor sensing through innate signaling pathways and efficient antigen-presenting possess a significant role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity and generating a T-cell-inflamed tumor. One approach to strengthen these innate immune mechanisms is to deliver innate immune factors such as STING or activated DCs into the tumor microenvironment, in particular in patients resistant to checkpoint blockade. The low number of DCs in the tumor bed could potentially be increased with the growth factor FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L). CD103+ DCs are integral for three phases of anti-tumor immunity: priming, recruiting, and re-invigoration of effector T cells. Re-activation of dysfunctional T cells is achieved via co-stimulatory molecules such as the 4-1BB ligand. The presence of myeloid-cell-derived CXCL9 and CXCL10 in the tumor microenvironment can predict response to immunotherapy. We outline recent preclinical and clinical approaches to deliver these crucial components bridging innate and adaptive immunity into the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
|