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Hoang T, Sutera P, Nguyen T, Chang J, Jagtap S, Song Y, Shetty AC, Chowdhury DD, Chan A, Carrieri FA, Hathout L, Ennis R, Jabbour SK, Parikh R, Molitoris J, Song DY, DeWeese T, Marchionni L, Ren L, Sawant A, Simone N, Lafargue A, Van Der Eecken K, Bunz F, Ost P, Tran PT, Deek MP. TP53 structure-function relationships in metastatic castrate-sensitive prostate cancer and the impact of APR-246 treatment. Prostate 2024; 84:87-99. [PMID: 37812042 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite well-informed work in several malignancies, the phenotypic effects of TP53 mutations in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) progression and metastasis are not clear. We characterized the structure-function and clinical impact of TP53 mutations in mCSPC. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed an international retrospective review of men with mCSPC who underwent next-generation sequencing and were stratified according to TP53 mutational status and metastatic burden. Clinical outcomes included radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) and overall survival (OS) evaluated with Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox regression. We also utilized isogenic cancer cell lines to assess the effect of TP53 mutations and APR-246 treatment on migration, invasion, colony formation in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. Preclinical experimental observations were compared using t-tests and ANOVA. RESULTS Dominant-negative (DN) TP53 mutations were enriched in patients with synchronous (vs. metachronous) (20.7% vs. 6.3%, p < 0.01) and polymetastatic (vs. oligometastatic) (14.4% vs. 7.9%, p < 0.01) disease. On multivariable analysis, DN mutations were associated with worse rPFS (hazards ratio [HR] = 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-2.98) and overall survival [OS] (HR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.14-3.68) compared to TP53 wild type (WT). In vitro, 22Rv1 TP53 R175H cells possessed stronger migration, invasion, colony formation ability, and cellular movement pathway enrichment in RNA sequencing analysis compared to 22Rv1 TP53 WT cells. Treatment with APR-246 reversed the effects of TP53 mutations in vitro and inhibited 22Rv1 TP53 R175H tumor growth in vivo in a dosage-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS DN TP53 mutations correlated with worse prognosis in prostate cancer patients and higher metastatic potential, which could be counteracted by APR-246 treatment suggesting a potential future therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Hoang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip Sutera
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Triet Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinhee Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shreya Jagtap
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amol C Shetty
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dipanwita D Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Francesca A Carrieri
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lara Hathout
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ronald Ennis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Salma K Jabbour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rahul Parikh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jason Molitoris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Y Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Theodore DeWeese
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Lei Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amit Sawant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicole Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Audrey Lafargue
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kim Van Der Eecken
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fred Bunz
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Iridium Network, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew P Deek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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2
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Chakraborty G, Patail NK, Hirani R, Nandakumar S, Mazzu YZ, Yoshikawa Y, Atiq M, Jehane LE, Stopsack KH, Lee GSM, Abida W, Morris MJ, Mucci LA, Danila D, Kantoff PW. Attenuation of SRC Kinase Activity Augments PARP Inhibitor-mediated Synthetic Lethality in BRCA2-altered Prostate Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:1792-1806. [PMID: 33334906 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alterations in DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway genes occur in 20%-25% of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Although PARP inhibitors (PARPis) have been shown to benefit men with mCRPC harboring DDR defects due to mutations in BRCA1/2 and ATM, additional treatments are necessary because the effects are not durable. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed transcriptomic analysis of publicly available mCRPC cases, comparing BRCA2 null with BRCA2 wild-type. We generated BRCA2-null prostate cancer cells using CRISPR/Cas9 and treated these cells with PARPis and SRC inhibitors. We also assessed the antiproliferative effects of combination treatment in 3D prostate cancer organoids. RESULTS We observed significant enrichment of the SRC signaling pathway in BRCA2-altered mCRPC. BRCA2-null prostate cancer cell lines had increased SRC phosphorylation and higher sensitivity to SRC inhibitors (e.g., dasatinib, bosutinib, and saracatinib) relative to wild-type cells. Combination treatment with PARPis and SRC inhibitors was antiproliferative and had a synergistic effect in BRCA2-null prostate cancer cells, mCRPC organoids, and Trp53/Rb1-null prostate cancer cells. Inhibition of SRC signaling by dasatinib augmented DNA damage in BRCA2-null prostate cancer cells. Moreover, SRC knockdown increased PARPi sensitivity in BRCA2-null prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests that SRC activation may be a potential mechanism of PARPi resistance and that treatment with SRC inhibitors may overcome this resistance. Our preclinical study demonstrates that combining PARPis and SRC inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with BRCA2-null mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Nabeela Khan Patail
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Rahim Hirani
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Subhiksha Nandakumar
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ying Z Mazzu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mohammad Atiq
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lina E Jehane
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Wassim Abida
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Danila
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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3
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A mouse model of prostate cancer bone metastasis in a syngeneic immunocompetent host. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6845-6854. [PMID: 31839878 PMCID: PMC6901336 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the establishment of B6CaP, an allograft tumor line from a Hi-Myc transgenic mouse that had been backcrossed onto C57BL/6J background. This tumor line grows subcutaneously in wildtype C57BL/6J immunocompetent mice, expresses AR, and has a luminal cytokeratin profile. When digested into single cells and injected via intracardiac injection, B6CaP produces metastatic widespread metastases including frequent bone lesions. Metastatic lesions occur most often in the femur, spine, and skull, and have a mixed osteolytic/osteoblastic phenotype. B6CaP allografts are androgen dependent, and regress after castration. However, castration resistant tumors regrow after 4-6 months and can be maintained as androgen-independent clones. This is the first example of a prostate-derived tumor line that shows frequent metastasis to bone and grows in an immunocompetent host, making this model useful for studying mechanisms of bone metastasis and tumor immune response.
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4
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Markowski MC, Hubbard GK, Hicks JL, Zheng Q, King A, Esopi D, Rege A, Yegnasubramanian S, Bieberich CJ, De Marzo AM. Characterization of novel cell lines derived from a MYC-driven murine model of lethal metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Prostate 2018; 78:992-1000. [PMID: 29851094 PMCID: PMC9844589 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss or mutation of PTEN alleles at 10q23 in combination with 8q24 amplification (encompassing MYC) are common findings in aggressive, human prostate cancer. Our group recently developed a transgenic murine model of prostate cancer involving prostate-specific Pten deletion and forced expression of MYC under the control of the Hoxb13 promoter. MYC overexpression cooperated with Pten loss to recapitulate lethal, human prostate cancer. METHOD We now report on the generation of two mouse prostate cancer cell lines, BMPC1 and BMPC2, derived from a lymph node, and liver metastasis, respectively. RESULTS Both cell lines demonstrate a phenotype consistent with adenocarcinoma and grew under standard tissue culture conditions. Androgen receptor (AR) protein expression is minimal (BMPC1) or absent (BMPC2) consistent with AR loss observed in the BMPC mouse model of invasive adenocarcinoma. Growth in media containing charcoal-stripped serum resulted in an increase in AR mRNA in BMPC1 cells with no effect on protein expression, unless androgens were added, in which case AR protein was stabilized, and showed nuclear localization. AR expression in BMPC2 cells was not effected by growth media or treatment with androgens. Treatment with an anti-androgen/castration or androgen supplemented media did not affect in vitro or in vivo growth of either cell line, irrespective of nuclear AR detection. DISCUSSION These cell lines are a novel model of androgen-insensitive prostatic adenocarcinoma driven by MYC over-expression and Pten loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Markowski
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gretchen K. Hubbard
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica L. Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qizhi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexia King
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Esopi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Apurv Rege
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Charles J. Bieberich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School, Baltimore, Maryland
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5
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Hu MB, Hu JM, Jiang LR, Yang T, Zhu WH, Hu Y, Wu XB, Jiang HW, Ding Q. Differential expressions of integrin-linked kinase, β-parvin and cofilin 1 in high-fat diet induced prostate cancer progression in a transgenic mouse model. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4945-4952. [PMID: 30250560 PMCID: PMC6144922 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet induced obesity was associated with more aggressive prostate cancer. Recent research has demonstrated that integrin-linked kinase (ILK), β-parvin and downstream cofilin 1 jointly affected cancer progression. Meanwhile, these proteins were also involved in energy metabolism. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the potential function of ILK, β-parvin and cofilin 1 in the high-fat diet-induced progression of prostate cancer. Transgenic mice with prostate cancer were employed, fed with different diets and sacrificed at 20 and 28 weeks. Tumor differentiation, extracapsular extension and metastasis were compared between the groups. Expression levels of ILK, β-parvin and cofilin 1 in prostate were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis and determined by an immunoreactivity score. Public databases were applied for analysis and validation. It was detected that high-fat diet feeding promoted cancer progression in transgenic mice with prostate cancer, with increased expressions of β-parvin (P=0.038) and cofilin 1 (P=0.018). Higher expressions of ILK, β-parvin and cofilin 1 were also associated with poorer cancer differentiation. Additionally, higher mRNA levels of CFL1 were correlated with a worse disease-free survival in patients of certain subgroups from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Further studies were warranted in discussing the potential roles of ILK, β-parvin and cofilin 1 in high-fat diet feeding induced progression of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Bo Hu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Meng Hu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ren Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Wen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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6
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Anker JF, Mok H, Naseem AF, Thumbikat P, Abdulkadir SA. A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29578515 PMCID: PMC5931443 DOI: 10.3791/57301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthotopic tumor modeling is a valuable tool for pre-clinical prostate cancer research, as it has multiple advantages over both subcutaneous and transgenic genetically engineered mouse models. Unlike subcutaneous tumors, orthotopic tumors contain more clinically accurate vasculature, tumor microenvironment, and responses to multiple therapies. In contrast to genetically engineered mouse models, orthotopic models can be performed with lower cost and in less time, involve the use of highly complex and heterogeneous mouse or human cancer cell lines, rather that single genetic alterations, and these cell lines can be genetically modified, such as to express imaging agents. Here, we present a protocol to surgically injecting a luciferase- and mCherry-expressing murine prostate cancer cell line into the anterior prostate lobe of mice. These mice developed orthotopic tumors that were non-invasively monitored in vivo and further analyzed for tumor volume, weight, mouse survival, and immune infiltration. Further, orthotopic tumor-bearing mice were surgically castrated, leading to immediate tumor regression and subsequent recurrence, representing castration-resistant prostate cancer. Although technical skill is required to carry out this procedure, this syngeneic orthotopic model of both androgen-dependent and castration-resistant prostate cancer is of great use to all investigators in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Anker
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Hanlin Mok
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Anum F Naseem
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Praveen Thumbikat
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;
| | - Sarki A Abdulkadir
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;
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7
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Nowinski S, Santaolalla A, O'Leary B, Loda M, Mirchandani A, Emberton M, Van Hemelrijck M, Grigoriadis A. Systematic identification of functionally relevant risk alleles to stratify aggressive versus indolent prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12812-12824. [PMID: 29560112 PMCID: PMC5849176 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel approaches for classification, including molecular features, are needed to direct therapy for men with low-grade prostate cancer (PCa), especially men on active surveillance. Risk alleles identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) could improve prognostication. Those risk alleles that coincided with genes and somatic copy number aberrations associated with progression of PCa were selected as the most relevant for prognostication. In a systematic literature review, a total of 698 studies were collated. Fifty-three unique SNPs residing in 29 genomic regions, including 8q24, 10q11 and 19q13, were associated with PCa progression. Functional studies implicated 21 of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as modulating the expression of genes in the androgen receptor pathway and several other oncogenes. In particular, 8q24, encompassing MYC, harbours a high density of SNPs conferring unfavourable pathological characteristics in low-grade PCa, while a copy number gain of MYC in low-grade PCa was associated with prostate-specific antigen recurrence after radical prostatectomy. By combining GWAS data with gene expression and structural rearrangements, risk alleles were identified that could provide a new basis for developing a prognostication tool to guide therapy for men with early prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salpie Nowinski
- Cancer Bioinformatics, Innovation Hub, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aida Santaolalla
- Translational Oncology & Urology Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ben O'Leary
- Breast Cancer NOW Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayesha Mirchandani
- Cancer Bioinformatics, Innovation Hub, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Emberton
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Cancer Bioinformatics, Innovation Hub, Guy's Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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8
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Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is associated with substantial clinical, pathologic, and molecular heterogeneity. Most tumors remain driven by androgen receptor (AR) signaling, which has clinical implications for patient selection for AR-directed approaches. However, histologic and clinical resistance phenotypes can emerge after AR inhibition, in which the tumors become less dependent on the AR. In this review, we discuss prostate cancer variants including neuroendocrine (NEPC) and aggressive variant (AVPC) prostate cancers and their clinical implications. Improvements in the understanding of the biologic mechanisms and molecular features underlying prostate cancer variants may help prognostication and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches for subclasses of patient with CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis J Vlachostergios
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street 1412,, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Loredana Puca
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street 1412,, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street 1412,, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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9
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Shibata M, Shen MM. Stem cells in genetically-engineered mouse models of prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:T199-208. [PMID: 26341780 PMCID: PMC4618022 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell model proposes that tumors have a hierarchical organization in which tumorigenic cells give rise to non-tumorigenic cells, with only a subset of stem-like cells able to propagate the tumor. In the case of prostate cancer, recent analyses of genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models have provided evidence supporting the existence of cancer stem cells in vivo. These studies suggest that cancer stem cells capable of tumor propagation exist at various stages of tumor progression from prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) to advanced metastatic and castration-resistant disease. However, studies of stem cells in prostate cancer have been limited by available approaches for evaluating their functional properties in cell culture and transplantation assays. Given the role of the tumor microenvironment and the putative cancer stem cell niche, future studies using GEM models to analyze cancer stem cells in their native tissue microenvironment are likely to be highly informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Shibata
- Departments of MedicineGenetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Michael M Shen
- Departments of MedicineGenetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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10
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Hubbard GK, Mutton LN, Khalili M, McMullin RP, Hicks JL, Bianchi-Frias D, Horn LA, Kulac I, Moubarek MS, Nelson PS, Yegnasubramanian S, De Marzo AM, Bieberich CJ. Combined MYC Activation and Pten Loss Are Sufficient to Create Genomic Instability and Lethal Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 76:283-92. [PMID: 26554830 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic instability, a hallmark feature of human cancers including prostatic adenocarcinomas, is considered a driver of metastasis. Somatic copy number alterations (CNA) are found in most aggressive primary human prostate cancers, and the overall number of such changes is increased in metastases. Chromosome 10q23 deletions, encompassing PTEN, and amplification of 8q24, harboring MYC, are frequently observed, and the presence of both together portends a high risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality. In extant genetically engineered mouse prostate cancer models (GEMM), isolated MYC overexpression or targeted Pten loss can each produce early prostate adenocarcinomas, but are not sufficient to induce genetic instability or metastases with high penetrance. Although a previous study showed that combining Pten loss with focal MYC overexpression in a small fraction of prostatic epithelial cells exhibits cooperativity in GEMMs, additional targeted Tp53 disruption was required for formation of metastases. We hypothesized that driving combined MYC overexpression and Pten loss using recently characterized Hoxb13 transcriptional control elements that are active in prostate luminal epithelial cells would induce the development of genomic instability and aggressive disease with metastatic potential. Neoplastic lesions that developed with either MYC activation alone (Hoxb13-MYC) or Pten loss alone (Hoxb13-Cre∣Pten(Fl/Fl)) failed to progress beyond prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and did not harbor genomic CNAs. By contrast, mice with both alterations (Hoxb13-MYC∣Hoxb13-Cre∣Pten(Fl/Fl), hereafter, BMPC mice) developed lethal adenocarcinoma with distant metastases and widespread genome CNAs that were independent of forced disruption of Tp53 and telomere shortening. BMPC cancers lacked neuroendocrine or sarcomatoid differentiation, features uncommon in human disease but common in other models of prostate cancer that metastasize. These data show that combined MYC activation and Pten loss driven by the Hoxb13 regulatory locus synergize to induce genomic instability and aggressive prostate cancer that phenocopies the human disease at the histologic and genomic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen K Hubbard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura N Mutton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - May Khalili
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ryan P McMullin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica L Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniella Bianchi-Frias
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lucas A Horn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ibrahim Kulac
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael S Moubarek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. The Brady Urological Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles J Bieberich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland.
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