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Gross ND, Bauman JE, Gooding WE, Denq W, Thomas SM, Wang L, Chiosea S, Hood BL, Flint MS, Sun M, Conrads TP, Ferris RL, Johnson JT, Kim S, Argiris A, Wirth L, Nikiforova MN, Siegfried JM, Grandis JR. Erlotinib, erlotinib-sulindac versus placebo: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled window trial in operable head and neck cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:3289-98. [PMID: 24727329 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The EGF receptor (EGFR) and COX2 pathways are upregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Preclinical models indicate synergistic antitumor activity from dual blockade. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled window trial of erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor; erlotinib plus sulindac, a nonselective COX inhibitor; versus placebo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with untreated, operable stage II-IVb HNSCC were randomized 5:5:3 to erlotinib, erlotinib-sulindac, or placebo. Tumor specimens were collected before and after seven to 14 days of treatment. The primary endpoint was change in Ki67 proliferation index. We hypothesized an ordering effect in Ki67 reduction: erlotinib-sulindac > erlotinib > placebo. We evaluated tissue microarrays by immunohistochemistry for pharmacodynamic modulation of EGFR and COX2 signaling intermediates. RESULTS From 2005-2009, 47 patients were randomized for the target 39 evaluable patients. Thirty-four tumor pairs were of sufficient quality to assess biomarker modulation. Ki67 was significantly decreased by erlotinib or erlotinib-sulindac (omnibus comparison, two-sided Kruskal-Wallis, P = 0.04). Wilcoxon pairwise contrasts confirmed greater Ki67 effect in both erlotinib groups (erlotinib-sulindac vs. placebo, P = 0.043; erlotinib vs. placebo, P = 0.027). There was a significant trend in ordering of Ki67 reduction: erlotinib-sulindac > erlotinib > placebo (two-sided exact Jonckheere-Terpstra, P = 0.0185). Low baseline pSrc correlated with greater Ki67 reduction (R(2) = 0.312, P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Brief treatment with erlotinib significantly decreased proliferation in HNSCC, with additive effect from sulindac. Efficacy studies of dual EGFR-COX inhibition are justified. pSrc is a potential resistance biomarker for anti-EGFR therapy, and warrants investigation as a molecular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Gross
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Julie E Bauman
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - William E Gooding
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - William Denq
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sufi M Thomas
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MinnesotaAuthors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lin Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Simion Chiosea
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MinnesotaAuthors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brian L Hood
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MinnesotaAuthors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Melanie S Flint
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mai Sun
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MinnesotaAuthors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jonas T Johnson
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Seungwon Kim
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Athanassios Argiris
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MinnesotaAuthors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lori Wirth
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Marina N Nikiforova
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jill M Siegfried
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MinnesotaAuthors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology;Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Annandale, Virginia; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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