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Hushmandi K, Saadat SH, Raei M, Daneshi S, Aref AR, Nabavi N, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M. Implications of c-Myc in the pathogenesis and treatment efficacy of urological cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 259:155381. [PMID: 38833803 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Urological cancers, including prostate, bladder, and renal cancers, are significant causes of death and negatively impact the quality of life for patients. The development and progression of these cancers are linked to the dysregulation of molecular pathways. c-Myc, recognized as an oncogene, exhibits abnormal levels in various types of tumors, and current evidence supports the therapeutic targeting of c-Myc in cancer treatment. This review aims to elucidate the role of c-Myc in driving the progression of urological cancers. c-Myc functions to enhance tumorigenesis and has been documented to increase growth and metastasis in prostate, bladder, and renal cancers. Furthermore, the dysregulation of c-Myc can result in a diminished response to therapy in these cancers. Non-coding RNAs, β-catenin, and XIAP are among the regulators of c-Myc in urological cancers. Targeting and suppressing c-Myc therapeutically for the treatment of these cancers has been explored. Additionally, the expression level of c-Myc may serve as a prognostic factor in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiavash Hushmandi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hassan Saadat
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Raei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salman Daneshi
- Department of Public Health,School of Health,Jiroft University Of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Izadmehr S, Fernandez-Hernandez H, Wiredja D, Kirschenbaum A, Lee-Poturalski C, Tavassoli P, Yao S, Schlatzer D, Hoon D, Difeo A, Levine AC, Mosquera JM, Galsky MD, Cordon-Cardo C, Narla G. Cooperativity of c-MYC with Krüppel-Like Factor 6 Splice Variant 1 induces phenotypic plasticity and promotes prostate cancer progression and metastasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.30.577982. [PMID: 38352401 PMCID: PMC10862900 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.30.577982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in men with prostate cancer, and the functional impact of the genetic alterations, alone or in combination, driving metastatic disease remains incompletely understood. The proto-oncogene c-MYC, commonly deregulated in prostate cancer. Transgenic expression of c-MYC is sufficient to drive the progression to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and ultimately to moderately differentiated localized primary tumors, however, c-MYC-driven tumors are unable to progress through the metastatic cascade, suggesting that a "second-hit" is necessary in the milieu of aberrant c-MYC-driven signaling. Here, we identified cooperativity between c-MYC and KLF6-SV1, an oncogenic splice variant of the KLF6 gene. Transgenic mice that co-expressed KLF6-SV1 and c-MYC developed progressive and metastatic prostate cancer with a histological and molecular phenotype like human prostate cancer. Silencing c-MYC expression significantly reduced tumor burden in these mice supporting the necessity for c-MYC in tumor maintenance. Unbiased global proteomic analysis of tumors from these mice revealed significantly enriched vimentin, a dedifferentiation and pro-metastatic marker, induced by KLF6-SV1. c-MYC-positive tumors were also significantly enriched for KLF6-SV1 in human prostate cancer specimens. Our findings provide evidence that KLF6-SV1 is an enhancer of c-MYC-driven prostate cancer progression and metastasis, and a correlated genetic event in human prostate cancer with potential translational significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeh Izadmehr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Danica Wiredja
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Christine Lee-Poturalski
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Peyman Tavassoli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Shen Yao
- The Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Daniela Schlatzer
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Divya Hoon
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Analisa Difeo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alice C. Levine
- The Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Juan-Miguel Mosquera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Matthew D. Galsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Bian Q, Li B, Zhang L, Sun Y, Zhao Z, Ding Y, Yu H. Molecular pathogenesis, mechanism and therapy of Cav1 in prostate cancer. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:196. [PMID: 37910338 PMCID: PMC10620365 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second incidence of malignant tumors in men worldwide. Its incidence and mortality are increasing year by year. Enhanced expression of Cav1 in prostate cancer has been linked to both proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, influencing disease progression. Dysregulation of the Cav1 gene shows a notable association with prostate cancer. Nevertheless, there is no systematic review to report about molecular signal mechanism of Cav1 and drug treatment in prostate cancer. This article reviews the structure, physiological and pathological functions of Cav1, the pathogenic signaling pathways involved in prostate cancer, and the current drug treatment of prostate cancer. Cav1 mainly affects the occurrence of prostate cancer through AKT/mTOR, H-RAS/PLCε, CD147/MMPs and other pathways, as well as substance metabolism including lipid metabolism and aerobic glycolysis. Baicalein, simvastatin, triptolide and other drugs can effectively inhibit the growth of prostate cancer. As a biomarker of prostate cancer, Cav1 may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Bian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medicine University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Radiological Image, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Luting Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinuo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhankui Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medicine University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Honglian Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272100, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Takamura N, Yamaguchi Y. Involvement of caveolin-1 in skin diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035451. [PMID: 36532050 PMCID: PMC9748611 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the outermost layer and largest organ in the human body. Since the skin interfaces with the environment, it has a variety of roles, including providing a protective barrier against external factors, regulating body temperature, and retaining water in the body. It is also involved in the immune system, interacting with immune cells residing in the dermis. Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) is essential for caveolae formation and has multiple functions including endocytosis, lipid homeostasis, and signal transduction. CAV-1 is known to interact with a variety of signaling molecules and receptors and may influence cell proliferation and migration. Several skin-related disorders, especially those of the inflammatory or hyperproliferative type such as skin cancers, psoriasis, fibrosis, and wound healing, are reported to be associated with aberrant CAV-1 expression. In this review, we have explored CAV-1 involvement in skin physiology and skin diseases.
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Nascente EDP, Amorim RL, Fonseca-Alves CE, de Moura VMBD. Comparative Pathobiology of Canine and Human Prostate Cancer: State of the Art and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2727. [PMID: 35681707 PMCID: PMC9179314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
First described in 1817, prostate cancer is considered a complex neoplastic entity, and one of the main causes of death in men in the western world. In dogs, prostatic carcinoma (PC) exhibits undifferentiated morphology with different phenotypes, is hormonally independent of aggressive character, and has high rates of metastasis to different organs. Although in humans, the risk factors for tumor development are known, in dogs, this scenario is still unclear, especially regarding castration. Therefore, with the advent of molecular biology, studies were and are carried out with the aim of identifying the main molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of canine PC, aiming to identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted treatment. However, there are extensive gaps to be filled, especially when considering the dog as experimental model for the study of this neoplasm in humans. Thus, due to the complexity of the subject, the objective of this review is to present the main pathobiological aspects of canine PC from a comparative point of view to the same neoplasm in the human species, addressing the historical context and current understanding in the scientific field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo de Paula Nascente
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil;
| | - Renée Laufer Amorim
- Veterinary Clinic Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil;
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Quaresma MC, Botelho HM, Pankonien I, Rodrigues CS, Pinto MC, Costa PR, Duarte A, Amaral MD. Exploring YAP1-centered networks linking dysfunctional CFTR to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/9/e202101326. [PMID: 35500936 PMCID: PMC9060002 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a systems biology approach identifies potentially dysregulated EMT signaling in CF (including the Hippo, Wnt, TGF-β, p53, and MYC pathways), integrated by YAP1 and TEAD4. Mutations in the CFTR anion channel cause cystic fibrosis (CF) and have also been related to higher cancer incidence. Previously we proposed that this is linked to an emerging role of functional CFTR in protecting against epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the pathways bridging dysfunctional CFTR to EMT remain elusive. Here, we applied systems biology to address this question. Our data show that YAP1 is aberrantly active in the presence of mutant CFTR, interacting with F508del, but not with wt-CFTR, and that YAP1 knockdown rescues F508del-CFTR processing and function. Subsequent analysis of YAP1 interactors and roles in cells expressing either wt- or F508del-CFTR reveal that YAP1 is an important mediator of the fibrotic/EMT processes in CF. Alongside, five main pathways emerge here as key in linking mutant CFTR to EMT, namely, (1) the Hippo pathway; (2) the Wnt pathway; (3) the TGFβ pathway; (4) the p53 pathway; and (5) MYC signaling. Several potential hub proteins which mediate the crosstalk among these pathways were also identified, appearing as potential therapeutic targets for both CF and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida C Quaresma
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo M Botelho
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ines Pankonien
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia S Rodrigues
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena C Pinto
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pau R Costa
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Aires Duarte
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Molecular landscape of c-Myc signaling in prostate cancer: A roadmap to clinical translation. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lu T, Zhang Z, Pan X, Zhang J, Wang X, Wang M, Li H, Yan M, Chen W. Caveolin-1 promotes cancer progression via inhibiting ferroptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 51:52-62. [PMID: 34874578 PMCID: PMC9300096 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive disease worldwide. Much progress has been made in exploring mechanisms and improving the therapy of HNSCC, but only a few studies have focused on the role of ferroptosis on HNSCC progression. The current study aimed to reveal the underlining mechanisms that caveolin‐1 (CAV1)‐ROS (reactive oxygen species)‐ferroptosis axis affect the process of HNSCC and discover novo therapeutic targets or strategies. Methods The role of CAV1 in ferroptosis was analyzed by FerrDb, and its clinical significance was examined by TCGA dataset of HNSCC. The expressions of caveolin‐1 (CAV1) in HNSCC tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real‐time PCR assay. Three siRNA sequences were designed to silence CAV1 mRNA in HNSCC cells. Cell proliferation, colony formation, wound‐healing, and transwell assays were used to examine the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. ROS evaluation and intracellular Fe2+ content assays were performed to examine the levels of ferroptosis. Results Through the analysis with published data, CAV1 was found to overexpress in HNSCC than normal tissues, and was one of the vital suppressors of ferroptosis pathway. Our study showed that CAV1 was over expressed in HNSCC tissues and the high level of CAV1 predicted poorer prognosis. Further experiments indicated that CAV1 could inhibit the ferroptosis of cancer cells and promote the proliferation, migration and invasion. Conclusions Overexpression of CAV1 in HNSCC inhibited the process of ferroptosis, leading to aggressive phenotypes, as well as worse prognosis. The regulatory pathway of CAV1 and ferroptosis are potential targets for designing diagnostic and combined therapeutic strategies for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Pan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaochen Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huasheng Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Pang L, Yang S, Dai W, Wu S, Kong J. Role of caveolin-1 in human organ function and disease: friend or foe? Carcinogenesis 2021; 43:2-11. [PMID: 34436568 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a structural protein component of caveolae, which are invaginations of the plasma membrane involved in various cellular processes, including endocytosis, extracellular matrix organization, cholesterol distribution, cell migration, and signaling. Mounting evidence over the last 10-15 years has demonstrated a central role of Cav-1 in many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and fibrosis. Cav-1 plays positive and negative roles in various diseases through its different regulation pathways. Here, we review the current knowledge on Cav-1 in different diseases and discuss the role of this protein in human organs and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Pang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shaojie Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wanlin Dai
- Innovation Institute of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuodong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Abstract
Caveolae are specialised and dynamic plasma membrane subdomains, involved in many cellular functions including endocytosis, signal transduction, mechanosensing and lipid storage, trafficking, and metabolism. Two protein families are indispensable for caveola formation and function, namely caveolins and cavins. Mutations of genes encoding these caveolar proteins cause serious pathological conditions such as cardiomyopathies, skeletal muscle diseases, and lipodystrophies. Deregulation of caveola-forming protein expression is associated with many types of cancers including prostate cancer. The distinct function of secretion of the prostatic fluid, and the unique metabolic phenotype of prostate cells relying on lipid metabolism as a main bioenergetic pathway further suggest a significant role of caveolae and caveolar proteins in prostate malignancy. Accumulating in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence showed the association of caveolin-1 with prostate cancer grade, stage, metastasis, and drug resistance. In contrast, cavin-1 was found to exhibit tumour suppressive roles. Studies on prostate cancer were the first to show the distinct function of the caveolar proteins depending on their localisation within the caveolar compartment or as cytoplasmic or secreted proteins. In this review, we summarise the roles of caveola-forming proteins in prostate cancer and the potential of exploiting them as therapeutic targets or biological markers.
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Caveolin-1-mediated sphingolipid oncometabolism underlies a metabolic vulnerability of prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4279. [PMID: 32855410 PMCID: PMC7453025 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma and tumor caveolin-1 (Cav-1) are linked with disease progression in prostate cancer. Here we report that metabolomic profiling of longitudinal plasmas from a prospective cohort of 491 active surveillance (AS) participants indicates prominent elevations in plasma sphingolipids in AS progressors that, together with plasma Cav-1, yield a prognostic signature for disease progression. Mechanistic studies of the underlying tumor supportive onco-metabolism reveal coordinated activities through which Cav-1 enables rewiring of cancer cell lipid metabolism towards a program of 1) exogenous sphingolipid scavenging independent of cholesterol, 2) increased cancer cell catabolism of sphingomyelins to ceramide derivatives and 3) altered ceramide metabolism that results in increased glycosphingolipid synthesis and efflux of Cav-1-sphingolipid particles containing mitochondrial proteins and lipids. We also demonstrate, using a prostate cancer syngeneic RM-9 mouse model and established cell lines, that this Cav-1-sphingolipid program evidences a metabolic vulnerability that is targetable to induce lethal mitophagy as an anti-tumor therapy.
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Yim SY, Hae NJ, Shin JH, Jeong YS, Kang SH, Park YN, Um SH, Lee JS. Identification of prognostic biomarker in predicting hepatocarcinogenesis from cirrhotic liver using protein and gene signatures. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 111:104319. [PMID: 31676327 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cirrhosis primes the liver for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, biomarkers that predict HCC in cirrhosis patients are lacking. Thus, we aimed to identify a biomarker directly from protein analysis and relate it with transcriptomic data to validate in larger cohorts. MATERIAL AND METHOD Forty-six patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC that arose from cirrhotic liver were enrolled. Reverse-phase protein array and microarray data of these patients were analyzed. Clinical validation was performed in two independent cohorts and functional validation using cell and tissue microarray (TMA). RESULTS Systematic analysis performed after selecting 20 proteins from 201 proteins with AUROC >70 effectively categorized patients into high (n = 20) or low (n = 26) risk HCC groups. Proteome-derived late recurrence (PDLR)-gene signature comprising 298 genes that significantly differed between high and low risk groups predicted HCC well in a cohort of 216 cirrhosis patients and also de novo HCC recurrence in a cohort of 259 patients who underwent hepatectomy. Among 20 proteins that were selected for analysis, caveolin-1 (CAV1) was the most dominant protein that categorized the patients into high and low risk groups (P < .001). In a multivariate analysis, compared with other clinical variables, the PDLR-gene signature remained as a significant predictor of HCC (HR 1.904, P = .01). In vitro experiments revealed that compared with mock-transduced immortalized liver cells, CAV1-transduced cells showed significantly increased proliferation (P < .001) and colony formation in soft agar (P < .033). TMA with immunohistochemistry showed that tissues with CAV1 expression were more likely to develop HCC than tissues without CAV1 expression (P = .047). CONCLUSION CAV1 expression predicts HCC development, making it a potential biomarker and target for preventive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Nahm Ji Hae
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Shin
- Department of Systems Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yun Seong Jeong
- Department of Systems Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sang-Hee Kang
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Nyun Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ho Um
- Department of Internal Medicine, University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Active surveillance for prostate and thyroid cancers: evolution in clinical paradigms and lessons learned. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2019; 16:168-184. [PMID: 30413793 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-018-0116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The adverse effects of overdiagnosis and overtreatment observed in men with clinically insignificant prostate cancers after the introduction of prostate-specific antigen-based screening are now being observed in those with thyroid cancer, owing to the introduction of new imaging technologies. Thus, the evolving paradigm of active surveillance in prostate and thyroid cancers might be valuable in informing the development of future active surveillance protocols. The lessons learned from active surveillance and their implications include the need to minimize the use of broad, population-based screening programmes that do not incorporate patient education and the need for individualized or shared decision-making, which can decrease the extent of overtreatment. Furthermore, from the experience in patients with prostate cancer, we have learned that consensus is required regarding the optimal selection of patients for active surveillance, using more-specific evidence-based methods for stratifying patients by risk. In this Review, we describe the epidemiology, pathology and screening guidelines for the management of patients with prostate and thyroid cancers; the evidence of overdiagnosis and overtreatment; and provide overviews of existing international active surveillance protocols.
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Kamibeppu T, Yamasaki K, Nakahara K, Nagai T, Terada N, Tsukino H, Mukai S, Kamoto T. Caveolin-1 and -2 regulate cell motility in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Res Rep Urol 2018; 10:135-144. [PMID: 30324095 PMCID: PMC6174915 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s173377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caveolin (Cav)-1 and Cav-2 are cell membrane proteins, which are structural proteins of caveolae and are reported to be positive regulators of cell survival and metastasis in prostate cancer (PC). In a previous study, we reported that elevated levels of Cav-1 and Cav-2 were significantly associated with PC progression. However, their functions in PC have not yet been clarified. In this study, we examined the function of Cav-1 and Cav-2 in PC cell invasiveness and motility. Materials and methods We introduced Cav-1- and Cav-2-specific small interfering into PC3 cells to knock-down (KD) both molecules. We also performed cell proliferation assay, wound healing assay, migration assay, and invasion assay using PC3 cells and compared the results between Cav-1-KD, Cav-2-KD, and negative control PC3 cells. In addition, we performed real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and RT2 Profiler PCR Array analysis to identify factors influencing migration. Results We observed no significant difference in the proliferative and invasive activities of Cav-1-KD and Cav-2-KD PC3 cells; however, the cell motility was significantly decreased compared with negative control PC3 cells. RT-qPCR revealed that the expression of vimentin and N-cadherin was downregulated in Cav-1-KD PC3 cells. In addition, PCR array revealed a decreased expression of MGAT5, MMP13, and MYCL in Cav-1-KD PC3 and ETV4, FGFR4, and SRC in Cav-2-KD PC3. Conclusion Cav-1 and Cav-2 may positively contribute to the upregulation of castration-resistant PC cell migration. Cav-induced regulation of several molecules including vimentin, N-cadherin, MGAT5, MMP13, MYCL, ETV4, FGFR4, and SRC may have an important role in PC3 cell motility. However, further examination will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoharu Kamibeppu
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Koji Yamasaki
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Kozue Nakahara
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Takahiro Nagai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Naoki Terada
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Hiromasa Tsukino
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Shoichiro Mukai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
| | - Toshiyuki Kamoto
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Japan,
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15
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Barbhuiya MA, Kashyap MK, Puttamallesh VN, Kumar RV, Wu X, Pandey A, Gowda H. Identification of spleen tyrosine kinase as a potential therapeutic target for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using reverse phase protein arrays. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18422-18434. [PMID: 29719615 PMCID: PMC5915082 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of esophageal cancers in China, India and Iran are esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). A timely diagnosis provides surgical removal as the main therapeutic option for patients with ESCC. Currently, there are no targeted therapies available for ESCC. We carried out reverse phase protein array-based protein expression profiling of seven ESCC-derivedcell lines and a non-neoplastic esophageal epithelial cell line (Het-1A) to identify differentially expressed proteins in ESCC. SYK non-receptortyrosine kinase was overexpressed in six out of seven ESCC cell lines that were used in the study. We evaluated the role of SYK in ESCC using the pharmacological inhibitor entospletinib (GS-9973) and siRNA-based knock down studies. Entospletinib is a selective inhibitor of SYK, which is currently being evaluated in phase II clinical trials for hematological malignancies. Using in vivo subcutaneous tumor xenografts in mice, we demonstrate that treatment with entospletinib significantly inhibits tumor growth. Further clinical studies are needed to prove the efficacy of entospletinib as a targeted therapeutic agent for treating ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A. Barbhuiya
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manoj K. Kashyap
- School of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Vinuth N. Puttamallesh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Rekha Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Xinyan Wu
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
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16
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Barbhuiya MA, Kashyap MK, Puttamallesh VN, Kumar RV, Wu X, Pandey A, Gowda H. Identification of spleen tyrosine kinase as a potential therapeutic target for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using reverse phase protein arrays. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29719615 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24853,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of esophageal cancers in China, India and Iran are esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). A timely diagnosis provides surgical removal as the main therapeutic option for patients with ESCC. Currently, there are no targeted therapies available for ESCC. We carried out reverse phase protein array-based protein expression profiling of seven ESCC-derivedcell lines and a non-neoplastic esophageal epithelial cell line (Het-1A) to identify differentially expressed proteins in ESCC. SYK non-receptortyrosine kinase was overexpressed in six out of seven ESCC cell lines that were used in the study. We evaluated the role of SYK in ESCC using the pharmacological inhibitor entospletinib (GS-9973) and siRNA-based knock down studies. Entospletinib is a selective inhibitor of SYK, which is currently being evaluated in phase II clinical trials for hematological malignancies. Using in vivo subcutaneous tumor xenografts in mice, we demonstrate that treatment with entospletinib significantly inhibits tumor growth. Further clinical studies are needed to prove the efficacy of entospletinib as a targeted therapeutic agent for treating ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A Barbhuiya
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manoj K Kashyap
- School of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Vinuth N Puttamallesh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Rekha Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Xinyan Wu
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
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17
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Kobayashi PE, Fonseca-Alves CE, Rivera-Calderón LG, Carvalho M, Kuasne H, Rogatto SR, Laufer-Amorim R. Deregulation of E-cadherin, β-catenin, APC and Caveolin-1 expression occurs in canine prostate cancer and metastatic processes. Res Vet Sci 2018. [PMID: 29529534 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease with high levels of clinical and gene heterogeneity, consequently offering several targets for therapy. Dogs with naturally occurring prostate cancer are useful models for molecular investigations and studying new treatment efficacy. Three genes and proteins associated with the WNT pathway (β-catenin, APC and E-cadherin) and Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) were evaluated in canine pre-neoplastic proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA), prostate cancer and metastatic disease. The APC gene methylation status was also investigated. As in human prostate cancer, cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin, which are fundamental for activating the canonical WNT pathway, were found in canine prostate cancer and metastasis. Membranous E-cadherin was also lost in these lesions, allowing cellular migration to the stroma and nuclear localization of β-catenin. In contrast to human prostate tumours, no APC downregulation or hypermethylation was found in canine prostate cancer. The CAV-1 gene and protein overexpression were found in canine prostate cancer, and as in humans, the highest levels were found in Gleason scores ≥8. In conclusion, as with human prostate cancer, β-catenin and E-cadherin in the WNT pathway, as well as Caveolin-1, are molecular drivers in canine prostate cancer. These findings provide additional evidence that dogs are useful models for studying new therapeutic targets in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila E Kobayashi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Fonseca-Alves
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis G Rivera-Calderón
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Carvalho
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Hellen Kuasne
- International Center for Research (CIPE), AC Camargo Hospital, Liberdade, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia R Rogatto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital and Institute of Regional Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Renée Laufer-Amorim
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Liu Z, Yu J, Wu R, Tang S, Cai X, Guo G, Chen S. Rho/ROCK Pathway Regulates Migration and Invasion of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating Caveolin-1. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:6174-6185. [PMID: 29288243 PMCID: PMC5757863 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis. Caveolin-1 (Cav1) and Rho/ROCK pathway play important roles in tumor metastasis, separately. However, less research was focused on the relationship between Cav1 and Rho/ROCK in ECSS metastasis. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between Cav1 and Rho/ROCK pathway in ESCC metastasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cav1 and phosphorylated Cav1 (PY14Cav1) were examined in ESCC and in adjacent and non-tumorous tissues from ESCC patients by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Cav1 or Rho/ROCK inhibitor was used to treat EC109, Eca109, TE1, and TE13 cells. Western blotting (WB) was used to detect Cav1 and PY14Cav1 expression. The wound healing scratch test and transwell assays were used to assess migration and invasion. RESULTS Cav1 and PY14Cav1 were gradually expressed at higher levels in ECSS than in adjacent and non-tumor tissues as ESCC stage and lymphatic metastasis increased, and this difference was significant (P<0.05). Cav1 was expressed at higher levels in TE1 and TE13 than in EC109 and Eca109, while PY14Cav1 was enhanced in TE1 and TE13 cells but not in EC109 and Eca109, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). TE1 and TE13 had significantly (P<0.05) stronger motility, migratory, and invasion abilities than EC109 and Eca109 cells. Silencing Cav1 decreased PY14Cav1 expression in TE1 and TE13 cells, as well as suppressing the migration and invasion of all ECSS cells, and these differences were significant (P<0.05). Suppressing the Rho/ROCK pathway obviously inhibited Cav1 and PY14Cav1 expressions, as well as significantly (P<0.05) decreasing migration and invasion of ESCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Cav1 and PY14Cav1 were positively correlated with ESCC lymphatic metastasis and cancer stages. Rho/ROCK pathway activation promoted ESCC metastasis by regulating Cav1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ruinuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shengxin Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoman Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Corresponding Authors: Guanghua Guo, e-mail: , Suzuan Chen, e-mail:
| | - Suzuan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Corresponding Authors: Guanghua Guo, e-mail: , Suzuan Chen, e-mail:
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19
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Preventing clinical progression and need for treatment in patients on active surveillance for prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol 2017; 28:46-54. [PMID: 29028765 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Active surveillance is an established treatment option for men with localized, low-risk prostate cancer (CaP). It entails the postponement of immediate therapy with the option of delayed intervention upon disease progression. The rate of clinical progression and need for treatment on active surveillance is approximately 50% over 15 years. The present review summarizes recent data on current methods, attempting to prevent clinical progression. RECENT FINDINGS Patient selection for active surveillance is the first mandatory step required to lower progression. Adherence to active surveillance protocols is critical in making sure patients are monitored well and treated early when progression occurs. Before active surveillance allocation and during active surveillance follow-up, methods involving multiparametric MRI, prostate specific antigen derivatives, biopsy factors, urinary, tissue and genetic markers can be used to prevent clinical progression and/or identify those at risk for progression. Medications such as 5α-reductase inhibitors and others might inhibit disease progression in patients on active surveillance. SUMMARY Active surveillance is required because of overdiagnosis, along with our inability to accurately predict individual CaP behavior. Several methods can potentially reduce the risk of CaP progression in patients with active surveillance. However, a measure of uncertainty and fear of progression will always accompany patients with active surveillance and the physicians treating them.
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20
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Basourakos SP, Davis JW, Chapin BF, Ward JF, Pettaway CA, Pisters LL, Navai N, Achim MF, Wang X, Chen HC, Choi S, Kuban D, Troncoso P, Hanash S, Thompson TC, Kim J. Baseline and longitudinal plasma caveolin-1 level as a biomarker in active surveillance for early-stage prostate cancer. BJU Int 2017; 121:69-76. [PMID: 28710901 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) as a predictor of disease reclassification (DR) in men with early prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance (AS). PATIENTS AND METHODS We analysed archived plasma samples prospectively collected from patients with early prostate cancer in a single-institution AS study. Of 825 patients enrolled, 542 had ≥1 year of follow-up. Baseline and longitudinal plasma Cav-1 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tumour volume or Gleason grade increases were criteria for DR. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations between clinicopathological characteristics and reclassification risk. RESULTS In 542 patients, 480 (88.6%) had stage cT1c disease, 542 (100.0%) had a median prostate-specific antigen level of 4.1 ng/mL, and 531 (98.0%) had a median Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment score of 1. In all, 473 (87.3%) had a Gleason score of 3+3. After a median of 3.1 years of follow-up, disease was reclassified in 163 patients (30.1%). The mean baseline Cav-1 level was 2.2 ± 8.5 ng/mL and the median 0.2 ng/mL (range, 0-85.5 ng/mL). In univariate analysis, baseline Cav-1 was a significant predictor for risk of DR (odds ratio [OR] 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-2.65; P = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, with adjustments for age, tumour length, group risk stratification and number of positive cores, reclassification risk associated with Cav-1 remained significant (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.28-2.84; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Baseline plasma Cav-1 level was an independent predictor of disease classification. New methods for refining AS and intervention may result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon P Basourakos
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John W Davis
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian F Chapin
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John F Ward
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Curtis A Pettaway
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louis L Pisters
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neema Navai
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary F Achim
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chun Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seungtaek Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Kuban
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sam Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeri Kim
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Vergara D, Stanca E, Guerra F, Priore P, Gaballo A, Franck J, Simeone P, Trerotola M, De Domenico S, Fournier I, Bucci C, Salzet M, Giudetti AM, Maffia M. β-Catenin Knockdown Affects Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Lipid Metabolism in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 8:544. [PMID: 28798698 PMCID: PMC5529387 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
β-catenin plays an important role as regulatory hub in several cellular processes including cell adhesion, metabolism, and epithelial mesenchymal transition. This is mainly achieved by its dual role as structural component of cadherin-based adherens junctions, and as a key nuclear effector of the Wnt pathway. For this dual role, different classes of proteins are differentially regulated via β-catenin dependent mechanisms. Here, we applied a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach to identify proteins modulated after β-catenin knockdown in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. We used a label free analysis to compare trypsin-digested proteins from CTR (shCTR) and β-catenin knockout cells (shβcat). This led to the identification of 98 differentially expressed proteins, 53 of them were up-regulated and 45 down-regulated. Loss of β-catenin induced morphological changes and a significant modulation of the expression levels of proteins associated with primary metabolic processes. In detail, proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle were found to be down-regulated, whereas proteins associated to lipid metabolism were found up-regulated in shβcat compared to shCTR. A loss of mitochondrial mass and membrane potential was also assessed by fluorescent probes in shβcat cells with respect to the controls. These data are consistent with the reduced expression of transcriptional factors regulating mitochondrial biogenesis detected in shβcat cells. β-catenin driven metabolic reprogramming resulted also in a significant modulation of lipogenic enzyme expression and activity. Compared to controls, β-catenin knockout cells showed increased incorporation of [1-14C]acetate and decreased utilization of [U-14C]glucose for fatty acid synthesis. Our data highlight a role of β-catenin in the regulation of metabolism and energy homeostasis in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of SalentoLecce, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Proteomic, "Giovanni Paolo II" HospitalLecce, Italy
| | - Eleonora Stanca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of SalentoLecce, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Proteomic, "Giovanni Paolo II" HospitalLecce, Italy
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of SalentoLecce, Italy
| | - Paola Priore
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of NanotechnologyLecce, Italy
| | | | - Julien Franck
- University of Lille, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISMLille, France
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Unit of Cytomorphology, CeSI-MeT and Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio"Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Trerotola
- Unit of Cancer Pathology, CeSI-MeT and Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio"Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Isabelle Fournier
- University of Lille, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISMLille, France
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of SalentoLecce, Italy
| | - Michel Salzet
- University of Lille, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U-1192 - Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISMLille, France
| | - Anna M Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of SalentoLecce, Italy
| | - Michele Maffia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of SalentoLecce, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical Proteomic, "Giovanni Paolo II" HospitalLecce, Italy
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22
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Mohammed DA, Helal DS. Prognostic significance of epithelial/stromal caveolin‐1 expression in prostatic hyperplasia, high grade prostatic intraepithelial hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma and its correlation with microvessel density. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2017; 29:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnci.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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23
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Fu P, Chen F, Pan Q, Zhao X, Zhao C, Cho WCS, Chen H. The different functions and clinical significances of caveolin-1 in human adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:819-835. [PMID: 28243118 PMCID: PMC5317307 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s123912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a major structural protein of caveolae, is an integral membrane protein which plays an important role in the progression of carcinoma. However, whether Cav-1 acts as a tumor promoter or a tumor suppressor still remains controversial. For example, the tumor-promoting function of Cav-1 has been found in renal cancer, prostate cancer, tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), lung SCC and bladder SCC. In contrast, Cav-1 also plays an inhibitory role in esophagus adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma and cutaneous SCC. The role of Cav-1 is still controversial in thyroid cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, breast cancer, pancreas cancer, oral SCC, laryngeal SCC, head and neck SCC, esophageal SCC and cervical SCC. Besides, it has been reported that the loss of stromal Cav-1 might predict poor prognosis in breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreas cancer, prostate cancer, oral SCC and esophageal SCC. However, the accumulation of stromal Cav-1 has been found to be promoted by the progression of tongue SCC. Taken together, Cav-1 seems playing a different role in different cancer subtypes even of the same organ, as well as acting differently in the same cancer subtype of different organs. Thus, we hereby explore the functions of Cav-1 in human adenocarcinoma and SCC from the perspective of clinical significances and pathogenesis. We envision that novel targets may come with the further investigation of Cav-1 in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Fu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Fuchun Chen
- Department of Thoracosurgery, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Thoracosurgery, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang
| | - Xianda Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | | | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Nguyen KCT, Cho KA. Versatile Functions of Caveolin-1 in Aging-related Diseases. Chonnam Med J 2017; 53:28-36. [PMID: 28184336 PMCID: PMC5299127 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2017.53.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a trans-membrane protein that is a major component of the caveolae structure on the plasma membrane. Cav-1 is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, endocytosis, and in particular it has been implied in cellular senescence. Here we review current knowledge about Cav-1 in cellular signaling and discuss the role of Cav-1 in aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Cuc Thi Nguyen
- Deparment of Life Science, ThaiNguyen University of Science, TanThinh Ward, ThaiNguyen, VietNam
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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25
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Nwosu ZC, Ebert MP, Dooley S, Meyer C. Caveolin-1 in the regulation of cell metabolism: a cancer perspective. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:71. [PMID: 27852311 PMCID: PMC5112640 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is an oncogenic membrane protein associated with endocytosis, extracellular matrix organisation, cholesterol distribution, cell migration and signaling. Recent studies reveal that CAV1 is involved in metabolic alterations – a critical strategy adopted by cancer cells to their survival advantage. Consequently, research findings suggest that CAV1, which is altered in several cancer types, influences tumour development or progression by controlling metabolism. Understanding the molecular interplay between CAV1 and metabolism could help uncover druggable metabolic targets or pathways of clinical relevance in cancer therapy. Here we review from a cancer perspective, the findings that CAV1 modulates cell metabolism with a focus on glycolysis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, glutaminolysis, fatty acid metabolism, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeribe Chike Nwosu
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.,Molecular Hepatology Section, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Matthias Philip Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.,Molecular Hepatology Section, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Christoph Meyer
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany. .,Molecular Hepatology Section, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany.
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miRNA-target network reveals miR-124as a key miRNA contributing to clear cell renal cell carcinoma aggressive behaviour by targeting CAV1 and FLOT1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12543-57. [PMID: 26002553 PMCID: PMC4494957 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an aggressive tumor with frequent metastatic rate and poor survival. Integrated analyses allow understanding the interplay between different levels of molecular alterations. We integrated miRNA and gene expression data from 458 ccRCC and 254 normal kidney specimens to construct a miRNA-target interaction network. We identified the downregulated miR-124-3p, -30a-5p and -200c-3p as the most influential miRNAs in RCC pathogenesis.miR-124-3p and miR-200c-3p expression showed association with patient survival, miR-30a-5p was downregulated in metastases compared to primary tumors. We used an independent set of 87 matched samples for validation. We confirmed the functional impact of these miRNAs by in vitro assays. Restoration of these miRNAs reduced migration, invasion and proliferation. miR-124-3p decreased the S phase of cell cycle, as well. We compared transcriptome profiling before and after miRNA overexpression, and validated CAV1 and FLOT1 as miR-124-3p targets. Patients with higher CAV1 and FLOT1 had lower miR-124-3p expression and shorter overall survival. We hypothesize that these three miRNAs are fundamental contributing to ccRCC aggressive/metastatic behavior; and miR-124-3p especially has a key role through regulating CAV1 and FLOT1 expression. Restoration of the levels of these miRNAs could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for ccRCC.
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Molee P, Adisakwattana P, Reamtong O, Petmitr S, Sricharunrat T, Suwandittakul N, Chaisri U. Up-regulation of AKAP13 and MAGT1 on cytoplasmic membrane in progressive hepatocellular carcinoma: a novel target for prognosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:9796-9811. [PMID: 26617690 PMCID: PMC4637775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and is associated with high mortality worldwide. The current gold standards for HCC surveillance are detection of serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) and ultrasonography; however, non-specificity of AFP and ultrasonography has frequently been reported. Therefore, alternative tools, especially novel specific tumor markers, are required. In this study, cytoplasmic membrane proteins were isolated from phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced invasive HepG2 cells and identified using nano-scale liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (NLC-MS/MS) with comparison to non-treated controls. The results showed that two proteins, magnesium transporter protein 1 (MAGT1) and A-kinase anchor protein 13 (AKAP13), were highly expressed in PMA-treated HepG2 cells. This up-regulation was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescent staining studies. Furthermore, evaluation of MAGT1 and AKAP13 expression in clinical HCC tissues by immunohistochemistry suggested that both proteins were strongly expressed in tumor tissues with significantly higher average immunoreactive scores of Remmele and Stegner (IRS) than in non-tumor tissues (P ≤ 0.005). In conclusion, the expression levels of MAGT1 and AKAP13 in HCC may be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patamaporn Molee
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityBangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Poom Adisakwattana
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityBangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityBangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Songsak Petmitr
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityBangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Nantana Suwandittakul
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityBangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Urai Chaisri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityBangkok 10400, Thailand
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28
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Karanika S, Karantanos T, Kurosaka S, Wang J, Hirayama T, Yang G, Park S, Golstov AA, Tanimoto R, Li L, Thompson TC. GLIPR1-ΔTM synergizes with docetaxel in cell death and suppresses resistance to docetaxel in prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:122. [PMID: 26084402 PMCID: PMC4484888 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Docetaxel is the first chemotherapy agent approved for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The limited survival benefit associated with the quick emergence of resistance and systemic toxicity diminished its efficacy. JNK-mediated apoptosis is one of the mechanisms of docetaxel activity whereas ERK1/2-c-Myc-CXCR4 signaling is implicated in the development of resistance and induction of migration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that the combination treatment with docetaxel and GLIPR1-ΔTM will synergistically induce greater cell death and inhibit the emergence of resistance and development of metastatic potential in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Methods The synergistic effects of the docetaxel and GLIPR1-ΔTM were evaluated with DNA fragmentation, DAPI staining and MTS using paired t-test and isobologram study. The effects of the drugs on JNK and ERK1/2-c-Myc-CXCR4 signaling were evaluated with Western blot, DNA fragmentation, and MTS assays using the JNK inhibitor SP600125, and CXCR4 siRNA. The results of docetaxel and GLIPR1-ΔTM combination on migration were examined with scratch assay using the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 while our hypothesis was examined in vivo using VCaP orthotopic xenograft model. Results We found that GLIPR1-ΔΤΜ synergized with docetaxel to induce apoptosis in VCaP and PC-3 PCa cells through induction of JNK signaling and concomitant inhibition of ERK1/2-c-Myc-CXCR4 signaling. We showed that JNK activation mediates the apoptotic effects of the drug combination and that CXCR4 knockdown increases its efficacy. We also found that the addition of GLIPR1-ΔΤΜ to docetaxel decreases the migration of VCaP and PC-3 cells. The combination treatment with docetaxel and GLIPR1-ΔTM inhibited tumor growth and decreased metastatic potential in VCaP xenografts more than single agents did. Conclusions Our data suggested that addition of GLIPR1-ΔTM treatment in PCa cells increases the efficacy of docetaxel and may inhibit the emergence of drug resistance; potentially permitting a decrease of docetaxel dose for patients with mCRPC eliminating its systemic toxicities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0395-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Karanika
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology - Research, Unit 18-3, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Theodoros Karantanos
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology - Research, Unit 18-3, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Shinji Kurosaka
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology - Research, Unit 18-3, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Takahiro Hirayama
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology - Research, Unit 18-3, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Sanghee Park
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology - Research, Unit 18-3, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Alexei A Golstov
- Department of Thoracic & Cardio Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Ryuta Tanimoto
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Likun Li
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology - Research, Unit 18-3, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology - Research, Unit 18-3, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, USA.
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Du C, Chen L, Zhang H, Wang Z, Liu W, Xie X, Xie M. Caveolin-1 limits the contribution of BKCa channel to MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20706-22. [PMID: 25397596 PMCID: PMC4264191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that caveolin-1 and large conductance Ca2+-activated potassium (BKCa) channels are implicated in the carcinogenesis processes, including cell proliferation and invasion. These two proteins have been proven to interact with each other in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and modulate vascular contractility. In this study, we investigated the probable interaction between caveolin-1 and BKCa in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We identified that caveolin-1 and BKCa were co-localized and could be reciprocally co-immunoprecipitated in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. siRNA mediated caveolin-1 knockdown resulted in activation and increased surface expression of BKCa channel, and subsequently promoted the proliferation and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. These effects were attenuated in the presence of BKCa-siRNA. Conversely, up-regulated caveolin-1 suppressed function and surface expression of BKCa channel and exerted negative effects on breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Similarly, these opposing effects were abrogated by BKCa up-regulation. Collectively, our findings suggest that BKCa is a critical target for suppression by caveolin-1 in suppressing proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. The functional complex of caveolin-1 and BKCa in the membrane microdomain may be served as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Du
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Zhongchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China.
| | - Manjiang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Gupta R, Toufaily C, Annabi B. Caveolin and cavin family members: dual roles in cancer. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt B:188-202. [PMID: 25241255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae are specialized plasma membrane subdomains with distinct lipid and protein compositions, which play an essential role in cell physiology through regulation of trafficking and signaling functions. The structure and functions of caveolae have been shown to require the proteins caveolins. Recently, members of the cavin protein family were found to be required, in concert with caveolins, for the formation and function of caveolae. Caveolins have a paradoxical role in the development of cancer formation. They have been involved in both tumor suppression and oncogenesis, depending on tumor type and progress stage. High expression of caveolins and cavins leads to inhibition of cancer-related pathways, such as growth factor signaling pathways. However, certain cancer cells that express caveolins and cavins have been shown to be more aggressive and metastatic because of their increased potential for anchorage-independent growth. Here, we will survey the functional roles of caveolins and of different cavin family members in cancer regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshu Gupta
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Chirine Toufaily
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
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31
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Chen D, Che G. Value of caveolin-1 in cancer progression and prognosis: Emphasis on cancer-associated fibroblasts, human cancer cells and mechanism of caveolin-1 expression (Review). Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1409-1421. [PMID: 25202343 PMCID: PMC4156192 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is found predominately in terminally differentiated cells, such as adipocytes, endothelia and smooth muscle cells, as well as type I pneumocytes. As a main structural component of caveolae, Cav-1 is important in modulating cellular signaling. In the present study, the expression and clinical role of Cav-1 were analyzed in tumor stromal and human cancer cells, respectively. The results of previous studies have shown that the downregulation of tumor stromal Cav-1 promotes tumor survival and predicts a poor tumor prognosis, predominantly concentrating on the mechanism of the metabolism of the cancer microenvironment (according to the autophagic tumor stroma model of cancer metabolism and the reverse Warburg effect). However, contradictory results concerning the expression, clinical roles and associated mechanisms of Cav-1 have been reported. An improved understanding of Cav-1 expression in tumor stromal and cancer cells will increase knowledge with regard to the clinical value of Cav-1 and its detailed mechanisms. This review summarizes the novel data concerning the clinical values and probable mechanisms of Cav-1 expression in tumor stromal (predominantly in cancer-associated fibroblasts) and cancer cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Zhang C, Yin C, Wang L, Zhang S, Qian Y, Ma J, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Liu S. HSPC111 governs breast cancer growth by regulating ribosomal biogenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:583-94. [PMID: 24425784 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Activation of c-Myc plays a decisive role in the development of many human cancers. As a transcription factor, c-Myc facilitates cell growth and proliferation by directly transcribing a multitude of targets, including rRNAs and ribosome proteins. However, how to elucidate the deregulation of rRNAs and ribosome proteins driven by c-Myc in cancer remains a significant challenge and thus warrants close investigation. In this report, a crucial role for the HSPC111 (NOP16) multiprotein complex in governing ribosomal biogenesis and tumor growth was determined. It was discovered that enhanced HSPC111 expression paralleled the upregulation of c-Myc and was directly regulated by c-Myc in breast cancer cells. Knockdown of HSPC111 dramatically reduced the occurrence of tumorigenesis in vivo, and largely restrained tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In stark contrast, HSPC111 overexpression significantly promoted tumor cell growth. Biochemically, it was demonstrated that RNA 3'-phosphate cyclase (RTCD1/RTCA) interacted with HSPC111, and RTCD1 was involved in the HSPC111 multiprotein complex in regulating rRNA production and ribosomal biogenesis. Moreover, HSPC111 and RTCD1 synergistically modulated cell growth and cellular size through commanding rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly coupled to protein production. Finally, overall survival analysis revealed that concomitant upregulation of HSPC111 and RTCD1 correlated with the worst prognosis in a breast cancer cohort. IMPLICATIONS Inhibition of HSPC111-dependent ribosomal biosynthesis and protein synthesis is a promising therapeutic strategy to diminish breast cancer tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China or Professor Yong Xu, Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin 300211, China.
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Matsui T, Higashimoto Y, Taira J, Yamagishi SI. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) binds to caveolin-1 and inhibits the pro-inflammatory effects of caveolin-1 in endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:405-10. [PMID: 24161393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) exerts atheroprotective effects both in cell culture and animal models through its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Caveolin-1 (Cav), a major protein component of caveolae in endothelial cells (ECs), plays a role in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, effects of PEDF on Cav-exposed ECs remain unknown. In this study, we examined whether and how PEDF could inhibit the Cav-induced inflammatory and thrombogenic reactions in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). Surface plasmon resonance revealed that PEDF bound to Cav at the dissociation constant of 7.36×10(-7) M. Further, one of the major Cav-interacting proteins in human serum was identified as PEDF by peptide mass fingerprinting analysis using BIAcore 1000 combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Exogenously added Cav was taken up into the membrane fraction of HUVECs and dose-dependently increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mRNA levels, all of which were blocked by the simultaneous treatment with 10nM PEDF. Small interfering RNAs directed against Cav decreased endogenous Cav levels and suppressed gene expression of MCP-1, VCAM-1 and PAI-1 in HUVECs. This study indicates that PEDF binds to Cav and could block the inflammatory and thrombogenic reactions in Cav-exposed HUVECs. Our present study suggests that atheroprotective effects of PEDF might be partly ascribed to its Cav-interacting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Takizawa N, Sawada S, Chosa N, Ishisaki A, Naruishi K. Secreted caveolin-1 enhances periodontal inflammation by targeting gingival fibroblasts. Biomed Res 2013; 34:1-11. [PMID: 23428975 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.34.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a membrane protein. Recently, it has been reported that secreted Cav-1 induces angiogenesis in inflammatory microenvironment. However, it is unclear that Cav-1 regulates gingival inflammation. Therefore, we investigated the Cav-1 function to periodontal cells. Expression of Cav-1 in human periodontitis tissues was examined pathologically. Secretion of Cav-1 from human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) or human periodontal ligament cells (HPLFs) treated with IL-1β and TNF-α was examined using Western blotting. Likewise, intracellular signals induced by Cav-1 were examined. Finally, we examined whether the secreted Cav-1 induces production of inflammatory mediators in HGFs using ELISA or qRT-PCR. Pathologically, high expression of Cav-1 was observed in human periodontitis tissues. Cav-1 secretion increased in both cultured HGFs and HPLFs treated with IL-1β and TNF-α. Cav-1 induced phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, but not Stat3 in HGFs. Furthermore, Cav-1 increased proMMP-1 and VEGF secretion in HGFs, and the VEGF secretion was statistically suppressed by JNK inhibitor SP600125, but not ERK inhibitor PD98059. ProMMP-1 secretion was suppressed statistically by both SP600125 and PD98059. In addition, Cav-1 increased significantly MMP-1, -10 and -14 mRNA expressions, whereas no increase of TIMPs mRNA was observed in HGFs treated with Cav-1. These data suggest that secreted Cav-1 derived from periodontal fibroblastic cells enhances inflammation-related several proteases and VEGF secretion in HGFs via MAPKs pathway, resulting in progression of periodontitis through induction of tissue degradation or angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takizawa
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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Nassar ZD, Hill MM, Parton RG, Parat MO. Caveola-forming proteins caveolin-1 and PTRF in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2013; 10:529-36. [PMID: 23938946 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2013.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The expression of caveola-forming proteins is dysregulated in prostate cancer. Caveolae are flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane that have roles in membrane trafficking and cell signalling. Members of two families of proteins--caveolins and cavins--are known to be required for the formation and functions of caveolae. Caveolin-1, the major structural protein of caveolae, is overexpresssed in prostate cancer and has been demonstrated to be involved in prostate cancer angiogenesis, growth and metastasis. Polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) is the only cavin family member necessary for caveola formation. When exogenously expressed in prostate cancer cells, PTRF reduces aggressive potential, probably via both caveola-mediated and caveola-independent mechanisms. In addition, stromal PTRF expression decreases with progression of the disease. Evaluation of caveolin-1 antibodies in the clinical setting is underway and it is hoped that future studies will reveal the mechanisms of PTRF action, allowing its targeting for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad D Nassar
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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36
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Prostate cancer progression after androgen deprivation therapy: mechanisms of castrate resistance and novel therapeutic approaches. Oncogene 2013; 32:5501-11. [PMID: 23752182 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men in Western societies. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a critical survival pathway for prostate cancer cells, and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the principal treatment for patients with locally advanced and metastatic disease. Although a majority of patients initially respond to ADT, most will eventually develop castrate resistance, defined as disease progression despite serum testosterone levels of <20 ng/dl. The recent discovery that AR signaling persists during systemic castration via intratumoral production of androgens led to the development of novel anti-androgen therapies including abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide. Although these agents effectively palliate symptoms and prolong life, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer remains incurable. An increased understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of castrate resistance is therefore needed to develop novel therapeutic approaches for this disease. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on the biology and treatment of castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
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Fujita T, Satoh T, Timme TL, Hirayama T, Zhu JX, Kusaka N, Naruishi K, Yang G, Goltsov A, Wang J, Vlachaki MT, Teh BS, Brian Butler E, Thompson TC. Combined therapeutic effects of adenoviral vector-mediated GLIPR1 gene therapy and radiotherapy in prostate and bladder cancer models. Urol Oncol 2013; 32:92-100. [PMID: 23433894 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to explore the potential benefits of combining AdGlipr1 (or AdGLIPR1) gene therapy with radiotherapy using subcutaneous prostate and bladder cancer models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Combination adenoviral vector-mediated gene therapy and radiotherapy were applied to 178-2 BMA and TSU-Pr1 cells in vitro and colony formation and apoptosis were analyzed. In addition, combination therapies were administered to mice bearing subcutaneous 178-2 BMA and TSU-Pr1 tumors, and tumor growth suppression and survival extension were compared with the monotherapies (AdGlipr1/AdGLIPR1 and radiotherapy) or control vector Adv/CMV/βgal, as well as single-cycle treatment with 2-cycle treatment. RESULTS Combination treatment significantly suppressed colony formation and increased apoptosis in vitro. In vivo, combination therapy produced significant 178-2 BMA and TSU-Pr1 tumor growth suppression and survival extension compared with the monotherapies or the control. Further tumor growth suppression and survival extension were observed after 2 cycles of the combination treatment. CONCLUSIONS Combining AdGlipr1 (AdGLIPR1) with radiotherapy may achieve additive or synergistic tumor control in selected prostate and bladder tumors, and additional therapeutic effects may result with repeated treatment cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Fujita
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Takefumi Satoh
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Terry L Timme
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Takahiro Hirayama
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Julie X Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Nobuyuki Kusaka
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Koji Naruishi
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alexei Goltsov
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Maria T Vlachaki
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Bin S Teh
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - E Brian Butler
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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Chen L, Qu G, Zhang C, Zhang S, He J, Sang N, Liu S. Quantum dots (QDs) restrain human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell proliferation through inhibition of the ROCK-c-Myc signaling. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 5:590-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ib20269g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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