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Lin Q, Cao J, Yu J, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Liu Z, Chang Y. YAP-mediated trophoblast dysfunction: the common pathway underlying pregnancy complications. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:353. [PMID: 38098027 PMCID: PMC10722737 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a pivotal regulator in cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation, and migration, with significant roles in embryonic development, tissue repair, and tumorigenesis. At the maternal-fetal interface, emerging evidence underscores the importance of precisely regulated YAP activity in ensuring successful pregnancy initiation and progression. However, despite the established association between YAP dysregulation and adverse pregnancy outcomes, insights into the impact of aberrant YAP levels in fetal-derived, particularly trophoblast cells, and the ensuing dysfunction at the maternal-fetal interface remain limited. This review comprehensively examines YAP expression and its regulatory mechanisms in trophoblast cells throughout pregnancy. We emphasize its integral role in placental development and maternal-fetal interactions and delve into the correlations between YAP dysregulation and pregnancy complications. A nuanced understanding of YAP's functions during pregnancy could illuminate intricate molecular mechanisms and pave the way for innovative prevention and treatment strategies for pregnancy complications. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimei Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University Affiliated Maternity Hospital, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Jiasong Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University Affiliated Maternity Hospital, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yongmei Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University Affiliated Maternity Hospital, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University Affiliated Maternity Hospital, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Academy of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University Affiliated Maternity Hospital, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, 300100, China.
- Academy of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Sayedyahossein S, Thines L, Sacks DB. Ca 2+ signaling and the Hippo pathway: Intersections in cellular regulation. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110846. [PMID: 37549859 PMCID: PMC10529277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a master regulator of organ size and tissue homeostasis. Hippo integrates a broad range of cellular signals to regulate numerous processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and mechanosensation. Ca2+ is a fundamental second messenger that modulates signaling cascades involved in diverse cellular functions, some of which are also regulated by the Hippo pathway. Studies published over the last five years indicate that Ca2+ can influence core Hippo pathway components. Nevertheless, comprehensive understanding of the crosstalk between Ca2+ signaling and the Hippo pathway, and possible mechanisms through which Ca2+ regulates Hippo, remain to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize the multiple intersections between Ca2+ and the Hippo pathway and address the biological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sayedyahossein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louise Thines
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David B Sacks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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3
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Zhang S, Chen Y, Hu Q, Zhao T, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Wei Y, Zhao H, Wang J, Yang Y, Zhang J, Shi S, Zhang Y, Yang L, Fu Z, Liu K. SOX2 inhibits LLGL2 polarity protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via miRNA-142-3p. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:1-15. [PMID: 36131361 PMCID: PMC9519027 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2126248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit 8; Chip, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; EC, Esophageal cancer; EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; ESCC, Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas; LLGL2, lethal (2) giant larvae protein homolog 2; LLGL2ov, LLGL2 overexpression; MET, mesenchymal-epithelial transition; miRNAs, MicroRNAs; PRM-MS, Parallel reaction monitoring-Mass spectrometry; SD, Standard deviation; SOX, sex determining region Y (SRY)-like box; SOX2-Kd, SOX2-knockdwon; TUNEL, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yunyun Chen
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiong Hu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Clinic Medical Laboratory, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yijian Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuxuan Wei
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongzhou Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Junkai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaxin Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Songlin Shi
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhichao Fu
- Department of radiotherapy, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team (Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University), Fuzhou, China
| | - Kuancan Liu
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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4
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Sanders JA, Frasier C, Matulay JT, Steuerwald NM, Zhu J, Grigg CM, Kearns JT, Riggs SB, Gaston KE, Brouwer CR, Burks RT, Hartman AL, Foureau DM, Burgess EF, Clark PE. Genomic analysis of response to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment in high-grade stage 1 bladder cancer patients. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:2998-3009. [PMID: 34430403 PMCID: PMC8350238 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy is standard treatment for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) but overall efficacy is low, and no reliable predictive biomarkers currently exist to refine patient selection. We performed genomic analysis on high-grade (HG) T1 NMIBCs to determine if response to therapy is predicted by certain mutational and/or expressional changes. Methods Patients with HG T1 NMIBC treated with induction BCG were stratified by response into durable and non-durable responders. Baseline tumor samples were subjected to targeted DNA sequencing and whole-exome RNAseq. Genomic variants differing significantly between response groups were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Variant selection was refined to target potential biomarker candidates for responsiveness to BCG. Results Among 42 patients, the median follow-up was 51.7 months and 40.5% (n=17) were durable BCG responders. Deleterious mutations in the RNA sequence of JCHAIN, S100A7, CLEC2B, and ANXA10 were more common in non-durable responders. Mutations in MCL1 and MSH6 detected on targeted sequencing were more commonly found in durable responders. Of all deleterious DNA and RNA mutations identified, only MCL1 was significantly associated with longer recurrence free survival (RFS) (P=0.031). Conclusions Differences in the genomic profiles of HG T1 NMIBC tumors exist between those who show durable response to BCG and those who do not. Using pathway analysis, those differences imply upregulation of several interconnected inflammatory pathways among responders. Specific variants identified here, namely MCL1, are candidates for further study and, if clinically validated, may serve as useful biomarkers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alexa Sanders
- Department of Bioinformatics & Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.,Bioinformatics Services Division, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Connor Frasier
- Department of Bioinformatics & Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.,Bioinformatics Services Division, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Justin T Matulay
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Nury M Steuerwald
- Molecular Biology and Microarray Core Facilities, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jason Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Claud M Grigg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - James T Kearns
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Stephen B Riggs
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Kris E Gaston
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Cory R Brouwer
- Department of Bioinformatics & Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.,Bioinformatics Services Division, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | | | | | - David M Foureau
- Immune Monitoring Core Laboratory, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Earle F Burgess
- Department of Medical Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Peter E Clark
- Department of Urology, Levine Cancer Institute/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
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5
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Olmedo-Nieva L, Muñoz-Bello JO, Manzo-Merino J, Lizano M. New insights in Hippo signalling alteration in human papillomavirus-related cancers. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109815. [PMID: 33148514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is an etiologic factor for the development of different types of cancers, mainly attributed to the continuous expression of E6 and E7 HPV oncoproteins, which regulate several cell signalling pathways including the Hippo pathway. It has been demonstrated that E6 proteins promote the increase of the Hippo elements YAP, TAZ and TEAD, at protein level, as well as their transcriptional targets. Also, E6 and E7 oncoproteins promote nuclear YAP localization and a decrease in YAP negative regulators such as MST1, PTPN14 or SOCS6. Interestingly, Hippo signalling components modulate HPV activity, such as TEAD1 and the transcriptional co-factor VGLL1, induce the activation of HPV early and late promoters, while hyperactivation of YAP in specific cells facilitates virus infection by increasing putative HPV receptors and by evading innate immunity. Additionally, alterations in Hippo signalling elements have been found in HPV-related cancers and particularly, the involvement of HPV oncoproteins on the regulation of some of these Hippo components has been also proposed, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. The present review addresses the recent findings describing the interplay between HPV and Hippo signalling in HPV-related cancers, a fact that highlights the importance of developing more in-depth studies in this field to establish key therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Olmedo-Nieva
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - J Omar Muñoz-Bello
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sede sur, Mexico City 14330, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Manzo-Merino
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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6
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Hua X, Zhang H, Jia J, Chen S, Sun Y, Zhu X. Roles of S100 family members in drug resistance in tumors: Status and prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110156. [PMID: 32335300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy and targeted therapy can significantly improve survival rates in cancer, but multiple drug resistance (MDR) limits the efficacy of these approaches. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying MDR is crucial for improving drug efficacy and clinical outcomes of patients with cancer. S100 proteins belong to a family of calcium-binding proteins and have various functions in tumor development. Increasing evidence demonstrates that the dysregulation of various S100 proteins contributes to the development of drug resistance in tumors, providing a basis for the development of predictive and prognostic biomarkers in cancer. Therefore, a combination of biological inhibitors or sensitizers of dysregulated S100 proteins could enhance therapeutic responses. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the mechanisms by which S100 family members influence resistance of tumors to cancer treatment, with a focus on the development of effective strategies for overcoming MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua
- Southeast University Medical College, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Hongming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Southeast University Medical College, Yancheng, 224000, China.
| | - Jinfang Jia
- Southeast University Medical College, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Southeast University Medical College, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- Southeast University Medical College, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- Southeast University Medical College, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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7
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Raj N, Bam R. Reciprocal Crosstalk Between YAP1/Hippo Pathway and the p53 Family Proteins: Mechanisms and Outcomes in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:159. [PMID: 31448276 PMCID: PMC6695833 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The YAP1/Hippo and p53 pathways are critical protectors of genome integrity in response to DNA damage. Together, these pathways secure cellular adaptation and maintain overall tissue integrity through transcriptional re-programing downstream of various environmental and biological cues generated during normal tissue growth, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Genetic perturbations in YAP1/Hippo and p53 pathways are known to contribute to the cells’ ability to turn rogue and initiate tumorigenesis. The Hippo and p53 pathways cooperate on many levels and are closely coordinated through multiple molecular components of their signaling pathways. Several functional and physical interactions have been reported to occur between YAP1/Hippo pathway components and the three p53 family members, p53, p63, and p73. Primarily, functional status of p53 family proteins dictates the subcellular localization, protein stability and transcriptional activity of the core component of the Hippo pathway, Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). In this review, we dissect the critical points of crosstalk between the YAP1/Hippo pathway components, with a focus on YAP1, and the p53 tumor suppressor protein family. For each p53 family member, we discuss the biological implications of their interaction with Hippo pathway components in determining cell fate under the conditions of tissue homeostasis and cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Raj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rakesh Bam
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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8
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Dong X, Meng L, Liu P, Ji R, Su X, Xin Y, Jiang X. YAP/TAZ: a promising target for squamous cell carcinoma treatment. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6245-6252. [PMID: 31360073 PMCID: PMC6625644 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s197921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are two homologous transcriptional coactivators and the final effectors of the Hippo signaling transduction pathway. The transcriptional activity of YAP/TAZ is dependent on their recruitment to the nucleus, which promotes binding to the transcription factor of TEA domain family members 1–4 (TEAD1-4). In Hippo-signaling pathway, YAP/TAZ is inactivated and its translocation to the nucleus is blocked via a core kinase cascade stimulated by a variety of upstream signals, such as G-protein-coupled receptor signaling, mechanical pressure, and adherens junction signaling. This pathway plays a very important role in regulating organ size, tissue homeostasis, and tumor development. In recent years, many studies have reported upregulation or nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ in a number of human malignancies, such as breast cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma in different organs. A large number of experiments demonstrate that YAP/TAZ activation promotes cancer formation, progression, and metastasis. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the evidence of regulation and function of YAP/TAZ and discuss its role in squamous cell carcinoma. Collectively, this summary strongly suggests that targeting aberrant YAP/TAZ activation is a promising strategy for the suppression of squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Pinyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Biology, Valencia College, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Xuling Su
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
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9
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Ono S, Nakano K, Takabatake K, Kawai H, Nagatsuka H. Immunohistochemistry of YAP and dNp63 and survival analysis of patients bearing precancerous lesion and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:766-773. [PMID: 31217745 PMCID: PMC6566736 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.29995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a candidate oncogene in various human cancers, and recently, it has been reported that YAP expression and its activity was enhanced by ΔNp63. However, the role of YAP and ΔNp63 expression in carcinogenesis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been unknown. Therefore, we investigated how YAP and ΔNp63 influence carcinogenesis and progression of OSCC. Methods: We performed immunohistochemical analyses in whole tissue samples to investigate YAP and ΔNp63 expression in normal oral mucosa, epithelial hyperplasia, oral epithelial dysplasia (OED; low/high grade), carcinoma in situ (CIS), and OSCC. Furthermore, in OSCC, we analyzed clinical significance by using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: In normal oral mucosa and epithelial hyperplasia, YAP expression was primarily confined to the basal and parabasal layers, but YAP expression was elevated in OED, CIS, and OSCC. In OED, YAP and ΔNp63 expression levels were markedly higher in high grade than in low grade. In OSCC groups, YAP and ΔNp63 expression patterns tended to differ according to histopathological differentiation of OSCC. Furthermore, the YAP high expression group, which showed YAP staining in >50% positive cells with strong cytoplasmic staining or >10% positive cells with nuclear reactivity, showed a tendency to have a poor survival rate. Conclusion: YAP and ΔNp63 expression levels correlated with grade of oral OED. Additionally, YAP expression was associated with OSCC survival rate. Our results suggested that YAP and ΔNp63 expression might serve as predictive markers to distinguish OSCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Ono
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takabatake
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hotaka Kawai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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10
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The Ambivalent Function of YAP in Apoptosis and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123770. [PMID: 30486435 PMCID: PMC6321280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein, a core regulator of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway, plays a vital role in inhibiting apoptosis. Thus, several studies and reviews suggest that yes-associated protein is a good target for treating cancer. Unfortunately, more and more evidence demonstrates that this protein is also an essential contributor of p73-mediated apoptosis. This questions the concept that yes-associated protein is always a good target for developing novel anti-cancer drugs. Thus, the aim of this review was to evaluate the clinical relevance of yes-associated protein for cancer pathophysiology. This review also summarized the molecules, processes and drugs, which regulate Hippo-YAP signaling and discusses their effect on apoptosis. In addition, issues are defined, which should be addressed in the future in order to provide a solid basis for targeting the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway in clinical trials.
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11
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Guo Q, Wang J, Cao Z, Tang Y, Feng C, Huang F. Interaction of S100A1 with LATS1 promotes cell growth through regulation of the Hippo pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:592-602. [PMID: 29901195 PMCID: PMC6017223 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in surgery and chemotherapy, the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poor. In the present study, the role of S100A1 in the progression of HCC was investigated. Immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the expression of S100A1 in HCC tissues. S100A1 was knocked down by siRNA. A battery of experiments was used to evaluate the biology functions of S100A1. It was found that S100A1 was upregulated in HCC tissues, and its upregulation was associated with a large tumor size, low differentiation and shorter survival time. The biological experiments demonstrated that S100A1 functions as an oncogene in HCC. It was also found that S100A1 knockdown enhanced the inhibitory effects of cisplatin on HCC cells. The results showed that the downregulation of S100A1 induced the phosphorylation of yes‑associated protein (YAP), and treatment with CHX demonstrated that the downregulation of S100A1 accelerated YAP protein degradation. The downregulation of S100A1 did not alter the expression of mammalian sterile 20‑like kinase (MST)1/2 or phosphorylated MST1/2, but upregulated the phosphorylation of large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1). It was further confirmed that S100A1 interacted with LATS1. LATS1 depletion significantly reduced the effects of S100A1 on cell growth rate and apoptosis, and there was a positive correlation between phosphorylated LATS1 and S100A1 in clinical samples, indicating that LATS1 was responsible for the S100A1-induced changes in cancer cell growth and Hippo signaling. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that S100A1 functions as an oncogene and may be a biomarker for the prognosis of patients with HCC. S100A1 exerted its oncogenic function by interacting with LATS1 and activating YAP. S100A1 may serve as a target for novel therapies in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zeyu Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yongchang Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Feizhou Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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