1
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Identification of CXCR4 Upregulation in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Associated with Prognostic Significance and Clinicopathological Characteristics. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3276925. [PMID: 35774848 PMCID: PMC9239773 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3276925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous malignant lymphoma with distinct characteristics. Patients with treatment failure after the standard immunochemotherapy have worse prognosis, which implies the necessity to uncover novel targets. The C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) overexpression has been identified in several hematopoietic malignancies. However, the expression signatures and prognostic significance of CXCR4 in DLBCL associated with clinicopathological features remain unclear. Methods Gene expression profiles of DLBCL were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Then, a meta-analysis with an integrated bioinformatic analysis was performed to assess the relationship between CXCR4 expression and clinicopathological features of DLBCL. Finally, experimental verification including immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was carried out using patient samples. In vitro cell line viability tests were conducted using CXCR4 inhibitor WZ811. Results DLBCL patients with activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype have higher expression level of CXCR4 with worse survival. Differential expressed genes in the CXCR4-upregulation group were enriched in canonical pathways associated with oncogenesis. DLBCL with CXCR4 upregulation had lower degree of CD8+ T cell infiltration. TIMER analysis demonstrated that the CXCR4 expression was positively correlated with the expression of CD5, MYC, NOTCH1, PDCD1, CD274, mTOR, FOXO1, and hnRNPA2B1 in DLBCL. IHC study in patient samples showed the positive correlation between CXCR4 and nongerminal center B-cell (non-GCB) subtype and mTOR expression. Meanwhile, quantitative polymerase chain reaction results revealed that high CXCR4 mRNA level was correlated to double-hit DLBCL. Finally, cell viability test showed that WZ811 exerted antiproliferation effect in DLBCL cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion CXCR4 was upregulated in ABC-DLBCL associated with worse prognosis. Our analysis predicted CXCR4 as a potential target for DLBCL treatment, which may serve as an inhibitor both on BCR signaling and nuclear export warranting further investigation in clinical trials.
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2
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Oh SI, Jeong H, Park HS, Choi KA, Hwang I, Lee J, Cho J, Hong S. Activation of CXCL12-CXCR4 signalling induces conversion of immortalised embryonic kidney cells into cancer stem-like cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 48:1303-1313. [PMID: 33150801 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1841783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been implicated in the growth and progression of several types of human cancer. The technology to derive and establish CSCs in vitro could be a critical tool for understanding cancer and developing new therapeutic targets. In this study, we derived expandable CD15+ induced CSCs (iCSCs) from immortalised 293FT human epithelial cells by co-culture with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) as feeder cells in vitro. The iCSCs converted through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition program acquired mesenchymal traits, the expression of stem cell markers, and epigenetic changes. Moreover, the iCSCs not only efficiently formed tumorspheres in vitro but also initiated tumours in immunocompromised mice injected with only 10 of the iCSCs. Furthermore, we showed that the expression of the chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 by the iCSCs resulted in the activation of the Fut4 gene through CXCR4/ERK/ELK-1-signalling pathways and the maintenance of the iCSCs in the undifferentiated state through CXCR4/AKT/STAT3-signalling. These findings suggest that immortalised 293FT cells may acquire potential oncogenicity through molecular and cellular alteration processes in microenvironments using BM-MSCs, and could represent a valuable in vitro model as a cancer stem cell surrogate for studying the pathophysiological properties of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ick Oh
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesun Jeong
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Public Health Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Soo Park
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Choi
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insik Hwang
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghee Cho
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoi Hong
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Public Health Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Cun Y, Diao B, Zhang Z, Wang G, Yu J, Ma L, Rao Z. Role of the stromal cell derived factor-1 in the biological functions of endothelial progenitor cells and its underlying mechanisms. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:39. [PMID: 33273969 PMCID: PMC7706408 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a chemokine that plays a critical role in the homing of stem and progenitor cells, including endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). However, little research has been undertaken to evaluate the roles of SDF-1 in the biological functions of EPCs and related signaling pathways. The present study aimed to investigate the biological functions of EPCs in response to SDF-1, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The effects of SDF-1 treatment on EPC proliferation, migration and tube formation were assessed by performing MTS, Transwell and in vitro tube formation assays, respectively. The phosphorylation status of Akt and ERK was evaluated by western blotting. The present results indicated that SDF-1 treatment enhanced EPC proliferation, migration and tube formation compared with the control group. Furthermore, SDF-1-induced EPC proliferation was significantly reduced following treatment with a C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 antagonist (AMD3100), a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor (MEK; PD98059). SDF-1-induced migration and angiogenesis were significantly suppressed by the PI3K inhibitor, but not the MEK inhibitor. Moreover, SDF-1 significantly increased the protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-Akt and p-ERK; however, SDF-1-induced effects on protein expression were suppressed by AMD3100, LY294002 and PD98059. Thus, SDF-1-induced EPC proliferation was mediated by activation of the Akt and ERK signaling pathways, whereas SDF-1-mediated EPC migration and tube formation only involved activation of the Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Cun
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Bo Diao
- Department of Clinical Experiment, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Clinical Experiment, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Experiment, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Lianting Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Rao
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
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4
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Basuli F, Zhang X, Phelps TE, Jagoda EM, Choyke PL, Swenson RE. Automated Synthesis of Fluorine-18 Labeled CXCR4 Ligand via the Conjugation with Nicotinic Acid N-Hydroxysuccinimide Ester (6-[ 18F]SFPy). Molecules 2020; 25:E3924. [PMID: 32867358 PMCID: PMC7504725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor that is overexpressed in numerous diseases, particularly in various cancers and is a powerful chemokine, attracting cells to the bone marrow niche. Therefore, CXCR4 is an attractive target for imaging and therapeutic purposes. The goal of this study is to develop an efficient, reproducible, and straightforward method to prepare a fluorine-18 labeled CXCR4 ligand. 6-[18F]Fluoronicotinic acid-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester (6-[18F]FPy-TFP) and nicotinic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (6-[18F]SFPy) have been prepared using 'fluorination on the Sep-Pak' method. Conjugation of 6-[18F]SFPy or 6-[18F]FPy-TFP with the alpha-amino group at the N terminus of the protected T140 precursor followed by deprotection, yielded the final product 6-[18F]FPy-T140. The overall radiochemical yields were 6-17% (n = 15, decay-corrected) in a 90-min radiolabeling time with a radiochemical purity >99%. 6-[18F]FPy-T140 exhibited high specific binding and nanomolar affinity for CXCR4 in vitro, indicating that the biological activity of the peptide was preserved. For the first time, [18F]SFPy has been prepared using 'fluorination on the Sep-Pak' method that allows rapid automated synthesis of 6-[18F]FPy-T140. In addition to increased synthetic efficiency, this construct binds with CXCR4 in high affinity and may have potential as an in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agent. This radiosynthesis method should encourage wider use of this PET agent to quantify CXCR4 in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; (X.Z.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; (X.Z.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Tim E. Phelps
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (T.E.P.); (E.M.J.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Elaine M. Jagoda
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (T.E.P.); (E.M.J.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (T.E.P.); (E.M.J.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; (X.Z.); (R.E.S.)
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5
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Wang HF, Dong ZY, Yan L, Yang S, Xu HN, Chen SL, Wang WR, Yang QL, Chen CJ. The N-terminal polypeptide derived from vMIP-II exerts its antitumor activity in human breast cancer through CXCR4/miR-7-5p/Skp2 pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9474-9486. [PMID: 32372405 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence in women of the world. CXCR4 and Skp2 are highly expressed in breast cancer cells and CXCR4 was positively correlated with Skp2 by interference or overexpression. The microRNA array was used to detect the differentially expressed spectrum of micro RNAs in breast cancer cells the changes of miR-7-5p after CXCR4 inhibitor (NT21MP) treatment to block the CXCR4/SDF-1 pathway was founded. MiR-7-5p has been found to be correlated with Skp2 in various tumors in the literature, and Skp2 expression can be regulated by transfection with miR-7-5p mimics or inhibitors. The expression level of miR-7-5p was upregulated or downregulated after CXCR4 interference or overexpression. Combined with the correlation between CXCR4 and miR-7-5p in the chip results, CXCR4 may regulate Skp2 through miR-7-5p. Epithelial cells have the morphological characteristics of mesenchymal cells for some reason called epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). Transfection of miR-7-5p mimics into drug-resistant cells reduced Skp2 levels, decreased the expression of Vimentin, Snail, and slug, and increased the expression of E-cadherin. CXCR4 inhibitor (NT21MP) can reverse the EMT changes caused by miR-7-5p inhibitor. Similarly, in vivo results suggesting that CXCR4 inhibitors can reverse the EMT phenotype of drug-resistant breast cancer cells through the CXCR4/miR-7-5p/Skp2 pathway. In summary, the CXCR4/miR-7-5p/Skp2 signaling pathway plays an important role in the progression of breast cancer. This study provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of breast cancer by targeting the CXCR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huaibei City People's Hospital, Huaibei, Anhui, China
| | - Zheng-Yuan Dong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - He-Nan Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Su-Lian Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Wen-Rui Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Qing-Ling Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Chang-Jie Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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6
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O'Hara MH, Messersmith W, Kindler H, Zhang W, Pitou C, Szpurka AM, Wang D, Peng SB, Vangerow B, Khan AA, Koneru M, Wang-Gillam A. Safety and Pharmacokinetics of CXCR4 Peptide Antagonist, LY2510924, in Combination with Durvalumab in Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors. J Pancreat Cancer 2020; 6:21-31. [PMID: 32219196 PMCID: PMC7097682 DOI: 10.1089/pancan.2019.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This was an open-label phase 1a study assessing the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and tolerability of CXCR4 peptide antagonist, LY2510924, administered in combination with durvalumab in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors. Methods: Patients received LY2510924 at 20, 30, or 40 mg subcutaneous (SC) once daily in combination with durvalumab at 1500 mg intravenously (IV) on day 1 of each 28-day cycle. The primary objective was to assess the MTD and safety of LY2510924 SC daily in combination with durvalumab in patients with advanced (metastatic and/or unresectable) solid tumors. Secondary objectives included pharmacokinetics (PK) and the antitumor activity of LY2510924 in combination with durvalumab. Exploratory objectives were biomarker analysis, including pharmacodynamic markers, relevant to LY2510924 and durvalumab, including immune functioning, drug targets, cancer-related pathways, and the disease state. Results: Nine patients (three each at 20, 30, and 40 mg) were enrolled in the study (eight patients with pancreatic cancer and one patient with rectal cancer). The majority of patients completed one or two cycles (100.0% ≥ 1 cycle; 88.9% ≥ 2 cycles) of LY2510924 and durvalumab. No dose limiting toxicities were reported. Most common (>10%) treatment-emergent adverse events were injection-site reaction (44.4%), fatigue (33.3%), and increased white blood cell count (33.3%). PK parameters for combination were similar to those reported in previous studies when given as monotherapy. Best overall response of stable disease was observed in four (44.4%) patients and one patient had unconfirmed partial response. Conclusion: The recommended phase 2 dose is 40 mg SC once-daily LY2510924 in combination with durvalumab 1500 mg IV and showed acceptable safety and tolerability in patients with advanced refractory tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H O'Hara
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wells Messersmith
- Medicine-Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Hedy Kindler
- Gastrointestinal Oncology, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wei Zhang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Celine Pitou
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dan Wang
- Formerly with Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | - Mythili Koneru
- Formerly with Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Andrea Wang-Gillam
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri
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7
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Mousavi A. CXCL12/CXCR4 signal transduction in diseases and its molecular approaches in targeted-therapy. Immunol Lett 2019; 217:91-115. [PMID: 31747563 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are small molecules called "chemotactic cytokines" and regulate many processes like leukocyte trafficking, homing of immune cells, maturation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, physiology, migration during development, and host immune responses. These proteins bind to their corresponding 7-membrane G-protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines and their receptors are anti-inflammatory factors in autoimmune conditions, so consider as potential targets for neutralization in such diseases. They also express by cancer cells and function as angiogenic factors, and/or survival/growth factors that enhance tumor angiogenesis and development. Among chemokines, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis has significantly been studied in numerous cancers and autoimmune diseases. CXCL12 is a homeostatic chemokine, which is acts as an anti-inflammatory chemokine during autoimmune inflammatory responses. In cancer cells, CXCL12 acts as an angiogenic, proliferative agent and regulates tumor cell apoptosis as well. CXCR4 has a role in leukocyte chemotaxis in inflammatory situations in numerous autoimmune diseases, as well as the high levels of CXCR4, observed in different types of human cancers. These findings suggest CXCL12/CXCR4 as a potential therapeutic target for therapy of autoimmune diseases and open a new approach to targeted-therapy of cancers by neutralizing CXCL12 and CXCR4. In this paper, we reviewed the current understanding of the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in disease pathology and cancer biology, and discuss its therapeutic implications in cancer and diseases.
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8
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Xi Y, Qi Z, Ma J, Chen Y. PTEN loss activates a functional AKT/CXCR4 signaling axis to potentiate tumor growth and lung metastasis in human osteosarcoma cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 37:173-185. [PMID: 31571016 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN or activation of chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been demonstrated to associate with OS respectively. However, the signaling mechanism underlying PTEN-mediated antitumor effect remains largely unknown, and the crosstalk between PTEN and CXCR4 in OS has not been investigated. Here, we uncover a PTEN/AKT/CXCR4 pathway nexus in highly tumorigenic and metastatic human 143B OS cells. Loss of PTEN activates AKT/CXCR4 signaling axis and regulates a series of tumor cell behaviors. Notably, ERK is inversely regulated by PTEN and its activation occurs downstream of AKT but upstream of CXCR4, suggesting this kinase to be an important mediator between AKT and CXCR4. In vivo studies show that overexpression of PTEN dramatically attenuates bone destruction, and this inhibition is associated with reduced CXCR4 expression in tumors. CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 also markedly suppresses tumor growth in the bone. In addition, PTEN overexpression or AMD3100 substantially inhibits tumor expansion in the lung. Our studies highlight a novel PTEN/AKT/CXCR4 signaling nexus in OS tumor growth and lung metastasis, and provide a strong rationale to consider PTEN restoration or CXCR4 blockade for the treatment of aggressive OS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Xi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zonghua Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinfeng Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Division in Signaling Biology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Rm 13-301, TMDT Bldg, 101 College St., Toronto, Canada.
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9
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Yao X, Ning LJ, He SK, Cui J, Hu RN, Zhang Y, Zhang YJ, Luo JC, Ding W, Qin TW. Stem Cell Extracellular Matrix-Modified Decellularized Tendon Slices Facilitate the Migration of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4485-4495. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Zhou W, Guo S, Liu M, Burow ME, Wang G. Targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis in Tumor Immunotherapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3026-3041. [PMID: 28875842 PMCID: PMC5949083 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170830111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, which have chemotactic abilities, are comprised of a family of small cytokines with 8-10 kilodaltons. Chemokines work in immune cells by trafficking and regulating cell proliferation, migration, activation, differentiation, and homing. CXCR-4 is an alpha-chemokine receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1, also known as CXCL12), which has been found to be expressed in more than 23 different types of cancers. Recently, the SDF-1/CXCR-4 signaling pathway has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for human tumor because of its critical role in tumor initiation and progression by activating multiple signaling pathways, such as ERK1/2, ras, p38 MAPK, PLC/ MAPK, and SAPK/ JNK, as well as regulating cancer stem cells. CXCL12/CXCR4 antagonists have been produced, which have shown encouraging results in anti-cancer activity. Here, we provide a brief overview of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis as a molecular target for cancer treatment. We also review the potential utility of targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in combination of immunotherapy and/or chemotherapy based on up-to-date literature and ongoing research progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No.146 North Huanghe St, Huanggu District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110034, P. R. China
| | - Shanchun Guo
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Mingli Liu
- Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Guangdi Wang
- RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
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11
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Yaacob EN, De Geest BG, Goethals J, Bajek A, Dierckens K, Bossier P, Vanrompay D. Recombinant ferritin-H induces immunosuppression in European sea bass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax) rather than immunostimulation and protection against a Vibrio anguillarum infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 204:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Yang J, Kumar A, Vilgelm AE, Chen SC, Ayers GD, Novitskiy SV, Joyce S, Richmond A. Loss of CXCR4 in Myeloid Cells Enhances Antitumor Immunity and Reduces Melanoma Growth through NK Cell and FASL Mechanisms. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1186-1198. [PMID: 30108045 PMCID: PMC6170679 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor, CXCR4, is involved in cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Several promising CXCR4 antagonists have been shown to halt tumor metastasis in preclinical studies, and clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of these agents in patients with cancer are ongoing. However, the impact of targeting CXCR4 specifically on immune cells is not clear. Here, we demonstrate that genetic deletion of CXCR4 in myeloid cells (CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ) enhances the antitumor immune response, resulting in significantly reduced melanoma tumor growth. Moreover, CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ mice exhibited slowed tumor progression compared with CXCR4WT mice in an inducible melanocyte BrafV600E/Pten -/- mouse model. The percentage of Fas ligand (FasL)-expressing myeloid cells was reduced in CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ mice as compared with myeloid cells from CXCR4WT mice. In contrast, there was an increased percentage of natural killer (NK) cells expressing FasL in tumors growing in CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ mice. NK cells from CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ mice also exhibited increased tumor cell killing capacity in vivo, based on clearance of NK-sensitive Yac-1 cells. NK cell-mediated killing of Yac-1 cells occurred in a FasL-dependent manner, which was partially dependent upon the presence of CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ neutrophils. Furthermore, enhanced NK cell activity in CXCR4MyeΔ/Δ mice was also associated with increased production of IL18 by specific leukocyte subpopulations. These data suggest that CXCR4-mediated signals from myeloid cells suppress NK cell-mediated tumor surveillance and thereby enhance tumor growth. Systemic delivery of a peptide antagonist of CXCR4 to tumor-bearing CXCR4WT mice resulted in enhanced NK-cell activation and reduced tumor growth, supporting potential clinical implications for CXCR4 antagonism in some cancers. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(10); 1186-98. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Yang
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee., Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amrendra Kumar
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anna E. Vilgelm
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gregory D. Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee,Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Sebastian Joyce
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ann Richmond
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. .,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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13
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CXCR3 expression in colorectal cancer cells enhanced invasion through preventing CXCR4 internalization. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:162-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Boddu P, Borthakur G, Koneru M, Huang X, Naqvi K, Wierda W, Bose P, Jabbour E, Estrov Z, Burger J, Alvarado Y, Deshmukh A, Patel A, Cavazos A, Han L, Cortes JE, Kantarjian H, Andreeff M, Konopleva M. Initial Report of a Phase I Study of LY2510924, Idarubicin, and Cytarabine in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2018; 8:369. [PMID: 30319961 PMCID: PMC6167965 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The CXCR4/SDF-1α axis plays a vital role in the retention of stem cells within the bone marrow and downstream activation of cell survival signaling pathways. LY2510924, a second generation CXCR4, showed significant anti-leukemia activity in a murine AML model. Methods: We conducted a phase I study to determine the safety and toxicity of LY2510924, idarubicin and cytarabine (IA) combination therapy in relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML. Eligible patients were 18–70 years of age receiving up to salvage 3 therapy. A peripheral blood absolute blast count of < 20,000/μL was required for inclusion. LY2510924 was administered daily for 7 days followed by IA from day 8. Two dose escalation levels (10 and 20 mg) were evaluated, with a plan to enroll up to 12 patients in the phase I portion. Results: The median age of the enrolled patients (n = 11) was 55 years (range, 19–70). Median number of prior therapies was 1 (1–3). Six and five patients were treated at dose-levels “0” (10 mg) and “1” (20 mg), respectively. Only one patient experiencing a dose limiting toxicity (grade 3 rash and myelosuppression). Three and one complete responses were observed at dose-levels “0” and “1,” respectively; the overall response rate (ORR) was 36% (4 of 11 patients). A ≥ 50% decrease in CXCR4 mean fluorescence intensity was observed in 4 of 9 patients by flow cytometry, indicating incomplete suppression of CXCR4-receptor occupancy. Conclusions: The combination of LY2510924 with IA is safe in R/R AML. Dose-escalation to a 30 mg LY2510924 dose is planned to achieve complete blockade of CXCR4 receptor occupancy, followed by expansion phase at the recommended phase 2 dose-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajwal Boddu
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Xuelin Huang
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kiran Naqvi
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jan Burger
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yesid Alvarado
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - April Deshmukh
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ami Patel
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antonio Cavazos
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lina Han
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jorge E Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Karim ME, Tha KK, Othman I, Borhan Uddin M, Chowdhury EH. Therapeutic Potency of Nanoformulations of siRNAs and shRNAs in Animal Models of Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E65. [PMID: 29861465 PMCID: PMC6026921 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA Interference (RNAi) has brought revolutionary transformations in cancer management in the past two decades. RNAi-based therapeutics including siRNA and shRNA have immense scope to silence the expression of mutant cancer genes specifically in a therapeutic context. Although tremendous progress has been made to establish catalytic RNA as a new class of biologics for cancer management, a lot of extracellular and intracellular barriers still pose a long-lasting challenge on the way to clinical approval. A series of chemically suitable, safe and effective viral and non-viral carriers have emerged to overcome physiological barriers and ensure targeted delivery of RNAi. The newly invented carriers, delivery techniques and gene editing technology made current treatment protocols stronger to fight cancer. This review has provided a platform about the chronicle of siRNA development and challenges of RNAi therapeutics for laboratory to bedside translation focusing on recent advancement in siRNA delivery vehicles with their limitations. Furthermore, an overview of several animal model studies of siRNA- or shRNA-based cancer gene therapy over the past 15 years has been presented, highlighting the roles of genes in multiple cancers, pharmacokinetic parameters and critical evaluation. The review concludes with a future direction for the development of catalytic RNA vehicles and design strategies to make RNAi-based cancer gene therapy more promising to surmount cancer gene delivery challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Emranul Karim
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kyi Kyi Tha
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Borhan Uddin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ezharul Hoque Chowdhury
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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16
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Xu C, Zheng L, Li D, Chen G, Gu J, Chen J, Yao Q. CXCR4 overexpression is correlated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2018; 208:333-340. [PMID: 29719205 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Colorectal cancer threatens human health due to its high mortality resulting from metastatic progression. The expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is absent or low in most healthy tissues but high in various types of tumours. In this study, we aim to determine the prognostic significance of CXCR4 in colorectal cancer. MAIN METHODS We retrospectively examined a total of 72 tissue samples, that qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the expression of CXCR4 as well as univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the overall survival. KEY FINDINGS Our data demonstrated that CXCR4 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.049), histological differentiation (P = 0.01), distant metastasis (P = 0.02) and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) index (P = 0.0002). However, CXCR4 expression was not associated with age, sex, tumour diameter or depth of invasion. Furthermore, both univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that CXCR4 was an independent factor in predicting unfavourable overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.188; 95% confidence interval, 0.038-0.757). SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, our findings suggest that CXCR4 might contribute to clinical tumour progression and may be a valuable prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Linfeng Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Dechuan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Jianzhong Gu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Traditional Medical University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Yinzhou Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China.
| | - Qinghua Yao
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China.
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17
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Liu XQ, Tang RZ. Localized delivery of chemokine for in vitro manipulation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell behaviors during the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. J Biomater Appl 2017; 32:945-956. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328217745774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Qiu Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Tang
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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18
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Xu ZZ, Shen JK, Zhao SQ, Li JM. Clinical significance of chemokine receptor CXCR4 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:1451-1460. [PMID: 28952842 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1379077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To assess the relevance of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), levels of protein expression were measured in 56 DLBCL patients who had received rituximab-based therapy. Of these, 34 were positive for CXCR4 expression (60.7%) and 31 for mTOR (55.4%). CXCR4 expression was positively correlated with mTOR expression (r = 0.602; p = .000). CXCR4 expression was significantly associated with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (p = .009), high IPI score (p = .030) and non-GCB subtype (p = .006). Furthermore, the expression levels of CXCR4 and mTOR were negatively correlated with the chance of remission (p < .05). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients positive for CXCR4 and mTOR expression. The combination therapy with CXCR4 inhibitor WZ811 and mTOR inhibitor everolimus showed syncergistic effect in DLBCL cell lines. These results suggest that the expression of CXCR4 and mTOR may be suitable as biomarkers of the prognosis of DLBCL and for development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Zhen Xu
- a Department of Laboratory Medicine , Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jian-Kang Shen
- b Department of Surgery , Luwan Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Shu-Qing Zhao
- c Department of Hematology , Luwan Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- d Department of Hematology , Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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19
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Tang F, Wang Y, Hemmings BA, Rüegg C, Xue G. PKB/Akt-dependent regulation of inflammation in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 48:62-69. [PMID: 28476657 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a major cause of human cancer. Clinical cancer therapies against inflammatory risk factors are strategically determined. To rationally guide a novel drug development, an improved mechanistic understanding on the pathological connection between inflammation and carcinogenesis is essential. PI3K-PKB signaling axis has been extensively studied and shown to be one of the key oncogenic drivers in most types of cancer. Pharmacological inhibition of the components along this signaling axis is of great interest for developing novel therapies. Interestingly, emerging studies have shown a close association between PKB activation and inflammatory activity in the vicinity of the tumor, and either blockade of PKB or attenuation of para-tumoral inflammation reveals a mutual-interactive pattern through pathway crosstalk. In this review, we intend to discuss recent advances of PKB-regulated chronic inflammation and its potential impacts on tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Tang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Novartis Pharma AG, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brian A Hemmings
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Pathology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gongda Xue
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
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20
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Liu XQ, Fourel L, Dalonneau F, Sadir R, Leal S, Lortat-Jacob H, Weidenhaupt M, Albiges-Rizo C, Picart C. Biomaterial-enabled delivery of SDF-1α at the ventral side of breast cancer cells reveals a crosstalk between cell receptors to promote the invasive phenotype. Biomaterials 2017; 127:61-74. [PMID: 28279922 PMCID: PMC5777630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The SDF-1α chemokine (CXCL12) is a potent bioactive chemoattractant known to be involved in hematopoietic stem cell homing and cancer progression. The associated SDF-1α/CXCR4 receptor signaling is a hallmark of aggressive tumors, which can metastasize to distant sites such as lymph nodes, lung and bone. Here, we engineered a biomimetic tumoral niche made of a thin and soft polyelectrolyte film that can retain SDF-1α to present it, in a spatially-controlled manner, at the ventral side of the breast cancer cells. Matrix-bound SDF-1α but not soluble SDF-1α induced a striking increase in cell spreading and migration in a serum-containing medium, which was associated with the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia in MDA-MB231 cells and specifically mediated by CXCR4. Other Knockdown and inhibition experiments revealed that CD44, the major hyaluronan receptor, acted in concert, via a spatial coincidence, to drive a specific matrix-bound SDFα-induced cell response associated with ERK signaling. In contrast, the β1 integrin adhesion receptor played only a minor role on cell polarity. The CXCR4/CD44 mediated cellular response to matrix-bound SDF-1α involved the Rac1 RhoGTPase and was sustained solely in the presence of matrix-bound SDFα, in contrast with the transient signaling observed in response to soluble SDF-1α. Our results highlight that a biomimetic tumoral niche enables to reveal potent cellular effects and so far hidden molecular mechanisms underlying the breast cancer response to chemokines. These results open new insights for the design of future innovative therapies in metastatic cancers, by inhibiting CXCR4-mediated signaling in the tumoral niche via dual targeting of receptors (CXCR4 and CD44) or of associated signaling molecules (CXCR4 and Rac1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Qiu Liu
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; FONDATION ARC, 9 rue Guy Môquet, 94803, Villejuif, France; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Laure Fourel
- Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Site Santé, 38042, Grenoble cedex 9, France; CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Fabien Dalonneau
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France
| | - Rabia Sadir
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, F-38027, Grenoble, France
| | - Salome Leal
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France
| | - Hugues Lortat-Jacob
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, F-38027, Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Weidenhaupt
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Site Santé, 38042, Grenoble cedex 9, France; CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Institut Albert Bonniot, 38700, La Tronche, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016, Grenoble, France.
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Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C inhibition down- regulates CXCR4 expression and interferes with proliferation, invasion and glycolysis in glioma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176108. [PMID: 28423060 PMCID: PMC5397108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays a crucial role in tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive glioma. Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC), a catabolic enzyme of PC metabolism, is involved in several aspects of cancer biology and its inhibition down-modulates the expression of growth factor membrane receptors interfering with their signaling pathways. In the present work we investigated the possible interplay between CXCR4 and PC-PLC in GBM cells. Methods Confocal microscopy, immunoprecipitation, western blot analyses, and the evaluation of migration and invasion potential were performed on U87MG cells after PC-PLC inhibition with the xanthate D609. The intracellular metabolome was investigated by magnetic resonance spectroscopy; lactate levels and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were analyzed by colorimetric assay. Results Our studies demonstrated that CXCR4 and PC-PLC co-localize and are associated on U87MG cell membrane. D609 reduced CXCR4 expression, cell proliferation and invasion, interfering with AKT and EGFR activation and expression. Metabolic analyses showed a decrease in intracellular lactate concentration together with a decrement in LDH activity. Conclusions Our data suggest that inhibition of PC-PLC could represent a new molecular approach in glioma biology not only for its ability in modulating cell metabolism, glioma growth and motility, but also for its inhibitory effect on crucial molecules involved in cancer progression.
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22
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A randomized phase II study of LY2510924 and carboplatin/etoposide versus carboplatin/etoposide in extensive‐disease small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2017; 105:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Alekhina O, Marchese A. β-Arrestin1 and Signal-transducing Adaptor Molecule 1 (STAM1) Cooperate to Promote Focal Adhesion Kinase Autophosphorylation and Chemotaxis via the Chemokine Receptor CXCR4. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26083-26097. [PMID: 27789711 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.757138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its chemokine ligand CXCL12 mediate directed cell migration during organogenesis, immune responses, and metastatic disease. However, the mechanisms governing CXCL12/CXCR4-dependent chemotaxis remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the β-arrestin1·signal-transducing adaptor molecule 1 (STAM1) complex, initially identified to govern lysosomal trafficking of CXCR4, also mediates CXCR4-dependent chemotaxis. Expression of minigene fragments from β-arrestin1 or STAM1, known to disrupt the β-arrestin1·STAM1 complex, and RNAi against β-arrestin1 or STAM1, attenuates CXCL12-induced chemotaxis. The β-arrestin1·STAM1 complex is necessary for promoting autophosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). FAK is necessary for CXCL12-induced chemotaxis and associates with and localizes with β-arrestin1 and STAM1 in a CXCL12-dependent manner. Our data reveal previously unknown roles in CXCR4-dependent chemotaxis for β-arrestin1 and STAM1, which we propose act in concert to regulate FAK signaling. The β-arrestin1·STAM1 complex is a promising target for blocking CXCR4-promoted FAK autophosphorylation and chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Alekhina
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Adriano Marchese
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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24
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Kazanietz MG, Barrio-Real L, Casado-Medrano V, Baker MJ, Lopez-Haber C. The P-Rex1/Rac signaling pathway as a point of convergence for HER/ErbB receptor and GPCR responses. Small GTPases 2016; 9:297-303. [PMID: 27588611 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1221273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs) are responsible for mediating GDP/GTP exchange for specific small G proteins, such as Rac. There has been substantial evidence for the involvement of Rac-GEFs in the control of cancer cell migration and metastatic progression. We have previously established that the Rac-GEF P-Rex1 is a mediator of actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and cell motility in breast cancer cells downstream of HER/ErbB receptors and the G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) CXCR4. P-Rex1 is highly expressed in luminal A and B breast cancer compared to normal mammary tissue, whereas expression is very low in basal breast cancer, and its expression correlates with the appearance of metastasis in patients. Here, we discuss the involvement of P-Rex1 as an effector of oncogenic/metastatic receptors in breast cancer and underscore its relevance in the convergence of receptor-triggered motile signals. In addition, we provide an overview of our recent findings describing a cross-talk between HER/ErbB receptors and CXCR4, and how this impacts on the activation of P-Rex1/Rac1 signaling, as well as highlight challenges that lie ahead. We propose a model in which P-Rex1 acts as a crucial node for the integration of upstream inputs from HER/ErbB receptors and CXCR4 in luminal breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G Kazanietz
- a Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Laura Barrio-Real
- a Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Victoria Casado-Medrano
- a Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Martin J Baker
- a Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Cynthia Lopez-Haber
- a Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Hainsworth JD, Reeves JA, Mace JR, Crane EJ, Hamid O, Stille JR, Flynt A, Roberson S, Polzer J, Arrowsmith ER. A Randomized, Open-Label Phase 2 Study of the CXCR4 Inhibitor LY2510924 in Combination with Sunitinib Versus Sunitinib Alone in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). Target Oncol 2016; 11:643-653. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-016-0434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Lim SS, Kook SH, Lee JC. COMP-Ang1 enhances DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression in human periodontal ligament cells via Tie2-mediated phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and MAPKs. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 416:157-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Oncogenic roles and drug target of CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in lung cancer and cancer stem cell. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8515-28. [PMID: 27079871 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the great progress has been made in diagnosis and therapeutic in lung cancer, it induces the most cancer death worldwide in both males and females. Chemokines, which have chemotactic abilities, contain up to 50 family members. By binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), holding seven-transmembrane domain, they function in immune cell trafficking and regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, activation, and migration, homing under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. The alpha-chemokine receptor CXCR4 for the alpha-chemokine stromal cell-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1) is most widely expressed by tumors. In addition to human tissues of the bone marrow, liver, adrenal glands, and brain, the CXC chemokine SDF-1 or CXCL12 is also highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and is associated with lung metastasis. Lung cancer cells have the capabilities to utilize and manipulate the CXCL12/CXCR system to benefit growth and distant spread. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is a major culprit for lung cancer and has a crucial role in lung cancer initiation and progression by activating cancer stem cell. This review provides an evaluation of CXCL12/CXCR4 as the potential therapeutic target for lung cancers; it also focuses on the synergistic effects of inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and immunotherapy as well as chemotherapy. Together, CXCL12/CXCR4 axis can be a potential therapeutic target for lung cancers and has additive effects with immunotherapy.
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Peng SB, Zhang X, Paul D, Kays LM, Ye M, Vaillancourt P, Dowless M, Stancato LF, Stewart J, Uhlik MT, Long H, Chu S, Obungu VH. Inhibition of CXCR4 by LY2624587, a Fully Humanized Anti-CXCR4 Antibody Induces Apoptosis of Hematologic Malignancies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150585. [PMID: 26954567 PMCID: PMC4782998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SDF-1 and CXCR4 are a chemokine and chemokine receptor pair playing critical roles in tumorigenesis. Overexpression of CXCR4 is a hallmark of many hematological malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and generally correlates with a poor prognosis. In this study, we developed a humanized anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibody, LY2624587 as a potent CXCR4 antagonist that was advanced into clinical study for cancer. LY2624587 blocked SDF-1 binding to CXCR4 with an IC50 of 0.26 nM, and inhibited SDF-1-induced GTP binding with a Kb of 0.66 nM. In human lymphoma U937 and leukemia CCRF-CEM cells expressing endogenous CXCR4, LY2624587 inhibited SDF-1-induced cell migration with IC50 values of 3.7 and 0.26 nM, respectively. This antibody also inhibited CXCR4 and SDF-1 mediated cell signaling including activation of MAPK and AKT in tumor cells expressing CXCR4. Bifocal microscopic and flow cytometry analyses revealed that LY2624587 mediated receptor internalization and caused CXCR4 down-regulation on the cell surface. In human hematologic cancer cells, LY2624587 caused dose dependent apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In mouse xenograft models developed with human leukemia and lymphoma cells expressing high levels of CXCR4, LY2624587 exhibited dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition and provided significant survival benefit in a disseminated lymphoma model. Collectively, we have demonstrated that CXCR4 inhibition by LY2624587 has the potential for the treatment of human hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Bin Peng
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, United States of America
| | - Donald Paul
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, United States of America
| | - Lisa M Kays
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, United States of America
| | - Ming Ye
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, United States of America
| | - Peter Vaillancourt
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, United States of America
| | - Michele Dowless
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, United States of America
| | - Louis F Stancato
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, United States of America
| | - Julie Stewart
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, United States of America
| | - Mark T Uhlik
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, United States of America
| | - Haiyan Long
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, United States of America
| | - Shaoyou Chu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, United States of America
| | - Victor H Obungu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285, United States of America
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Shi XY, Xiong LX, Xiao L, Meng C, Qi GY, Li WL. Downregulation of caveolin‑1 upregulates the expression of growth factors and regulators in co‑culture of fibroblasts with cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:744-52. [PMID: 26647977 PMCID: PMC4686091 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced expression levels of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in tumor stromal fibroblasts influences the occurrence and progression of tumors, particularly in breast cancer, but the relevant molecular mechanism is unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the potential mechanism underlying the promotion of tumor growth by reduced Cav-1 expression levels, by investigating Cav-1-targeted molecules in fibroblasts and breast cancer cells. The expression of growth factors in the ESF fibroblast cell line transfected with Cav-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was examined. The expression of apoptotic regulators in the BT474 breast cancer cell line that was co-cultured with the fibroblasts, was also investigated. The transfection of Cav-1-targeting siRNA in ESF cells resulted in efficient and specific inhibition of Cav-1 expression. The downregulation of Cav-1 increased the expression and secretion of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1) in ESF cells. This resulted in the accelerated proliferation of the breast cancer cells. Tumor protein 53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) was upregulated in the BT474 cells under the condition of co-culture with Cav-1 siRNA fibroblasts, while levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were decreased, resulting in apoptosis inhibition in the breast cancer cells. These results demonstrated that the downregulation of Cav-1 promoted the growth of breast cancer cells through increasing SDF-1, EGF and FSP-1 in tumor stromal fibroblasts, and TIGAR levels in breast cancer cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study supports the hypothesis that Cav-1 possesses tumor-suppressor properties, with the mechanism of Cav-1-dependent signaling involving the regulation of SDF-1, EGF, FSP-1 and TIGAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Molecular Center Laboratory, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Yun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Endo T, Ito K, Morimoto J, Kanayama M, Ota D, Ikesue M, Kon S, Takahashi D, Onodera T, Iwasaki N, Uede T. Syndecan 4 Regulation of the Development of Autoimmune Arthritis in Mice by Modulating B Cell Migration and Germinal Center Formation. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2512-22. [PMID: 25989265 DOI: 10.1002/art.39193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Syndecan 4 has been implicated as a critical mediator of inflammatory responses because of its functions as a coreceptor and reservoir for growth factors and chemokines. Although syndecan 4 is known to be expressed on B cells, its role in immune responses remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of syndecan 4 to the development of immune arthritis in murine models. METHODS The clinical severity of 3 immunopathologically distinct models, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), antigen-induced arthritis (AIA), and collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA), was evaluated in wild-type (WT) mice and in syndecan 4-deficient (Sdc4(-/-) ) mice. Germinal center (GC) formation, B cell profiles, humoral immune responses, and B cell migration were analyzed during the course of CIA. RESULTS Sdc4(-/-) mice were resistant to the induction of CIA, which is T cell and B cell dependent, but AIA and CAIA, which are T cell dependent and T cell independent, respectively, occurred with equal frequency in WT mice and Sdc4(-/-) mice. Furthermore, Sdc4(-/-) mice had reduced numbers of B cells and deficient GC formation in draining lymph nodes (DLNs) during the course of CIA, resulting in reduced production of collagen-specific autoantibodies. Compared with B cells from WT mice, B cells from Sdc4(-/-) mice showed reduced chemotactic migration toward stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and reduced SDF-1-mediated Akt phosphorylation. Consistent with these findings, in vivo transfer experiments showed that fewer Sdc4(-/-) B cells than WT B cells were found in and around the follicles in the DLNs. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that syndecan 4 contributes to the development of CIA by promoting GC formation and autoantibody production through its regulation of SDF-1-mediated B cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Endo
- Institute for Genetic Medicine and Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koyu Ito
- Institute for Genetic Medicine and Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junko Morimoto
- Institute for Genetic Medicine and Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Kanayama
- Institute for Genetic Medicine and Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daichi Ota
- Institute for Genetic Medicine and Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikesue
- Institute for Genetic Medicine and Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kon
- Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Uede
- Institute for Genetic Medicine and Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Shipe R, Burdick MD, Strieter BA, Liu L, Shim YM, Sung SS, Teague WG, Mehrad B, Strieter RM, Rose CE. Number, activation, and differentiation of circulating fibrocytes correlate with asthma severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:750-7.e3. [PMID: 26371837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A biomarker that predicts poor asthma control would be clinically useful. Fibrocytes are bone marrow-derived circulating progenitor cells that have been implicated in tissue fibrosis and T(H)2 responses in asthmatic patients. OBJECTIVE We sought to test the hypothesis that the concentration and activation state of peripheral blood fibrocytes correlates with asthma severity. METHODS By using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, fibrocytes (CD45(+) and collagen 1 [Col1](+)) were enumerated and characterized in the buffy coats of fresh peripheral blood samples from 15 control subjects and 40 asthmatic patients. RESULTS Concentrations of peripheral blood total (CD45(+)Col1(+)), activated (the TGF-β transducing protein phosphorylated SMAD2/3 [p-SMAD2/3](+) or phosphorylated AKT [p-AKT](+)), and differentiated (α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA](+)) fibrocytes were increased in asthmatic patients compared with control subjects. The increase in total and CD45(+)Col1(+)CXCR4(+) fibrocytes was primarily seen in patients with severe asthma (Global Initiative for Asthma steps 4-5) as opposed to those with milder asthma (Global Initiative for Asthma steps 1-3). In addition, numbers of circulating α-SMA(+) and α-SMA(+)CXCR4(+) fibrocytes were increased in asthmatic patients experiencing an asthma exacerbation in the preceding 12 months. A significant correlation (P < .05) was observed between CD45(+)Col1(+)CXCR4(+) fibrocytes and the activation phenotypes CD45(+)Col1(+)p-SMAD2/3(+) and CD45(+)Col1(+)p-AKT(+). CONCLUSION There was correlation between circulating fibrocyte subsets and asthma severity, and there was an increased number of activated/differentiated fibrocytes in circulating blood of asthmatic patients experiencing an exacerbation in the preceding 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Shipe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Marie D Burdick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Brett A Strieter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Ling Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Yun Michael Shim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Sun-sang Sung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - W Gerald Teague
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Robert M Strieter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va
| | - C Edward Rose
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va.
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Xu C, Zhao H, Chen H, Yao Q. CXCR4 in breast cancer: oncogenic role and therapeutic targeting. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4953-64. [PMID: 26356032 PMCID: PMC4560524 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s84932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are 8–12 kDa peptides that function as chemoattractant cytokines and are involved in cell activation, differentiation, and trafficking. Chemokines bind to specific G-protein-coupled seven-span transmembrane receptors. Chemokines play a fundamental role in the regulation of a variety of cellular, physiological, and developmental processes. Their aberrant expression can lead to a variety of human diseases including cancer. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), also known as fusin or CD184, is an alpha-chemokine receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1 also called CXCL12). CXCR4 belongs to the superfamily of the seven transmembrane domain heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors and is functionally expressed on the cell surface of various types of cancer cells. CXCR4 also plays a role in the cell proliferation and migration of these cells. Recently, CXCR4 has been reported to play an important role in cell survival, proliferation, migration, as well as metastasis of several cancers including breast cancer. This review is mainly focused on the current knowledge of the oncogenic role and potential drugs that target CXCR4 in breast cancer. Additionally, CXCR4 proangiogenic molecular mechanisms will be reviewed. Strict biunivocal binding affinity and activation of CXCR4/CXCL12 complex make CXCR4 a unique molecular target for prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhao
- First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Chen
- First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wu CH, Song JS, Chang KH, Jan JJ, Chen CT, Chou MC, Yeh KC, Wong YC, Tseng CT, Wu SH, Yeh CF, Huang CY, Wang MH, Sadani AA, Chang CP, Cheng CY, Tsou LK, Shia KS. Stem cell mobilizers targeting chemokine receptor CXCR4: renoprotective application in acute kidney injury. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2315-25. [PMID: 25686267 DOI: 10.1021/jm501769r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have discovered a novel series of quinazoline-based CXCR4 antagonists. Of these, compound 19 mobilized CXCR4(+) cell types, including hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells, more efficiently than the marketed 1 (AMD3100) with subcutaneous administration at the same dose (6 mg/kg) in mice. This series of compounds thus provides a set of valuable tools to study diseases mediated by the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis, including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and cancer metastasis. More importantly, treatment with compound 19 significantly lowered levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, providing evidence for its therapeutic potential in preventing ischemic acute kidney injury. CXCR4 antagonists such as 19 might also be useful to increase circulating levels of adult stem cells, thereby exerting beneficial effects on damaged and/or inflamed tissues in diseases that currently are not treated by standard approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Huang Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan R.O.C
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Verma R, Marchese A. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport pathway mediates chemokine receptor CXCR4-promoted lysosomal degradation of the mammalian target of rapamycin antagonist DEPTOR. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6810-24. [PMID: 25605718 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.606699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling mediates many cellular functions, including cell survival, proliferation, and cell motility. Many of these processes are mediated by GPCR-promoted activation of Akt signaling by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) pathway. However, the molecular mechanisms by which GPCRs govern Akt activation by these kinases remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway mediates Akt signaling promoted by the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Pharmacological inhibition of heterotrimeric G protein Gαi or PI3K signaling and siRNA targeting ESCRTs blocks CXCR4-promoted degradation of DEPTOR, an endogenous antagonist of mTORC2 activity. Depletion of ESCRTs by siRNA leads to increased levels of DEPTOR and attenuated CXCR4-promoted Akt activation and signaling, consistent with decreased mTORC2 activity. In addition, ESCRTs likely have a broad role in Akt signaling because ESCRT depletion also attenuates receptor tyrosine kinase-promoted Akt activation and signaling. Our data reveal a novel role for the ESCRT pathway in promoting intracellular signaling, which may begin to identify the signal transduction pathways that are important in the physiological roles of ESCRTs and Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Verma
- From the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, and
| | - Adriano Marchese
- From the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153
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Shi J, Wei Y, Xia J, Wang S, Wu J, Chen F, Huang G, Chen J. CXCL12-CXCR4 contributes to the implication of bone marrow in cancer metastasis. Future Oncol 2014; 10:749-59. [PMID: 24799056 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The CXCL12-CXCR4 axis is postulated to be a key pathway in the interaction between (cancer) stem cells and their surrounding supportive cells in the (cancer) stem cell niche. As the bone marrow constitutes a unique microenvironment for cancer cells, the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis assists the bone marrow in regulating cancer progression. This interaction can be disrupted by CXCR4 antagonists, and this concept is being used clinically to harvest hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from the bone marrow. The functions of CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in cancer cell-tumor microenvironment interaction and angiogenesis have been recently studied. This review focuses on how CXCL12-CXCR4 helps the bone marrow in creating a tumor mircoenvironment that results in the cancer metastasis. It also discusses ongoing research regarding the clinical feasibility of CXCR4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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36
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Peng SB, Zhang X, Paul D, Kays LM, Gough W, Stewart J, Uhlik MT, Chen Q, Hui YH, Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, Wijsman JA, Credille KM, Yan LZ. Identification of LY2510924, a novel cyclic peptide CXCR4 antagonist that exhibits antitumor activities in solid tumor and breast cancer metastatic models. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:480-90. [PMID: 25504752 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and CXCR4, a chemokine and chemokine receptor pair, play important roles in tumorigenesis. In this report, we describe a small cyclic peptide, LY2510924, which is a potent and selective CXCR4 antagonist currently in phase II clinical studies for cancer. LY2510924 specifically blocked SDF-1 binding to CXCR4 with IC50 value of 0.079 nmol/L, and inhibited SDF-1-induced GTP binding with Kb value of 0.38 nmol/L. In human lymphoma U937 cells expressing endogenous CXCR4, LY2510924 inhibited SDF-1-induced cell migration with IC50 value of 0.26 nmol/L and inhibited SDF-1/CXCR4-mediated intracellular signaling. LY2510924 exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of SDF-1-stimulated phospho-ERK and phospho-Akt in tumor cells. Biochemical and cellular analyses revealed that LY2510924 had no apparent agonist activity. Pharmacokinetic analyses suggested that LY2510924 had acceptable in vivo stability and a pharmacokinetic profile similar to a typical small-molecular inhibitor in preclinical species. LY2510924 showed dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth in human xenograft models developed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma, lung, and colon cancer cells that express functional CXCR4. In MDA-MB-231, a breast cancer metastatic model, LY2510924 inhibited tumor metastasis by blocking migration/homing process of tumor cells to the lung and by inhibiting cell proliferation after tumor cell homing. Collectively, the preclinical data support further investigation of LY2510924 in clinical studies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Bin Peng
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Donald Paul
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lisa M Kays
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wendy Gough
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Julie Stewart
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mark T Uhlik
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Qi Chen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yu-Hua Hui
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - John A Wijsman
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kelly M Credille
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Liang Zeng Yan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Kook SH, Lim SS, Cho ES, Lee YH, Han SK, Lee KY, Kwon J, Hwang JW, Bae CH, Seo YK, Lee JC. COMP-angiopoietin 1 increases proliferation, differentiation, and migration of stem-like cells through Tie-2-mediated activation of p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 455:371-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Touboul C, Vidal F, Pasquier J, Lis R, Rafii A. Role of mesenchymal cells in the natural history of ovarian cancer: a review. J Transl Med 2014; 12:271. [PMID: 25303976 PMCID: PMC4197295 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynaecologic malignancy. Despite progresses in chemotherapy and ultra-radical surgeries, this locally metastatic disease presents a high rate of local recurrence advocating for the role of a peritoneal niche. For several years, it was believed that tumor initiation, progression and metastasis were merely due to the changes in the neoplastic cell population and the adjacent non-neoplastic tissues were regarded as bystanders. The importance of the tumor microenvironment and its cellular component emerged from studies on the histopathological sequence of changes at the interface between putative tumor cells and the surrounding non-neoplastic tissues during carcinogenesis. Method In this review we aimed to describe the pro-tumoral crosstalk between ovarian cancer and mesenchymal stem cells. A PubMed search was performed for articles published pertaining to mesenchymal stem cells and specific to ovarian cancer. Results Mesenchymal stem cells participate to an elaborate crosstalk through direct and paracrine interaction with ovarian cancer cells. They play a role at different stages of the disease: survival and peritoneal infiltration at early stage, proliferation in distant sites, chemoresistance and recurrence at later stage. Conclusion The dialogue between ovarian and mesenchymal stem cells induces the constitution of a pro-tumoral mesencrine niche. Understanding the dynamics of such interaction in a clinical setting might propose new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Touboul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hôpital Intercommunal de Créteil, Université Paris Est, UPEC-Paris XII, 12 avenue de Verdun, 94000, Créteil, France. .,UMR INSERM U965: Angiogenèse et Recherche translationnelle Hôpital Lariboisière, 49 bd de la chapelle, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - Fabien Vidal
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar. .,Department Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Manhattan, NY, USA. .,Department of Genetic Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar-Foundation PO: 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Jennifer Pasquier
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar. .,Department Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Manhattan, NY, USA.
| | - Raphael Lis
- Department Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Manhattan, NY, USA.
| | - Arash Rafii
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar. .,Department Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Manhattan, NY, USA.
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Chang YW, Chen MW, Chiu CF, Hong CC, Cheng CC, Hsiao M, Chen CA, Wei LH, Su JL. Arsenic trioxide inhibits CXCR4-mediated metastasis by interfering miR-520h/PP2A/NF-κB signaling in cervical cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21 Suppl 4:S687-95. [PMID: 25047463 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic apparently affects numerous intracellular signal transduction pathways and causes many alterations leading to apoptosis and differentiation in malignant cells. We and others have demonstrated that arsenic inhibits the metastatic capacity of cancer cells. Here we present additional mechanistic studies to elucidate the potential of arsenic as a promising therapeutic inhibitor of metastasis. METHODS The effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on human cervical cancer cell lines migration and invasion were observed by transwell assays. In experimental metastasis assays, cancer cells were injected into tail veins of severe combined immunodeficient mice for modeling metastasis. The mechanisms involved in ATO regulation of CXCR4 were analyzed by immunoblot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and luciferase reporter assays. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to identify PP2A/C and CXCR4 protein expressions in human cervical cancer tissues. RESULTS ATO inhibited CXCR4-mediated cervical cancer cell invasion in vitro and distant metastasis in vivo. We determined that ATO modulates the pivotal nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/CXCR4 signaling pathway that contributes to cancer metastasis. Substantiating our findings, we demonstrated that ATO activates PP2A/C activity by downregulating miR-520h, which results in IKK inactivation, IκB-dephosphorylation, NF-κB inactivation, and, subsequently, a reduction in CXCR4 expression. Furthermore, PP2A/C was reduced during cervical carcinogenesis, and the loss of PP2A/C expression was closely associated with the nodal status of cervical cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a functional link between ATO-mediated PP2A/C regulation, CXCR4 expression, and tumor-suppressing ability. This information will be critical in realizing the potential for synergy between ATO and other anti-cancer agents, thus providing enhanced benefit in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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Galsky MD, Vogelzang NJ, Conkling P, Raddad E, Polzer J, Roberson S, Stille JR, Saleh M, Thornton D. A phase I trial of LY2510924, a CXCR4 peptide antagonist, in patients with advanced cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3581-8. [PMID: 24727324 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overexpression of C-X-C motif receptor 4 (CXCR4) is implicated in tumor progression. LY2510924 is a peptide antagonist, which blocks stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1) from CXCR4 binding. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN This phase I study included two parts: a 3+3 dose escalation (part A) and dose confirmation (part B). LY2510924 was administered as a daily subcutaneous injection on a 28-day cycle. The primary objective was to determine the recommended phase II dose. Secondary objectives included safety, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and pharmacodynamic response, including mobilization of CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells into the peripheral blood. RESULTS Forty-five patients were enrolled, 25 in part A and 20 in part B. Patients were administered increasing doses of LY2510924: 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, 20, and 30 mg/day for part A and 2.5 or 20 mg/day for part B. Two patients (30-mg/day cohort) experienced dose-limiting toxicities of grade 3 increased neutrophil count. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 20 mg/day. The most common drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events were fatigue (9%), injection-site reaction (9%), injection site pruritus (7%), and nausea (7%). The best response was stable disease for nine patients (20%). At the end of cycle 1, mean peak LY2510924 plasma concentration and the 24-hour area under the plasma concentration versus time curve increased slightly more than dose proportionally. LY2510924 dose dependently increased CD34(+) cell counts in peripheral blood up to 18-fold. CONCLUSIONS LY2510924 demonstrated CD34(+) cell mobilization at doses ≥2.5 mg/day with a tolerable safety profile up to an MTD of 20 mg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Galsky
- Authors' Affiliations: US Oncology Research/Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada;
| | - Nicholas J Vogelzang
- Authors' Affiliations: US Oncology Research/Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Paul Conkling
- US Oncology Research/Virginia Oncology Associates, Norfolk, Virginia
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41
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Dalonneau F, Liu XQ, Sadir R, Almodovar J, Mertani HC, Bruckert F, Albiges-Rizo C, Weidenhaupt M, Lortat-Jacob H, Picart C. The effect of delivering the chemokine SDF-1α in a matrix-bound manner on myogenesis. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4525-4535. [PMID: 24612919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several chemokines are important in muscle myogenesis and in the recruitment of muscle precursors during muscle regeneration. Among these, the SDF-1α chemokine (CXCL12) is a potent chemoattractant known to be involved in muscle repair. SDF-1α was loaded in polyelectrolyte multilayer films made of poly(L-lysine) and hyaluronan to be delivered locally to myoblast cells in a matrix-bound manner. The adsorbed amounts of SDF-1α were tuned over a large range from 100 ng/cm(2) to 5 μg/cm(2), depending on the initial concentration of SDF-1α in solution, its pH, and on the film crosslinking extent. Matrix-bound SDF-1α induced a striking increase in myoblast spreading, which was revealed when it was delivered from weakly crosslinked films. It also significantly enhanced cell migration in a dose-dependent manner, which again depended on its presentation by the biopolymeric film. The low-crosslinked film was the most efficient in boosting cell migration. Furthermore, matrix-bound SDF-1α also increased the expression of myogenic markers but the fusion index decreased in a dose-dependent manner with the adsorbed amount of SDF-1α. At high adsorbed amounts of SDF-1α, a large number of Troponin T-positive cells had only one nucleus. Overall, this work reveals the importance of the presentation mode of SDF-1α to emphasize its effect on myogenic processes. These films may be further used to provide insight into the role of SDF-1α presented by a biomaterial in physiological or pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Dalonneau
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Xi Qiu Liu
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France.,FONDATION ARC, 9 rue Guy Môquet 94803 Villejuif, France
| | - Rabia Sadir
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38027 Grenoble, France.,CNRS, IBS, F-38027 Grenoble, France.,CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38027 Grenoble, France
| | - Jorge Almodovar
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Hichem C Mertani
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052 - CNRS 5286, 28, rue Laennec, 69373 LYON cedex 08, France
| | - Franz Bruckert
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- Inserm U823, ERL CNRS5284, Université Joseph Fourier, Institut Albert Bonniot, Site Santé, BP170, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Marianne Weidenhaupt
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Hugues Lortat-Jacob
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38027 Grenoble, France.,CNRS, IBS, F-38027 Grenoble, France.,CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38027 Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France
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42
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Fuentes TI, Appleby N, Tsay E, Martinez JJ, Bailey L, Hasaniya N, Kearns-Jonker M. Human neonatal cardiovascular progenitors: unlocking the secret to regenerative ability. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77464. [PMID: 24204836 PMCID: PMC3810469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although clinical benefit can be achieved after cardiac transplantation of adult c-kit+ or cardiosphere-derived cells for myocardial repair, these stem cells lack the regenerative capacity unique to neonatal cardiovascular stem cells. Unraveling the molecular basis for this age-related discrepancy in function could potentially transform cardiovascular stem cell transplantation. In this report, clonal populations of human neonatal and adult cardiovascular progenitor cells were isolated and characterized, revealing the existence of a novel subpopulation of endogenous cardiovascular stem cells that persist throughout life and co-express both c-kit and isl1. Epigenetic profiling identified 41 microRNAs whose expression was significantly altered with age in phenotypically-matched clones. These differences were correlated with reduced proliferation and a limited capacity to invade in response to growth factor stimulation, despite high levels of growth factor receptor on progenitors isolated from adults. Further understanding of these differences may provide novel therapeutic targets to enhance cardiovascular regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania I. Fuentes
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Nancy Appleby
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Tsay
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - J. Julian Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Leonard Bailey
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Nahidh Hasaniya
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Mary Kearns-Jonker
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cojoc M, Peitzsch C, Trautmann F, Polishchuk L, Telegeev GD, Dubrovska A. Emerging targets in cancer management: role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1347-61. [PMID: 24124379 PMCID: PMC3794844 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s36109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL12 (SDF-1) and its cell surface receptor CXCR4 were first identified as regulators of lymphocyte trafficking to the bone marrow. Soon after, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis was proposed to regulate the trafficking of breast cancer cells to sites of metastasis. More recently, it was established that CXCR4 plays a central role in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and dissemination in the majority of malignant diseases. The stem cell concept of cancer has revolutionized the understanding of tumorigenesis and cancer treatment. A growing body of evidence indicates that a subset of cancer cells, referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), plays a critical role in tumor initiation, metastatic colonization, and resistance to therapy. Although the signals generated by the metastatic niche that regulate CSCs are not yet fully understood, accumulating evidence suggests a key role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. In this review we focus on physiological functions of the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway and its role in cancer and CSCs, and we discuss the potential for targeting this pathway in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cojoc
- OncoRay National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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Moscatilin inhibits lung cancer cell motility and invasion via suppression of endogenous reactive oxygen species. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:765894. [PMID: 23738332 PMCID: PMC3662177 DOI: 10.1155/2013/765894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among cancer patients worldwide, and most of them have died from metastasis. Migration and invasion are prerequisite processes associated with high metastasis potential in cancers. Moscatilin, a bibenzyl derivative isolated from the Thai orchid Dendrobium pulchellum, has been shown to have anticancer effect against numerous cancer cell lines. However, little is known regarding the effect of moscatilin on cancer cell migration and invasion. The present study demonstrates that nontoxic concentrations of moscatilin were able to inhibit human nonsmall cell lung cancer H23 cell migration and invasion. The inhibitory effect of moscatilin was associated with an attenuation of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), in which hydroxyl radical (OH∙) was identified as a dominant species in the suppression of filopodia formation. Western blot analysis also revealed that moscatilin downregulated activated focal adhesion kinase (phosphorylated FAK, Tyr 397) and activated ATP-dependent tyrosine kinase (phosphorylated Akt, Ser 473), whereas their parental counterparts were not detectable changed. In conclusion, our results indicate the novel molecular basis of moscalitin-inhibiting lung cancer cell motility and invasion and demonstrate a promising antimetastatic potential of such an agent for lung cancer therapy.
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The SDF-1 3'A Genetic Variation Is Correlated with Elevated Intra-tumor Tissue and Circulating Concentration of CXCL12 in Glial Tumors. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 50:298-304. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-9954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hiesinger W, Goldstone AB, Woo YJ. Re-engineered stromal cell-derived factor-1α and the future of translatable angiogenic polypeptide design. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2012; 22:139-44. [PMID: 22902182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Smaller engineered analogs of angiogenic cytokines may provide translational advantages, including enhanced stability and function, ease of synthesis, lower cost, and, most important, the potential for modulated delivery via engineered biomaterials. In order to create such a peptide, computational molecular modeling and design was employed to engineer a minimized, highly efficient polypeptide analog of the stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF) molecule. After removal of the large, central β-sheet region, a designed diproline linker connected the native N-terminus (responsible for receptor activation and binding) and C-terminus (responsible for extracellular stabilization). This yielded energetic and conformational advantages resulting in a small, low-molecular-weight engineered SDF polypeptide analog (ESA) that was shown to have angiogenic activity comparable to or better than that of recombinant human SDF both in vitro and in a murine model of ischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hiesinger
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Geutskens SB, Andrews WD, van Stalborch AMD, Brussen K, Holtrop-de Haan SE, Parnavelas JG, Hordijk PL, van Hennik PB. Control of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell migration by the extracellular matrix protein Slit3. J Transl Med 2012; 92:1129-39. [PMID: 22614124 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients whose hematopoietic system is compromised by chemo- and/or radiotherapy require transplantation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to restore hematopoiesis. Successful homing of transplanted HSPCs to the bone marrow (BM) largely depends on their migratory potential, which is critically regulated by the chemokine CXCL12. In this study, we have investigated the expression and function of Slit proteins and their corresponding Roundabout (Robo) receptors in human HSPC migration. Slit proteins are extracellular matrix proteins that can modulate the (chemoattractant-induced) migration of mature leukocytes. We show that mRNAs for all Slits (Slit1-3) are expressed in primary BM stroma and BM-derived endothelial and stromal cell lines, but not in CD34⁺ HSPCs. Human CD34⁺ HSPCs expressed mRNAs for all Robos (Robo1-4), but only the Robo1 protein was detected on their cell surface. Functionally, Slit3 treatment increased the in vivo homing efficiency of CD34⁺ HSPCs to the BM in NOD/SCID mice, whereas Slit3-exposed HSPC migration in vitro was inhibited. These effects do not appear to result from modulated CXCL12 responsiveness as CXCR4 expression, CXCL12-induced actin polymerization or the basal and CXCL12-induced adhesion to fibronectin or BM-derived endothelial cells of CD34⁺ HSPC were not altered by Slit3 exposure. However, we show that Slit3 rapidly reduced the levels of active RhoA in HL60 cells and primary CD34⁺ HSPC, directly affecting a pathway involved in actin cytoskeleton remodeling and HSPC migration. Together, our results support a role for Slit3 in human HSPC migration in vitro and homing in vivo and might contribute to the design of future approaches aimed at improving transplantation efficiency of human CD34⁺ HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha B Geutskens
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Knights MJ, Kyle S, Ismail A. Characteristic features of stem cells in glioblastomas: from cellular biology to genetics. Brain Pathol 2012; 22:592-606. [PMID: 22303870 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2012.00573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults and is among the most lethal and least successfully treated solid tumors. Recently, research into the area of stem cells in brain tumors has gained momentum. However, due to the relatively new and novel hypothesis that a subpopulation of cancer cells in each malignancy has the potential for tumor initiation and repopulation, the data in this area of research are still in its infancy. This review article is aimed at attempting to bring together research carried out so far in order to build an understanding of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Initially, we consider GSCs at a morphological and cellular level, and then discuss important cell markers, signaling pathways and genetics. Furthermore, we highlight the difficulties associated with what some of the evidence indicates and what collectively the studies contribute to further defining the interpretation of GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Knights
- Leeds School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION During embryogenesis, CXCR4, a chemokine receptor, and its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12), are critically involved in the development of the hematopoietic, nerve and endothelial tissues by regulating tissue progenitor cell migration, homing and survival. In adult life, the CXCR4 axis serves as the key factor for stem and immune cell trafficking. More importantly, CXCR4-CXCL12 axis plays a critical role in HIV, stem cell mobilization, autoimmune diseases, cancer and tissue regeneration. Targeting the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis, therefore, is an attractive therapeutic approach in various diseases. AREAS COVERED In this review, we update current knowledge about CXCR4-CXCL12 biology, therapeutic approaches and therapeutic agents. The data presented was collected from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed , http://clinicaltrials.gov/ , http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/ . EXPERT OPINION Development of CXCR4 antagonists with increased affinity, extended pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics and with the capacity to differentially target CXCR4 may lead to a development of novel therapeutics for HIV, cancer, tissue regeneration and stem cell collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Peled
- Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital , Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Hiesinger W, Perez-Aguilar JM, Atluri P, Marotta NA, Frederick JR, Fitzpatrick JR, McCormick RC, Muenzer JR, Yang EC, Levit RD, Yuan LJ, Macarthur JW, Saven JG, Woo YJ. Computational protein design to reengineer stromal cell-derived factor-1α generates an effective and translatable angiogenic polypeptide analog. Circulation 2011; 124:S18-26. [PMID: 21911811 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.009431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimentally, exogenous administration of recombinant stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF) enhances neovasculogenesis and cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Smaller analogs of SDF may provide translational advantages including enhanced stability and function, ease of synthesis, lower cost, and potential modulated delivery via engineered biomaterials. In this study, computational protein design was used to create a more efficient evolution of the native SDF protein. METHODS AND RESULTS Protein structure modeling was used to engineer an SDF polypeptide analog (engineered SDF analog [ESA]) that splices the N-terminus (activation and binding) and C-terminus (extracellular stabilization) with a diproline segment designed to limit the conformational flexibility of the peptide backbone and retain the relative orientation of these segments observed in the native structure of SDF. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in ESA gradient, assayed by Boyden chamber, showed significantly increased migration compared with both SDF and control gradients. EPC receptor activation was evaluated by quantification of phosphorylated AKT, and cells treated with ESA yielded significantly greater phosphorylated AKT levels than SDF and control cells. Angiogenic growth factor assays revealed a distinct increase in angiopoietin-1 expression in the ESA- and SDF-treated hearts. In addition, CD-1 mice (n=30) underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and peri-infarct intramyocardial injection of ESA, SDF-1α, or saline. At 2 weeks, echocardiography demonstrated a significant gain in ejection fraction, cardiac output, stroke volume, and fractional area change in mice treated with ESA compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Compared with native SDF, a novel engineered SDF polypeptide analog (ESA) more efficiently induces EPC migration and improves post-myocardial infarction cardiac function and thus offers a more clinically translatable neovasculogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hiesinger
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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