1
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Cha S, Jang KL. Hepatitis B virus X protein stimulates cell growth by downregulating p16 levels via PA28γ-mediated proteasomal degradation. J Gen Virol 2021; 101:963-971. [PMID: 32568029 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomal activator 28 gamma (PA28γ), an essential constituent of the 20S proteasome responsible for ubiquitin-independent degradation of target proteins, is frequently overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, we have reported that hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) activates PA28γ expression in human hepatocytes via upregulation of p53 levels; however, its role in HBV tumorigenesis remains unknown. Here, we found that HBx-activated PA28γ downregulates p16 levels via ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation. As a result, HBx activated the Rb-E2F pathway and stimulated G1/S cell cycle progression, resulting in an increase in cell proliferation. The potential of HBx to induce these effects was reproduced in a 1.2-mer HBV replicon and in in vitro HBV infection systems and was almost completely abolished by either PA28γ knockdown or p16 overexpression, demonstrating the critical role of the PA28γ-mediated p16 degradation in HBV tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungkyung Cha
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Lib Jang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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2
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Genomic profiling of the transcription factor Zfp148 and its impact on the p53 pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14156. [PMID: 32843651 PMCID: PMC7447789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that the transcription factor Zfp148 represses activation of the tumor suppressor p53 in mice and that therapeutic targeting of the human orthologue ZNF148 could activate the p53 pathway without causing detrimental side effects. We have previously shown that Zfp148 deficiency promotes p53-dependent proliferation arrest of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Here, we showed that Zfp148 deficiency downregulated cell cycle genes in MEFs in a p53-dependent manner. Proliferation arrest of Zfp148-deficient cells required increased expression of ARF, a potent activator of the p53 pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that Zfp148 bound to the ARF promoter, suggesting that Zfp148 represses ARF transcription. However, Zfp148 preferentially bound to promoters of other transcription factors, indicating that deletion of Zfp148 may have pleiotropic effects that activate ARF and p53 indirectly. In line with this, we found no evidence of genetic interaction between TP53 and ZNF148 in CRISPR and siRNA screen data from hundreds of human cancer cell lines. We conclude that Zfp148 deficiency, by increasing ARF transcription, downregulates cell cycle genes and cell proliferation in a p53-dependent manner. However, the lack of genetic interaction between ZNF148 and TP53 in human cancer cells suggests that therapeutic targeting of ZNF148 may not increase p53 activity in humans.
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3
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Coux O, Zieba BA, Meiners S. The Proteasome System in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:55-100. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Song W, Guo C, Chen J, Duan S, Hu Y, Zou Y, Chi H, Geng J, Zhou J. Silencing PSME3 induces colorectal cancer radiosensitivity by downregulating the expression of cyclin B1 and CKD1. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1409-1418. [PMID: 31630568 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219883408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to radiotherapy remains a severe obstacle in the treatment of high-risk colorectal cancer patients. Recent studies have indicated that proteasome activator complex subunit 3 (PSME3) participates in the development and progression of various human malignancies and is proposed to play a role in tumor radioresistance. However, the impact of PSME3 on radioresistance of colorectal cancer has been largely unknown. In the present study, the enhanced expression of PSME3 was observed in colorectal cancer cells and tissue. Upregulation of PSME3 was significantly implicated in lymph node state, lymphovascular invasion, and Dukes' stage. Furthermore, high PSME3 expression was closely linked to poorer overall and progression-free survival in patients with colorectal cancer. The study further demonstrated that the proliferative, invasive and migratory potential of colorectal cancer cells was effectively inhibited in vitro after silencing PSME3. Our results verified that knockdown of PSME3 probably triggered cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by downregulation of cyclinB1 and CDK1, thereby enhancing the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells. These data illustrated that PSME3 is a promising biomarker predictive of colorectal cancer prognosis and silencing of PSME3 may provide with a new approach for sensitizing the radiotherapy in colorectal cancer. Impact statement It is reported that colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. At present, the main treatment method of colorectal cancer is surgery, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Among them, radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of locally advanced colorectal cancer, surgery, and chemotherapy. Our study found that down-regulation of PSME3 may enhance the radiosensitivity of CRC cells by triggering cell cycle arrest, which suggests that silence PSME3 may provide a new method for improving the radiosensitivity of CRC. What’more, our research also demonstrated that PSME3 may promote proliferation, invasive and migratory potential of CRC cells, which implies that PSME3 might be a biomarker of CRC for early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Song
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cuiping Guo
- Department of Emergency, Zhumadian Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Jianxiong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shiyu Duan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yukun Hu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Honggang Chi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jian Geng
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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5
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Xie SC, Metcalfe RD, Hanssen E, Yang T, Gillett DL, Leis AP, Morton CJ, Kuiper MJ, Parker MW, Spillman NJ, Wong W, Tsu C, Dick LR, Griffin MDW, Tilley L. The structure of the PA28-20S proteasome complex from Plasmodium falciparum and implications for proteostasis. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1990-2000. [PMID: 31384003 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the proteasome 20S catalytic core is regulated by protein complexes that bind to one or both ends. The PA28 regulator stimulates 20S proteasome peptidase activity in vitro, but its role in vivo remains unclear. Here, we show that genetic deletion of the PA28 regulator from Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) renders malaria parasites more sensitive to the antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin, indicating that PA28 may play a role in protection against proteotoxic stress. The crystal structure of PfPA28 reveals a bell-shaped molecule with an inner pore that has a strong segregation of charges. Small-angle X-ray scattering shows that disordered loops, which are not resolved in the crystal structure, extend from the PfPA28 heptamer and surround the pore. Using single particle cryo-electron microscopy, we solved the structure of Pf20S in complex with one and two regulatory PfPA28 caps at resolutions of 3.9 and 3.8 Å, respectively. PfPA28 binds Pf20S asymmetrically, strongly engaging subunits on only one side of the core. PfPA28 undergoes rigid body motions relative to Pf20S. Molecular dynamics simulations support conformational flexibility and a leaky interface. We propose lateral transfer of short peptides through the dynamic interface as a mechanism facilitating the release of proteasome degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley C Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Riley D Metcalfe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Advanced Microscopy Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David L Gillett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P Leis
- Advanced Microscopy Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig J Morton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Michael W Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie J Spillman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wilson Wong
- Infection and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Tsu
- Oncology Clinical R&D, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence R Dick
- Oncology Clinical R&D, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael D W Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Leann Tilley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Zheng Y, Shimamoto S, Maruno T, Kobayashi Y, Matsuura Y, Kawahara K, Yoshida T, Ohkubo T. N-terminal HCV core protein fragment decreases 20S proteasome activity in the presence of PA28γ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 509:590-595. [PMID: 30602418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein plays a crucial role in the development of chronic liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its involvement in these diseases is reportedly abolished by a knockout of the proteasome activator PA28γ gene in transgenic mice, suggesting an interaction between the core protein and the PA28γ-proteasome system. This study found a direct interaction between the N-terminal 1-71 fragment of HCV core protein (Core71) and PA28γ in vitro, and that this interaction was found to enhance PA28γ-20S proteasome complex formation. While 20S proteasome activity was increased by PA28γ, it was significantly reduced by Core71 attachment in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the Core-PA28γ interaction has an important role in regulating 20S proteasome activity and furthers our understanding of the pathogenesis of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shimamoto
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruno
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kawahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadayasu Ohkubo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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7
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Jonik-Nowak B, Menneteau T, Fesquet D, Baldin V, Bonne-Andrea C, Méchali F, Fabre B, Boisguerin P, de Rossi S, Henriquet C, Pugnière M, Ducoux-Petit M, Burlet-Schiltz O, Lamond AI, Fort P, Boulon S, Bousquet MP, Coux O. PIP30/FAM192A is a novel regulator of the nuclear proteasome activator PA28γ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6477-E6486. [PMID: 29934401 PMCID: PMC6048556 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722299115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PA28γ is a nuclear activator of the 20S proteasome involved in the regulation of several essential cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, nuclear dynamics, and cellular stress response. Unlike the 19S regulator of the proteasome, which specifically recognizes ubiquitylated proteins, PA28γ promotes the degradation of several substrates by the proteasome in an ATP- and ubiquitin-independent manner. However, its exact mechanisms of action are unclear and likely involve additional partners that remain to be identified. Here we report the identification of a cofactor of PA28γ, PIP30/FAM192A. PIP30 binds directly and specifically via its C-terminal end and in an interaction stabilized by casein kinase 2 phosphorylation to both free and 20S proteasome-associated PA28γ. Its recruitment to proteasome-containing complexes depends on PA28γ and its expression increases the association of PA28γ with the 20S proteasome in cells. Further dissection of its possible roles shows that PIP30 alters PA28γ-dependent activation of peptide degradation by the 20S proteasome in vitro and negatively controls in cells the presence of PA28γ in Cajal bodies by inhibition of its association with the key Cajal body component coilin. Taken together, our data show that PIP30 deeply affects PA28γ interactions with cellular proteins, including the 20S proteasome, demonstrating that it is an important regulator of PA28γ in cells and thus a new player in the control of the multiple functions of the proteasome within the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jonik-Nowak
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Menneteau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, Université de Toulouse-Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Fesquet
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Baldin
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Bonne-Andrea
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Francisca Méchali
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Bertrand Fabre
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, Université de Toulouse-Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Prisca Boisguerin
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain de Rossi
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie (MRI) Facility, Biocampus UMS3426, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Henriquet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM) - INSERM U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Pugnière
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM) - INSERM U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Manuelle Ducoux-Petit
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, Université de Toulouse-Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, Université de Toulouse-Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Angus I Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, DD1 5HL Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Fort
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Séverine Boulon
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Marie-Pierre Bousquet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, Université de Toulouse-Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France;
| | - Olivier Coux
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France;
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8
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Liu S, Liu D, Zeng X, Wang J, Liu J, Cheng J, Lei K, Bai H, Ji N, Zhou M, Jiang L, Dan H, Li J, Chen Q. PA28γ acts as a dual regulator of IL-6 and CCL2 and contributes to tumor angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2018; 428:192-200. [PMID: 29702196 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PA28γ promotes tumor development and progression and is suggested to play a role in tumor angiogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms have not been investigated. Here, we found that PA28γ enhanced the ability of OSCC cells to promote the migration, invasion, and tube formation of HUVECs and promoted tumor-induced angiogenesis in xenograft mice models in vivo. Then, a mechanism study revealed that the expression and secretion of IL-6 and CCL2 were dependent on PA28γ expression. Furthermore, blocking IL-6 or CCL2 or the transcription factor NF-κB induced the inhibition of tube formation in HUVECs co-cultured with PA28γ-overexpression OSCC cell supernatants. Moreover, we revealed that p-STAT3 and p-AKT, which are downstream of the IL-6 and CCL2 signaling axis, were downregulated in HUVECs co-cultured with the PA28γ-silenced supernatant and were upregulated with the PA28γ-overexpressing supernatant. In addition, IL-6, CCL2 and PA28γ expressions were correlated in a clinical OSCC cohort. Collectively, our study indicates that PA28γ contributes to tumor angiogenesis by regulating IL-6 and CCL2. PA28γ may be a novel therapeutic target as a dual regulator of IL-6 and CCL2 for treating PA28γ-positive OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongjuan Liu
- Department of Emergency and Oral Medicine, The School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Institute of Dental Research, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Liaoning Province Translational Medicine Research Center of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiongke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junxin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kexin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hetian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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9
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Inoue K, Fry EA. Aberrant Expression of p14 ARF in Human Cancers: A New Biomarker? TUMOR & MICROENVIRONMENT 2018; 1:37-44. [PMID: 30740529 PMCID: PMC6364748 DOI: 10.4103/tme.tme_24_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ARF and INK4a genes are located on the CDKN2a locus, both showing tumor suppressive activity. ARF has been shown to monitor potentially harmful oncogenic signalings, making early stage cancer cells undergo senescence or programmed cell death to prevent cancer. Conversely, INK4a detects both aging and incipient cancer cell signals, and thus these two gene functions are different. The efficiency of detection of oncogenic signals is more efficient for the for the former than the latter in the mouse system. Both ARF and INK4a genes are inactivated by gene deletion, promoter methylation, frame shift, aberrant splicing although point mutations for the coding region affect only the latter. Recent studies show the splicing alterations that affect only ARF or both ARF and INK4a genes suggesting that ARF is inactivated in human tumors more frequently than what was previously thought. The ARF gene is activated by E2Fs and Dmp1 transcription factors while it is repressed by Bmi1, Tbx2/3, Twist1, and Pokemon nuclear proteins. It is also regulated at protein levels by Arf ubiquitin ligase named ULF, MKRN1, and Siva1. The prognostic value of ARF overexpression is controversial since it is induced in early stage cancer cells to eliminate pre-malignant cells (better prognosis); however, it may also indicate that the tumor cells have mutant p53 associated with worse prognosis. The ARF tumor suppressive protein can be used as a biomarker to detect early stage cancer cells as well as advanced stage tumors with p53 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Elizabeth A. Fry
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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10
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Abstract
The ARF and INK4a genes are located in the same CDKN2a locus, both showing its tumor suppressive activity. ARF has been shown to detect potentially harmful oncogenic signals, making incipient cancer cells undergo senescence or apoptosis. INK4a, on the other hand, responds to signals from aging in a variety of tissues including islets of Langerhans, neuronal cells, and cancer stem cells in general. It also detects oncogenic signals from incipient cancer cells to induce them senescent to prevent neoplastic transformation. Both of these genes are inactivated by gene deletion, promoter methylation, frame shift, and aberrant splicing although mutations changing the amino acid sequences affect only the latter. Recent studies indicated that polycomb gene products EZH2 and BMI1 repressed p16INK4a expression in primary cells, but not in cells deficient for pRB protein function. It was also reported that that p14ARF inhibits the stability of the p16INK4a protein in human cancer cell lines and mouse embryonic fibroblasts through its interaction with regenerating islet-derived protein 3γ. Overexpression of INK4a is associated with better prognosis of cancer when it is associated with human papilloma virus infection. However, it has a worse prognostic value in other tumors since it is an indicator of pRB loss. The p16INK4a tumor suppressive protein can thus be used as a biomarker to detect early stage cancer cells as well as advanced tumor cells with pRB inactivation since it is not expressed in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
| | - Elizabeth A Fry
- The Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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11
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Yi Z, Yang D, Liao X, Guo F, Wang Y, Wang X. PSME3 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition with inducing the expression of CSC markers and immunosuppression in breast cancer. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:87-93. [PMID: 28529105 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteasome activator subunit 3 (PSME3) plays a key role in breast cancer by regulating the cell cycle. However, its role in other pathogenesis-related features of breast cancer is unclear. In this study, we found that overexpression of PSME3 induced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and contributed to induce the expression of cancer stem cell markers of the MDA-MB-231 cell line, thus increasing the migration, and invasion of the cells. Moreover, overexpression of PSME3 reduced the chemotaxis of CD8+ T cells and induced the apoptosis of T cells in vitro. Furthermore, PSME3 knockdown increased the number of CD8+ T cells in vivo and reduced the subcutaneous tumor growth rate. These findings revealed that PSME3 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition with inducing the expression of CSC markers and influencing the tumor immune microenvironment in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Yi
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dejuan Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuelian Liao
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuchun Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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12
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p14ARF interacts with the focal adhesion kinase and protects cells from anoikis. Oncogene 2017; 36:4913-4928. [PMID: 28436949 PMCID: PMC5582215 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ARF protein functions as an important sensor of hyper-proliferative stimuli restricting cell proliferation through both p53-dependent and -independent pathways. Although to date the majority of studies on ARF have focused on its anti-proliferative role, few studies have addressed whether ARF may also have pro-survival functions. Here we show for the first time that during the process of adhesion and spreading ARF re-localizes to sites of active actin polymerization and to focal adhesion points where it interacts with the phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase. In line with its recruitment to focal adhesions, we observe that hampering ARF function in cancer cells leads to gross defects in cytoskeleton organization resulting in apoptosis through a mechanism dependent on the Death-Associated Protein Kinase. Our data uncover a novel function for p14ARF in protecting cells from anoikis that may reflect its role in anchorage independence, a hallmark of malignant tumor cells.
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13
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Parroche P, Roblot G, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Tout I, Marotel M, Malfroy M, Durand G, McKay J, Ainouze M, Carreira C, Allatif O, Traverse-Glehen A, Mendiola M, Pozo-Kreilinger JJ, Caux C, Tommasino M, Goutagny N, Hasan UA. TLR9 re-expression in cancer cells extends the S-phase and stabilizes p16(INK4a) protein expression. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e244. [PMID: 27454079 PMCID: PMC4972902 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognizes bacterial, viral or cell damage-associated DNA, which initiates innate immune responses. We have previously shown that TLR9 expression is downregulated in several viral induced cancers including HPV16-induced cervical neoplasia. Findings supported that downregulation of TLR9 expression is involved in loss of anti-viral innate immunity allowing an efficient viral replication. Here we investigated the role of TLR9 in altering the growth of transformed epithelial cells. Re-introducing TLR9 under the control of an exogenous promoter in cervical or head and neck cancer patient-derived cells reduced cell proliferation, colony formation and prevented independent growth of cells under soft agar. Neither TLR3, 7, nor the TLR adapter protein MyD88 expression had any effect on cell proliferation, indicating that TLR9 has a unique role in controlling cell growth. The reduction of cell growth was not due to apoptosis or necrosis, yet we observed that cells expressing TLR9 were slower in entering the S-phase of the cell cycle. Microarray-based gene expression profiling analysis highlighted a strong interferon (IFN) signature in TLR9-expressing head and neck cancer cells, with an increase in IFN-type I and IL-29 expression (IFN-type III), yet neither IFN-type I nor IL-29 production was responsible for the block in cell growth. We observed that the protein half-life of p16(INK4a) was increased in TLR9-expressing cells. Taken together, these data show for the first time that TLR9 affects the cell cycle by regulating p16(INK4a) post-translational modifications and highlights the role of TLR9 in the events that lead to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Parroche
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - G Roblot
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - F Le Calvez-Kelm
- IARC-International Agency for Research on Cancer 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, France
| | - I Tout
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M Marotel
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M Malfroy
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon France
| | - G Durand
- IARC-International Agency for Research on Cancer 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, France
| | - J McKay
- IARC-International Agency for Research on Cancer 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, France
| | - M Ainouze
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - C Carreira
- IARC-International Agency for Research on Cancer 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, France
| | - O Allatif
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - M Mendiola
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, Research Insitute (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain and Molecular Pathology Diagnostics Unit, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - C Caux
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon France
| | - M Tommasino
- IARC-International Agency for Research on Cancer 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, France
| | - N Goutagny
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon France
| | - U A Hasan
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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14
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Lack of Correlation between Aberrant p16, RAR-β2, TIMP3, ERCC1, and BRCA1 Protein Expression and Promoter Methylation in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Accompanying Candida albicans-Induced Inflammation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159090. [PMID: 27410681 PMCID: PMC4943641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperplastic candidiasis is characterized by thickening of the mucosal epithelia with Candida albicans infection with occasional progression to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). C. albicans is a critical factor in tumor development; however, the oncogenic mechanism is unclear. We have previously produced an animal model for hyperplastic candidiasis in the rat forestomach. In the present study, we investigate whether impaired DNA methylation and associated protein expression of tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes are involved in the SCC carcinogenesis process using this hyperplastic candidiasis model. Promoter methylation and protein expression were analyzed by methylation specific PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively, of 5 areas in the forestomachs of alloxan-induced diabetic rats with hyperplastic candidiasis: normal squamous epithelia, squamous hyperplasia, squamous hyperplasia adjacent to SCC, squamous hyperplasia transitioning to SCC, and SCC. We observed nuclear p16 overexpression despite increases in p16 gene promoter methylation during the carcinogenic process. TIMP3 and RAR-β2 promoter methylation progressed until the precancerous stage but disappeared upon malignant transformation. In comparison, TIMP3 protein expression was suppressed during carcinogenesis and RAR-β2 expression was attenuated in the cytoplasm but enhanced in nuclei. ERCC1 and BRCA1 promoters were not methylated at any stage; however, their protein expression disappeared beginning at hyperplasia and nuclear protein re-expression in SCC was observed only for ERCC1. These results suggest that aberrant p16, RAR-β2, TIMP3, ERCC1, and BRCA1 expression might occur that is inconsistent with the respective gene promoter methylation status, and that this overexpression might serve to promote the inflammatory carcinogenesis caused by C. albicans infection.
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15
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Lv Y, Meng B, Dong H, Jing T, Wu N, Yang Y, Huang L, Moses RE, O'Malley BW, Mei B, Li X. Upregulation of GSK3β Contributes to Brain Disorders in Elderly REGγ-knockout Mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1340-9. [PMID: 26370326 PMCID: PMC4793118 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
GSK3β regulates some functions of the brain, but the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of GSK3β protein stability remain ambiguous. REGγ, an important proteasome activator for ubiquitin-independent protein degradation, has been shown to degrade certain intact proteins and is involved in the regulation of important biological processes. Here we demonstrate that REGγ promotes the degradation of GSK3β protein in vitro and in vivo. With increased GSK3β activity, REGγ knockout (REGγ-/-) mice exhibit late-onset sensorimotor gating and cognitive deficiencies including decreased working memory, hyperlocomotion, increased stereotype, defective prepulse inhibition (PPI), and disability in nest building, at the age of 8 months or older. Inhibition of GSK3β rescued the compromised PPI phenotypes and working memory deficiency in the knockout mice. Also, we found an age-dependent decrease in the trypsin-like proteasomal activity in REGγ-/- mice brains, which may be reflective of a lack of degradation of GSK3β. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel regulatory pathway in which the REGγ-proteasome controls the steady-state level of GSK3β protein. Dysfunction in this non-canonical proteasome degradation pathway may contribute to the sensorimotor gating deficiency and cognitive disorders in aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Meng
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China, Tel: +86 21 62233970 or +86 21 62233967, Fax: +86 21 62601953, E-mail: or
| | - Hao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Jing
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Robb E Moses
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bing Mei
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China, Tel: +86 21 62233970 or +86 21 62233967, Fax: +86 21 62601953, E-mail: or
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA, Tel: 713 7983817, Fax: 713 7901275, E-mail:
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16
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Minges JT, Grossman G, Zhang P, Kafri T, Wilson EM. Post-translational Down-regulation of Melanoma Antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) by Human p14-ARF Tumor Suppressor. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25174-87. [PMID: 26330556 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.663641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked primate-specific melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) is a human androgen receptor (AR) coactivator and proto-oncogene expressed at low levels in normal human reproductive tract tissues and at higher levels in castration-resistant prostate cancer where it is required for androgen-dependent cell growth. In this report, we show that MAGE-A11 is targeted for degradation by human p14-ARF, a tumor suppressor expressed from an alternative reading frame of the p16 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor INK4a/ARF gene. MAGE-A11 degradation by the proteasome was mediated by an interaction with p14-ARF and was independent of lysine ubiquitination. A dose-dependent inverse relationship between MAGE-A11 and p14-ARF correlated with p14-ARF inhibition of the MAGE-A11-induced increase in androgen-dependent AR transcriptional activity and constitutive activity of a splice variant-like AR. Reciprocal stabilization between MAGE-A11 and AR did not protect against degradation promoted by p14-ARF. p14-ARF prevented MAGE-A11 interaction with the E2F1 oncoprotein and inhibited the MAGE-A11-induced increase in E2F1 transcriptional activity. Post-translational down-regulation of MAGE-A11 promoted by p14-ARF was independent of HDM2, the human homologue of mouse double minute 2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibited by p14-ARF. However, MAGE-A11 had a stabilizing effect on HDM2 in the absence or presence of p14-ARF and cooperated with HDM2 to increase E2F1 transcriptional activity in the absence of p14-ARF. We conclude that degradation of MAGE-A11 promoted by the human p14-ARF tumor suppressor contributes to low levels of MAGE-A11 in nontransformed cells and that higher levels of MAGE-A11 associated with low p14-ARF increase AR and E2F1 transcriptional activity and promote the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Minges
- From the Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Gail Grossman
- From the Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics
| | | | - Tal Kafri
- Lentivirus Core Facility, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Gene Therapy Center, and Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Elizabeth M Wilson
- From the Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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17
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Huang T, Chen X, Hong Q, Deng Z, Ma H, Xin Y, Fang Y, Ye H, Wang R, Zhang C, Ye M, Duan S. Meta-analyses of gene methylation and smoking behavior in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8897. [PMID: 25754026 PMCID: PMC4354004 DOI: 10.1038/srep08897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation can be a potential genetic mechanism in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, inconsistent findings existed among the recent association studies between cigarette smoking and gene methylation in lung cancer. The purpose of our meta-analysis was to evaluate the role of gene methylation in the smoking behavior of NSCLC patients. A total of 116 genes were obtained from 97 eligible publications in the current meta-analyses. Our results showed that 7 hypermethylated genes (including CDKN2A, RASSF1, MGMT, RARB, DAPK, WIF1 and FHIT) were significantly associated with the smoking behavior in NSCLC patients. The further population-based subgroup meta-analyses showed that the CDKN2A hypermethylation was significantly associated with cigarette smoking in Japanese, Chinese and Americans. In contrast, a significant association of RARB hypermethylation and smoking behavior was only detected in Chinese but not in Japanese. The genes with altered DNA methylation were likely to be potentially useful biomarkers in the early diagnosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- 1] Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China [2] The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Qingxiao Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Zaichun Deng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, China
| | - Hongying Ma
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, China
| | - Yanfei Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Safety Evaluation for New Drugs, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Huadan Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Rujie Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Meng Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315020, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
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18
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Wan ZX, Yuan DM, Zhuo YM, Yi X, Zhou J, Xu ZX, Zhou JL. The proteasome activator PA28γ, a negative regulator of p53, is transcriptionally up-regulated by p53. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2573-84. [PMID: 24531141 PMCID: PMC3958868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PA28γ (also called REGγ, 11Sγ or PSME3) negatively regulates p53 activity by promoting its nuclear export and/or degradation. Here, using the RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE) method, we identified the transcription start site of the PA28γ gene. Assessment with the luciferase assay demonstrated that the sequence -193 to +16 is the basal promoter. Three p53 binding sites were found within the PA28γ promoter utilizing a bioinformatics approach and were confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and biotinylated DNA affinity precipitation experiments. The p53 protein promotes PA28γ transcription, and p53-stimulated transcription of PA28γ can be inhibited by PA28γ itself. Our results suggest that PA28γ and p53 form a negative feedback loop, which maintains the balance of p53 and PA28γ in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Dong-Mei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Xin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Ji Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Zao-Xu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Jian-Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
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