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Qin S, Yang M, Xu M, Peng ZH, Cai J, Wang S, Gao H, Zhou Z, Hashmi ASK, Yi W, Zeng Z. Electrochemical meta-C-H sulfonylation of pyridines with nucleophilic sulfinates. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7428. [PMID: 39198391 PMCID: PMC11358150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the indispensable significance and utilities of meta-substituted pyridines in medicinal, chemical as well as materials science, a direct meta-selective C-H functionalization of pyridines is of paramount importance, but such reactions remain limited and highly challenging. In general, established methods for meta C-H functionalization of pyridines rely on the utilization of tailored electrophilic reagents to realize the intrinsic polarity match. Herein, we report a complementary electrochemical methodology; diverse nucleophilic sulfinates allow meta-sulfonylation of pyridines through a redox-neutral dearomatization-rearomatization strategy by a tandem dearomative cycloaddition/hydrogen-evolution electrooxidative C-H sulfonation of the resulting oxazino-pyridines/acid-promoted rearomatization sequence. Besides, several salient features, including exclusive regiocontrol, remarkable substrate/functional group compatibility, scale-up potential, and facile late-stage modification, have been demonstrated, which further contributes to the practicality and adaptability of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Qin
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Mingkai Yang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Mingyao Xu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhi-Huan Peng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiating Cai
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shengdong Wang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hui Gao
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Wei Yi
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Zhongyi Zeng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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Yakkala PA, Naaz F, Shafi S, Kamal A. PI3K and tankyrase inhibitors as therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:159-177. [PMID: 38497299 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2331015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathways like Wingless-related integration (Wnt/β-catenin) and PI3K play an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development; however, their roles are distinct in the process of oncogenesis. Despite their differences, these pathways interact through feedback mechanisms and regulate the common effectors both in the upstream and the downstream processes in normal and pathological conditions. Their ability to reciprocally control each other is a primary resistance mechanism for the selective inhibitors in CRC. AREA COVERED This review highlights the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K pathways that are interrelated in CRC, recent advances and some key perspectives in developing inhibitors that could target the tankyrase enzyme and PI3K, apart from a brief description of the potential of dual inhibitors of PI3K and Tankyrases (TNKS). EXPERT OPINION Recent research has focused on overcoming the challenges particularly relating to the resistance and efficacy of dual inhibitors targeting PI3K and tankyrase proteins. Despite these challenges, PI3K as well as tankyrases remain promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of solid tumors. The design of potent inhibitors is crucial to effectively block these protein signaling pathways. Moreover, it is essential to explore the potential of dual-target inhibition of other signaling pathways in conjunction with PI3K and tankyrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Anjaneyulu Yakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Fatima Naaz
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Medchal, India
- Environment, Forests, Science & Technology Department, Telangana State Council of Science & Technlogy, Hyderabad, India
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Al-Hamaly MA, Cox AH, Haney MG, Zhang W, Arvin EC, Sampathi S, Wimsett M, Liu C, Blackburn JS. Zebrafish drug screening identifies Erlotinib as an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and self-renewal in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116013. [PMID: 38104416 PMCID: PMC10833092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway's significance in cancer initiation, progression, and stem cell biology underscores its therapeutic potential. However, the clinical application of Wnt inhibitors remains limited due to challenges posed by off-target effects and complex cross-talk of Wnt signaling with other pathways. In this study, we leveraged a zebrafish model to perform a robust and rapid drug screening of 773 FDA-approved compounds to identify Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors with minimal toxicity. Utilizing zebrafish expressing a Wnt reporter, we identified several drugs that suppressed Wnt signaling without compromising zebrafish development. The efficacy of the top hit, Erlotinib, extended to human cells, where it blocked Wnt/β-catenin signaling downstream of the destruction complex. Notably, Erlotinib treatment reduced self-renewal in human T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia cells, which rely on active β-catenin signaling for maintenance of leukemia-initiating cells. Erlotinib also reduced leukemia-initiating cell frequency and delayed disease formation in zebrafish models. This study underscores zebrafish's translational potential in drug discovery and repurposing and highlights a new use for Erlotinib as a Wnt inhibitor for cancers driven by aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd A Al-Hamaly
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, United States; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Anna H Cox
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, United States
| | - Meghan G Haney
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Wen Zhang
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, United States
| | - Emma C Arvin
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, United States
| | - Shilpa Sampathi
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, United States
| | - Mary Wimsett
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Chunming Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, United States
| | - Jessica S Blackburn
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, United States.
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4
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Al-Hamaly MA, Cox AH, Haney MG, Zhang W, Arvin EC, Sampathi S, Wimsett M, Liu C, Blackburn JS. Zebrafish Drug Screening Identifies Erlotinib as an Inhibitor of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Self-Renewal in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555200. [PMID: 37693603 PMCID: PMC10491167 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway's significance in cancer initiation, progression, and stem cell biology underscores its therapeutic potential, yet clinical application of Wnt inhibitors remains limited due to challenges posed by off-target effects and complex crosstalk with other pathways. In this study, we leveraged the zebrafish model to perform a robust and rapid drug screening of 773 FDA-approved compounds to identify Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors with minimal toxicity. Utilizing zebrafish expressing a Wnt reporter, we identified several drugs that suppressed Wnt signaling without compromising zebrafish development. The efficacy of the top hit, Erlotinib, extended to human cells, where it blocked Wnt/β-catenin signaling downstream of the destruction complex. Notably, Erlotinib treatment reduced self-renewal in human T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia cells, which are known to rely on active β-catenin signaling for maintenance of leukemia-initiating cells. Erlotinib also reduced leukemia-initiating cell frequency and delayed disease formation in zebrafish models. This study underscores zebrafish's translational potential in drug discovery and repurposing, and highlights a new use for Erlotinib as a Wnt inhibitor for cancers driven by aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Highlights Zebrafish-based drug screening offers an inexpensive and robust platform for identifying compounds with high efficacy and low toxicity in vivo . Erlotinib, an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, emerged as a potent and promising Wnt inhibitor with effects in both zebrafish and human cell-based Wnt reporter assays.The identification of Erlotinib as a Wnt inhibitor underscores the value of repurposed drugs in developing targeted therapies to disrupt cancer stemness and improve clinical outcomes.
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5
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Yakkala P, Panda SR, Naidu VGM, Shafi S, Kamal A. Pyridine-Based 1,2,4-Triazolo-Tethered Indole Conjugates Potentially Affecting TNKS and PI3K in Colorectal Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:260-269. [PMID: 36923920 PMCID: PMC10009797 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A library of pyridine-based 1,2,4-triazolo-tethered indole conjugates were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for anti-proliferative activity against a panel of six human cancer cell lines. All the synthesized conjugates (14a-q) were found to be effective against the HT-29 cell line. Particularly conjugates 14a, 14n, and 14q exhibited promising cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 1 μM, 2.4 μM, and 3.6 μM, respectively, compared to the standard 5-fluorouracil (IC50 = 5.31 μM). Cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase was observed with these compounds, the mitochondrial membrane potential was interrupted, and the total ROS production was enhanced. Western blot and immunofluorescence experiments illustrated that these compounds inhibit the expression of markers that are involved in β-catenin and PI3K pathways. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that compound 14a has major hydrophobic interactions and few H-bonding interactions with both PI3K and tankyrase proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna
A. Yakkala
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and
Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Samir R. Panda
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Vegi G. M. Naidu
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam 781101, India
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and
Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Department
of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology
& Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, TS, India
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Kim DY, Ryu YS, Lee ES, Koh DI, Moon JH, Jung SA, Kim MJ, Yun H, You JE, Jeong HR, Yoon DI, Kim CH, Hong SW, Gong YD, Jin DH. DGG-300273, a novel WNT/β-catenin inhibitor, induces apoptotic cell death by activating ROS-BIM signaling in a Wnt-dependent manner in colon cancer cells. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:105-114. [PMID: 36538258 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated Wnt signaling is associated with malignant oncogenic transformation, especially in colon cancer. Recently, numerous drugs have been developed based on tumorigenesis biomarkers, thus having high potential as drug targets. Likewise, WNT/β-catenin pathway members are attractive therapeutic targets for colon cancer and are currently in various stages of development. However, although inhibitors of proteins regulating the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway have been extensively studied, they have yet to be clinically approved, and the underlying molecular mechanism(s) of their anticancer effects remain poorly understood. Herein, we show that a novel WNT/β-catenin inhibitor, DGG-300273, inhibits colon cancer cell growth in a Wnt-dependent manner due to upregulation of the BCL2-family protein Bim and caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death. Additionally, DGG-300273-mediated cell death occurs by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), as shown by abrogation of apoptotic cell death and ROS production following pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. These results suggest that DGG-300273 represents a promising investigational drug for the treatment of Wnt-associated cancer, thus warranting further characterization and study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Seong Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sil Lee
- Innovative Drug-Like Library Research Center, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Koh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai-Hee Moon
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-A Jung
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseon Yun
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun You
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Jeong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Il Yoon
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hee Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Dae Gong
- Innovative Drug-Like Library Research Center, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Hoon Jin
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympicro-43gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympicro-43 gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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Chen Y, Chen M, Deng K. Blocking the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway to treat colorectal cancer: Strategies to improve current therapies (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 62:24. [PMID: 36579676 PMCID: PMC9854240 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumor types occurring in the digestive system. The incidence of CRC has exhibits yearly increases and the mortality rate among patients with CRC is high. The Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, which is associated with carcinogenesis, is abnormally activated in CRC. Most patients with CRC have adenomatous polyposis coli mutations, while half of the remaining patients have β‑catenin gene mutations. Therefore, targeting the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway for the treatment of CRC is of clinical value. In recent years, with in‑depth research on the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, inhibitors have been developed that are able to suppress or hinder the development and progression of CRC. In the present review, the role of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway in CRC is summarized, the research status on Wnt/β‑catenin pathway inhibitors is outlined and potential targets for inhibition of this pathway are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,The Laboratory of Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Gerontology, Tibetan Chengdu Branch Hospital of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Department of Gerontology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Professor Mo Chen, Department of Gerontology, Tibetan Chengdu Branch Hospital of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 20 Ximianqiao Cross Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,The Laboratory of Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Kai Deng, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of 1,2,4-Triazolo-Linked Bis-Indolyl Conjugates as Dual Inhibitors of Tankyrase and PI3K. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217642. [PMID: 36364474 PMCID: PMC9657870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new 1,2,4-triazolo-linked bis-indolyl conjugates (15a–r) were prepared by multistep synthesis and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines. It was observed that they were more susceptible to colon and breast cancer cells. Conjugates 15o (IC50 = 2.04 μM) and 15r (IC50 = 0.85 μM) illustrated promising cytotoxicity compared to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, IC50 = 5.31 μM) against the HT-29 cell line. Interestingly, 15o and 15r induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, these conjugates led to apoptosis in HT-29 at 2 μM and 1 μM, respectively, and also enhanced the total ROS production as well as the mitochondrial-generated ROS. Immunofluorescence and Western blot assays revealed that these conjugates reduced the expression levels of the PI3K-P85, β-catenin, TAB-182, β-actin, AXIN-2, and NF-κB markers that are involved in the β-catenin pathway of colorectal cancer. The results of the in silico docking studies of 15r and 15o further support their dual inhibitory behaviour against PI3K and tankyrase. Interestingly, the conjugates have adequate ADME-toxicity parameters based on the calculated results of the molecular dynamic simulations, as we found that these inhibitors (15r) influenced the conformational flexibility of the 4OA7 and 3L54 proteins.
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Brinch SA, Amundsen-Isaksen E, Espada S, Hammarström C, Aizenshtadt A, Olsen PA, Holmen L, Høyem M, Scholz H, Grødeland G, Sowa ST, Galera-Prat A, Lehtiö L, Meerts IATM, Leenders RGG, Wegert A, Krauss S, Waaler J. The Tankyrase Inhibitor OM-153 Demonstrates Antitumor Efficacy and a Therapeutic Window in Mouse Models. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:233-245. [PMID: 36873622 PMCID: PMC9981206 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic enzymes tankyrase 1 and 2 (TNKS1/2) alter protein turnover by poly-ADP-ribosylating target proteins, which earmark them for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasomal system. Prominent targets of the catalytic activity of TNKS1/2 include AXIN proteins, resulting in TNKS1/2 being attractive biotargets for addressing of oncogenic WNT/β-catenin signaling. Although several potent small molecules have been developed to inhibit TNKS1/2, there are currently no TNKS1/2 inhibitors available in clinical practice. The development of tankyrase inhibitors has mainly been disadvantaged by concerns over biotarget-dependent intestinal toxicity and a deficient therapeutic window. Here we show that the novel, potent, and selective 1,2,4-triazole-based TNKS1/2 inhibitor OM-153 reduces WNT/β-catenin signaling and tumor progression in COLO 320DM colon carcinoma xenografts upon oral administration of 0.33-10 mg/kg twice daily. In addition, OM-153 potentiates anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibition and antitumor effect in a B16-F10 mouse melanoma model. A 28-day repeated dose mouse toxicity study documents body weight loss, intestinal damage, and tubular damage in the kidney after oral-twice daily administration of 100 mg/kg. In contrast, mice treated oral-twice daily with 10 mg/kg show an intact intestinal architecture and no atypical histopathologic changes in other organs. In addition, clinical biochemistry and hematologic analyses do not identify changes indicating substantial toxicity. The results demonstrate OM-153-mediated antitumor effects and a therapeutic window in a colon carcinoma mouse model ranging from 0.33 to at least 10 mg/kg, and provide a framework for using OM-153 for further preclinical evaluations. Significance This study uncovers the effectiveness and therapeutic window for a novel tankyrase inhibitor in mouse tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshy A Brinch
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Enya Amundsen-Isaksen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Espada
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clara Hammarström
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksandra Aizenshtadt
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter A Olsen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lone Holmen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Høyem
- Department of Transplant Medicine and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Transplant Medicine and Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnveig Grødeland
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sven T Sowa
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Albert Galera-Prat
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Krauss
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jo Waaler
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Yu M, Yang Y, Sykes M, Wang S. Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Tankyrases as Prospective Therapeutics for Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5244-5273. [PMID: 35306814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tankyrases are multifunctional poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases that regulate diverse biological processes including telomere maintenance and cellular signaling. These processes are often implicated in a number of human diseases, with cancer being the most prevalent example. Accordingly, tankyrase inhibitors have gained increasing attention as potential therapeutics. Since the discovery of XAV939 and IWR-1 as the first tankyrase inhibitors over two decades ago, tankyrase-targeted drug discovery has made significant progress. This review starts with an introduction of tankyrases, with emphasis placed on their cancer-related functions. Small-molecule inhibitors of tankyrases are subsequently delineated based on their distinct modes of binding to the enzymes. In addition to inhibitors that compete with oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for binding to the catalytic domain of tankyrases, non-NAD+-competitive inhibitors are detailed. This is followed by a description of three clinically trialled tankyrase inhibitors. To conclude, some of challenges and prospects in developing tankyrase-targeted cancer therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Yu
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Yuchao Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Matthew Sykes
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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11
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Leenders RGG, Brinch SA, Sowa ST, Amundsen-Isaksen E, Galera-Prat A, Murthy S, Aertssen S, Smits JN, Nieczypor P, Damen E, Wegert A, Nazaré M, Lehtiö L, Waaler J, Krauss S. Development of a 1,2,4-Triazole-Based Lead Tankyrase Inhibitor: Part II. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17936-17949. [PMID: 34878777 PMCID: PMC8713164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Tankyrase 1 and 2
(TNKS1/2) catalyze post-translational modification
by poly-ADP-ribosylation of a plethora of target proteins. In this
function, TNKS1/2 also impact the WNT/β-catenin and Hippo signaling
pathways that are involved in numerous human disease conditions including
cancer. Targeting TNKS1/2 with small-molecule inhibitors shows promising
potential to modulate the involved pathways, thereby potentiating
disease intervention. Based on our 1,2,4-triazole-based lead compound 1 (OM-1700), further structure–activity relationship
analyses of East-, South- and West-single-point alterations and hybrids
identified compound 24 (OM-153). Compound 24 showed picomolar IC50 inhibition in a cellular (HEK293)
WNT/β-catenin signaling reporter assay, no off-target liabilities,
overall favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
(ADME) properties, and an improved pharmacokinetic profile in mice.
Moreover, treatment with compound 24 induced dose-dependent
biomarker engagement and reduced cell growth in the colon cancer cell
line COLO 320DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shoshy Alam Brinch
- Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sven T Sowa
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Enya Amundsen-Isaksen
- Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Albert Galera-Prat
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sudarshan Murthy
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Eddy Damen
- Symeres, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Wegert
- Symeres, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jo Waaler
- Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Krauss
- Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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12
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Poltronieri P, Miwa M, Masutani M. ADP-Ribosylation as Post-Translational Modification of Proteins: Use of Inhibitors in Cancer Control. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10829. [PMID: 34639169 PMCID: PMC8509805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the post-translational modifications of proteins, ADP-ribosylation has been studied for over fifty years, and a large set of functions, including DNA repair, transcription, and cell signaling, have been assigned to this post-translational modification (PTM). This review presents an update on the function of a large set of enzyme writers, the readers that are recruited by the modified targets, and the erasers that reverse the modification to the original amino acid residue, removing the covalent bonds formed. In particular, the review provides details on the involvement of the enzymes performing monoADP-ribosylation/polyADP-ribosylation (MAR/PAR) cycling in cancers. Of note, there is potential for the application of the inhibitors developed for cancer also in the therapy of non-oncological diseases such as the protection against oxidative stress, the suppression of inflammatory responses, and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This field of studies is not concluded, since novel enzymes are being discovered at a rapid pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmiro Poltronieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, National Research Council of Italy, CNR-ISPA, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Masanao Miwa
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama 526-0829, Japan;
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, CBMM, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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13
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Parsons MJ, Tammela T, Dow LE. WNT as a Driver and Dependency in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2413-2429. [PMID: 34518209 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway is a critical regulator of development and adult tissue homeostasis and becomes dysregulated in many cancer types. Although hyperactivation of WNT signaling is common, the type and frequency of genetic WNT pathway alterations can vary dramatically between different cancers, highlighting possible cancer-specific mechanisms for WNT-driven disease. In this review, we discuss how WNT pathway disruption contributes to tumorigenesis in different organs and how WNT affects the tumor cell and immune microenvironment. Finally, we describe recent and ongoing efforts to target oncogenic WNT signaling as a therapeutic strategy. SIGNIFICANCE: WNT signaling is a fundamental regulator of tissue homeostasis and oncogenic driver in many cancer types. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of WNT signaling in cancer, particularly the complexities of WNT activation in distinct cancer types, its role in immune evasion, and the challenge of targeting the WNT pathway as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Parsons
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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14
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Karaca B, Bakır E, Yerer MB, Cumaoğlu A, Hamurcu Z, Eken A. Doxazosin and erlotinib have anticancer effects in the endometrial cancer cell and important roles in ERα and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22905. [PMID: 34463000 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ERα and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are critical for the progression of most endometrial cancers. We aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of tamoxifen and quinazoline derivative drugs of doxazosin and erlotinib, and their roles in ERα and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in human endometrial cancer RL 95-2 cell. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and xCELLigence systems were performed to evaluate cytotoxicity. Furthermore, apoptotic induction was tested by Annexin V analysis. Caspase-3 and -9 activity and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated. The level of reactive oxygen species was measured by incubating with dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Protein ratios of p-ERα/ERα, GSK3β/p-GSK3β, and p-β-catenin/β-catenin and expression levels of ESR1, EGFR, c-Myc genes were evaluated to elucidate mechanisms in signaling pathways. We found that the tested drugs showed cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in the cells. Doxazosin significantly reduced ESR1 expression, slightly reduced the p-β-catenin/β-catenin ratio and c-Myc expression. Erlotinib significantly increased c-Myc expression while significantly decreasing the p-β-catenin/β-catenin and p-ERα/ERα ratio, and ESR1 expression. However, we observed that the cells develop resistance to erlotinib over a certain concentration, suggesting that ERα, ESR1, EGFR, and c-Myc may be a new target for overcoming drug resistance in the treatment of endometrial cancer. We also observed that erlotinib and doxazosin play an important role in the ERα signaling pathway and can act as potent inhibitors of PKA and/or tyrosine kinase in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in RL 95-2 cell. In conclusion, doxazosin and erlotinib may have a possible therapeutic potential in human endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Karaca
- Hakan Çetinsaya Good Clinical Practice and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Elçin Bakır
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mükerrem Betül Yerer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cumaoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Hamurcu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eken
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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15
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Ma Y, Zhang P, Zhang Q, Wang X, Miao Q, Lyu X, Cui B, Ma H. Dihydroartemisinin suppresses proliferation, migration, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and EMT via TNKS in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:688. [PMID: 34457043 PMCID: PMC8358739 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a common malignancy worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this malignancy remain unclear and there are a lack of effective drugs. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) or inhibition of Tankyrases (TNKS), and determine the underlying molecular mechanisms of gastric cancer. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to detect the expression levels of TNKS, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related proteins in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to assess the viability of HGC-27 and AGS cells following treatment with different concentrations of HLY78 (a Wnt activator) or DHA. Following treatment with HLY78, DHA or small interfering (si)-TNKS1/si-TNKS2, colony formation and migratory abilities were assessed via the colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays. Furthermore, western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were performed to detect the expression levels of TNKS, EMT- and Wnt/β-catenin-related proteins. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of TNKS, AXI2, β-catenin, N-cadherin and Vimentin were upregulated, whereas E-cadherin expression was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Furthermore, HLY78 and DHA suppressed the viability of HGC-27 and AGS cells, in a concentration-independent manner. Notably, TNKS knockdown or treatment with DHA suppressed colony formation, migration, TNKS expression, EMT and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Opposing effects were observed following treatment with HLY78, which were ameliorated following co-treatment with DHA. Taken together, these results suggest that DHA or inhibition of TNKS can suppress the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells, which is partly associated with inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Qilong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Pathology, North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Lyu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Cui
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Honghong Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
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16
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Yu F, Yu C, Li F, Zuo Y, Wang Y, Yao L, Wu C, Wang C, Ye L. Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cancers and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:307. [PMID: 34456337 PMCID: PMC8403677 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been broadly implicated in human cancers and experimental cancer models of animals. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is tightly linked with the increment of prevalence, advancement of malignant progression, development of poor prognostics, and even ascendence of the cancer-associated mortality. Early experimental investigations have proposed the theoretical potential that efficient repression of this signaling might provide promising therapeutic choices in managing various types of cancers. Up to date, many therapies targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cancers have been developed, which is assumed to endow clinicians with new opportunities of developing more satisfactory and precise remedies for cancer patients with aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling. However, current facts indicate that the clinical translations of Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent targeted therapies have faced un-neglectable crises and challenges. Therefore, in this study, we systematically reviewed the most updated knowledge of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cancers and relatively targeted therapies to generate a clearer and more accurate awareness of both the developmental stage and underlying limitations of Wnt/β-catenin-targeted therapies in cancers. Insights of this study will help readers better understand the roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cancers and provide insights to acknowledge the current opportunities and challenges of targeting this signaling in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Endodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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17
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Mygland L, Brinch SA, Strand MF, Olsen PA, Aizenshtadt A, Lund K, Solberg NT, Lycke M, Thorvaldsen TE, Espada S, Misaghian D, Page CM, Agafonov O, Nygård S, Chi NW, Lin E, Tan J, Yu Y, Costa M, Krauss S, Waaler J. Identification of response signatures for tankyrase inhibitor treatment in tumor cell lines. iScience 2021; 24:102807. [PMID: 34337362 PMCID: PMC8313754 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2 (TNKS1/2) inhibitors are effective antitumor agents in selected tumor cell lines and mouse models. Here, we characterized the response signatures and the in-depth mechanisms for the antiproliferative effect of tankyrase inhibition (TNKSi). The TNKS1/2-specific inhibitor G007-LK was used to screen 537 human tumor cell lines and a panel of particularly TNKSi-sensitive tumor cell lines was identified. Transcriptome, proteome, and bioinformatic analyses revealed the overall TNKSi-induced response signatures in the selected panel. TNKSi-mediated inhibition of wingless-type mammary tumor virus integration site/β-catenin, yes-associated protein 1 (YAP), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/AKT signaling was validated and correlated with lost expression of the key oncogene MYC and impaired cell growth. Moreover, we show that TNKSi induces accumulation of TNKS1/2-containing β-catenin degradasomes functioning as core complexes interacting with YAP and angiomotin proteins during attenuation of YAP signaling. These findings provide a contextual and mechanistic framework for using TNKSi in anticancer treatment that warrants further comprehensive preclinical and clinical evaluations. TNKSi-responding tumor cell lines were identified TNKSi targets WNT/β-catenin, YAP, and PI3K/AKT signaling Reduced MYC expression leads to impaired tumor cell growth
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Mygland
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Shoshy Alam Brinch
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Frank Strand
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, P.O. Box 1190 Sentrum, 0107 Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Angell Olsen
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksandra Aizenshtadt
- Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaja Lund
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Nina Therese Solberg
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Max Lycke
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Tor Espen Thorvaldsen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandra Espada
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dorna Misaghian
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Christian M Page
- Center for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleg Agafonov
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Core Facilities, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausseen 70, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, P.O. box 080 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nai-Wen Chi
- Endocrine Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Eva Lin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jenille Tan
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yihong Yu
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mike Costa
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Stefan Krauss
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jo Waaler
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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18
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Zhang H, Steed A, Co M, Chen X. Cancer stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, ATP and their roles in drug resistance in cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2021; 4:684-709. [PMID: 34322664 PMCID: PMC8315560 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) state and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) activation are tightly interconnected. Cancer cells that acquire the EMT/CSC phenotype are equipped with adaptive metabolic changes to maintain low reactive oxygen species levels and stemness, enhanced drug transporters, anti-apoptotic machinery and DNA repair system. Factors present in the tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia and the communication with non-cancer stromal cells also promote cancer cells to enter the EMT/CSC state and display related resistance. ATP, particularly the high levels of intratumoral extracellular ATP functioning through both signaling pathways and ATP internalization, induces and regulates EMT and CSC. The three of them work together to enhance drug resistance. New findings in each of these factors will help us explore deeper into mechanisms of drug resistance and suggest new resistance-associated markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Zhang
- Department of Biological Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Alexander Steed
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Milo Co
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Xiaozhuo Chen
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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19
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Zamudio-Martinez E, Herrera-Campos AB, Muñoz A, Rodríguez-Vargas JM, Oliver FJ. Tankyrases as modulators of pro-tumoral functions: molecular insights and therapeutic opportunities. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:144. [PMID: 33910596 PMCID: PMC8080362 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tankyrase 1 (TNKS1) and tankyrase 2 (TNKS2) are two homologous proteins that are gaining increasing importance due to their implication in multiple pathways and diseases such as cancer. TNKS1/2 interact with a large variety of substrates through the ankyrin (ANK) domain, which recognizes a sequence present in all the substrates of tankyrase, called Tankyrase Binding Motif (TBM). One of the main functions of tankyrases is the regulation of protein stability through the process of PARylation-dependent ubiquitination (PARdU). Nonetheless, there are other functions less studied that are also essential in order to understand the role of tankyrases in many pathways. In this review, we concentrate in different tankyrase substrates and we analyze in depth the biological consequences derived of their interaction with TNKS1/2. We also examine the concept of both canonical and non-canonical TBMs and finally, we focus on the information about the role of TNKS1/2 in different tumor context, along with the benefits and limitations of the current TNKS inhibitors targeting the catalytic PARP domain and the novel strategies to develop inhibitors against the ankyrin domain. Available data indicates the need for further deepening in the knowledge of tankyrases to elucidate and improve the current view of the role of these PARP family members and get inhibitors with a better therapeutic and safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Zamudio-Martinez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, CIBERONC, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Muñoz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Rodríguez-Vargas
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, CIBERONC, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Javier Oliver
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, CIBERONC, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Xing J, Yang J, Gu Y, Yi J. Research update on the anticancer effects of buparlisib. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:266. [PMID: 33717263 PMCID: PMC7885152 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Buparlisib is a highly efficient and selective PI3K inhibitor and a member of the 2,6-dimorpholinopyrimidine-derived family of compounds. It selectively inhibits four isomers of PI3K, PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ, by competitively binding the lipid kinase domain on adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and serves an important role in inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis and blocking angiogenesis, predominantly by antagonizing the PI3K/AKT pathway. Buparlisib has been confirmed to have a clinical effect in patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies. A global, phase II clinical trial with buparlisib and paclitaxel in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has now been completed, with a manageable safety profile. Buparlisib currently has fast-track status with the United States Food and Drug Administration. The present review examined the biochemical structure, pharmacokinetic characteristics, preclinical data and ongoing clinical studies of buparlisib. The various mechanisms of influence of buparlisib in tumors, particularly in preclinical research, were summarized, providing a theoretical basis and direction for basic research on and clinical treatment with buparlisib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yingjiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jingyan Yi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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21
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Mehta CC, Bhatt HG. Tankyrase inhibitors as antitumor agents: a patent update (2013 - 2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:645-661. [PMID: 33567917 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1888929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tankyrase inhibitors gained significant attention as therapeutic targets in oncology because of their potency. Their primary role in inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway makes them an important class of compounds with the potential to be used as a combination therapy in future treatments of colorectal cancer. AREAS COVERED This review describes pertinent work in the development of tankyrase inhibitors with a great emphasis on the recently patented TNKS inhibitors published from 2013 to 2020. This article also highlights a couple of promising candidates having tankyrase inhibitory effects and are currently undergoing clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Following the successful clinical applications of PARP inhibitors, tankyrase inhibition has gained significant attention in the research community as a target with high therapeutic potential. The ubiquitous role of tankyrase in cellular homeostasis and Wnt-dependent tumor proliferation brought difficulties for researchers to strike the right balance between potency and on-target toxicity. The need for novel tankyrase inhibitors with a better ADMET profile can introduce an additional regimen in treating various malignancies in monotherapy or adjuvant therapy. The development of combination therapies, including tankyrase inhibitors with or without PARP inhibitory properties, can potentially benefit the larger population of patients with unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag C Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad India
| | - Hardik G Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad India
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22
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Chen Y, Yang L, Qin Y, Liu S, Qiao Y, Wan X, Zeng H, Tang X, Liu M, Hou Y. Effects of differential distributed-JUP on the malignancy of gastric cancer. J Adv Res 2020; 28:195-208. [PMID: 33364056 PMCID: PMC7753239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
JUP, a homologue of β-catenin, is a cell-cell junction protein involved in adhesion junction and desmosome composition. JUP may have a controversial role in different malignancies dependence of its competence with or collaboration with β-catenin as a transcription factor. In this study, we reveal that the function of JUP is related to its cellular location in GC development process from epithelium-like, low malignant GC to advanced EMT-phenotypic GC. Gradual loss of membrane and/or cytoplasm JUP is closely correlated with GC malignancy and poor prognostics. Knockdown of JUP in epithelium-like GC cells causes EMT and promotes GC cell migration and invasion. Ectopic expression of wild JUP in malignant GC cells leads to an attenuated malignant phenotype such as reduced cell invasive potential. In mechanism, loss of membrane and/or cytoplasm JUP abolishes the restrain of JUP to EGFR at cell membrane and results in increased p-AKT levels and AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling activity. In addition, nuclear JUP interacts with nuclear β-catenin and TCF4 and plays a synergistic role with β-catenin in promoting TCF4 transcription and its downstream target MMP7 expression to fuel GC cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yilu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shuiqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yina Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xueying Wan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designed by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yixuan Hou
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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23
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Manglani K, Dey CS. Tankyrase inhibition augments neuronal insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake via AMPK-AS160 mediated pathway. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104854. [PMID: 33002563 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tankyrase, a member of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family, regulates various cellular pathways including wnt signaling, telomere maintenance and mitosis, has become a prime target for the development of cancer therapeutics. Inhibition of tankyrase, which leads to its increased cellular accumulation, reveal the role of tankyrase in the regulation of Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation and glucose homeostasis in peripheral insulin responsive tissues. While in adipocytes inhibition of tankyrase improves insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, its inhibition in skeletal muscle leads to development of insulin resistance. Evidently further studies are required to determine the broader perspective of tankyrase in other cellular systems in regulating insulin signaling and insulin resistance. Role of tankyrase in neuronal tissues/cells has not been tested. In the present study, we investigated the effect of tankyrase inhibition in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant Neuro-2a cells. Here, we report that XAV939 treatment, a tankyrase inhibitor, improves insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive as well as in insulin-resistant neuronal cells via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) - AKT Substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) mediated pathway without affecting the phosphorylation/activation of AKT. AMPK inhibition by Compound C repressed XAV939 treatment mediated increase in glucose uptake, confirming the role of tankyrase in glucose uptake via AMPK. We show for the first time that inhibition of tankyrase significantly improves glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity of insulin-resistant neuronal cells via AMPK-AS160 mediated pathway. Our study demonstrates new mechanistic insights of tankyrase mediated regulation of insulin sensitivity as well as glucose uptake in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Manglani
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Chinmoy Sankar Dey
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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24
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Waaler J, Leenders RGG, Sowa ST, Alam Brinch S, Lycke M, Nieczypor P, Aertssen S, Murthy S, Galera-Prat A, Damen E, Wegert A, Nazaré M, Lehtiö L, Krauss S. Preclinical Lead Optimization of a 1,2,4-Triazole Based Tankyrase Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6834-6846. [PMID: 32511917 PMCID: PMC8008393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
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Tankyrases
1 and 2 are central biotargets in the WNT/β-catenin
signaling and Hippo signaling pathways. We have previously developed
tankyrase inhibitors bearing a 1,2,4-triazole moiety and binding predominantly
to the adenosine binding site of the tankyrase catalytic domain. Here
we describe a systematic structure-guided lead optimization approach
of these tankyrase inhibitors. The central 1,2,4-triazole template
and trans-cyclobutyl linker of the lead compound 1 were left unchanged, while side-group East, West, and South
moieties were altered by introducing different building blocks defined
as point mutations. The systematic study provided a novel series of
compounds reaching picomolar IC50 inhibition in WNT/β-catenin signaling cellular reporter assay. The novel optimized
lead 13 resolves previous atropisomerism, solubility,
and Caco-2 efflux liabilities. 13 shows a favorable ADME
profile, including improved Caco-2 permeability and oral bioavailability
in mice, and exhibits antiproliferative efficacy in the colon cancer
cell line COLO 320DM in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Waaler
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sven T Sowa
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Shoshy Alam Brinch
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Max Lycke
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Piotr Nieczypor
- Mercachem BV, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Aertssen
- Mercachem BV, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sudarshan Murthy
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Albert Galera-Prat
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Eddy Damen
- Mercachem BV, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Wegert
- Mercachem BV, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Nazaré
- Medicinal Chemistry, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin Buch, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Stefan Krauss
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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25
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Kierulf-Vieira KS, Sandberg CJ, Waaler J, Lund K, Skaga E, Saberniak BM, Panagopoulos I, Brandal P, Krauss S, Langmoen IA, Vik-Mo EO. A Small-Molecule Tankyrase Inhibitor Reduces Glioma Stem Cell Proliferation and Sphere Formation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061630. [PMID: 32575464 PMCID: PMC7352564 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the growth and therapeutic resistance of glioblastoma (GBM) may be enabled by a population of glioma stem cells (GSCs) that are regulated by typical stem cell pathways, including the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. We wanted to explore the effect of treating GSCs with a small-molecule inhibitor of tankyrase, G007-LK, which has been shown to be a potent modulator of the WNT/β-catenin and Hippo pathways in colon cancer. Four primary GSC cultures and two primary adult neural stem cell cultures were treated with G007-LK and subsequently evaluated through the measurement of growth characteristics, as well as the expression of WNT/β-catenin and Hippo signaling pathway-related proteins and genes. Treatment with G007-LK decreased in vitro proliferation and sphere formation in all four primary GSC cultures in a dose-dependent manner. G007-LK treatment altered the expression of key downstream WNT/β-catenin and Hippo signaling pathway-related proteins and genes. Finally, cotreatment with the established GBM chemotherapeutic compound temozolomide (TMZ) led to an additive reduction in sphere formation, suggesting that WNT/β-catenin signaling may contribute to TMZ resistance. These observations suggest that tankyrase inhibition may serve as a supplement to current GBM therapy, although more work is needed to determine the exact downstream mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Strømme Kierulf-Vieira
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (B.M.S.); (I.A.L.); (E.O.V.-M.)
- Norwegian Stem Cell Center, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Cecilie Jonsgar Sandberg
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (B.M.S.); (I.A.L.); (E.O.V.-M.)
- Norwegian Stem Cell Center, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jo Waaler
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (J.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.)
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 OSLO, Norway
| | - Kaja Lund
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (J.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.)
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 OSLO, Norway
| | - Erlend Skaga
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (B.M.S.); (I.A.L.); (E.O.V.-M.)
- Norwegian Stem Cell Center, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Birthe Mikkelsen Saberniak
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (B.M.S.); (I.A.L.); (E.O.V.-M.)
- Norwegian Stem Cell Center, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, P.O. Box 49534 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (I.P.); (P.B.)
| | - Petter Brandal
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, P.O. Box 49534 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (I.P.); (P.B.)
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, P.O. Box 49534 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Krauss
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (J.W.); (K.L.); (S.K.)
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1110 Blindern, 0317 OSLO, Norway
| | - Iver Arne Langmoen
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (B.M.S.); (I.A.L.); (E.O.V.-M.)
- Norwegian Stem Cell Center, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Osland Vik-Mo
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; (C.J.S.); (E.S.); (B.M.S.); (I.A.L.); (E.O.V.-M.)
- Norwegian Stem Cell Center, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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Tankyrase inhibition sensitizes melanoma to PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade in syngeneic mouse models. Commun Biol 2020; 3:196. [PMID: 32332858 PMCID: PMC7181813 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors represents a major breakthrough in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, a substantial number of patients fail to respond to checkpoint pathway blockade. Evidence for WNT/β-catenin signaling-mediated immune evasion is found in a subset of cancers including melanoma. Currently, there are no therapeutic strategies available for targeting WNT/β-catenin signaling. Here we show that a specific small-molecule tankyrase inhibitor, G007-LK, decreases WNT/β-catenin and YAP signaling in the syngeneic murine B16-F10 and Clone M-3 melanoma models and sensitizes the tumors to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the synergistic effect of tankyrase and checkpoint inhibitor treatment is dependent on loss of β-catenin in the tumor cells, anti-PD-1-stimulated infiltration of T cells into the tumor and induction of an IFNγ- and CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune response. Our study uncovers a combinatorial therapeutical strategy using tankyrase inhibition to overcome β-catenin-mediated resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma.
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27
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Prossomariti A, Piazzi G, Alquati C, Ricciardiello L. Are Wnt/β-Catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 Distinct Pathways in Colorectal Cancer? Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:491-506. [PMID: 32334125 PMCID: PMC7369353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (PI3K/AKT/mTORC1) pathways both are critically involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, although they are implicated in the modulation of distinct oncogenic mechanisms. In homeostatic and pathologic conditions, these pathways show a fine regulation based mainly on feedback mechanisms, and are connected at multiple levels involving both upstream and downstream common effectors. The ability of the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathways to reciprocally control themselves represents one of the main resistance mechanisms to selective inhibitors in CRC, leading to the hypothesis that in specific settings, particularly in cancer driven by genetic alterations in Wnt/β-catenin signaling, the relationship between Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathways could be so close that they should be considered as a unique therapeutic target. This review provides an update on the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway interconnections in CRC, describing the main molecular players and the potential implications of combined inhibitors as an approach for CRC chemoprevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Prossomariti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Anna Prossomariti, PhD, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy. fax: (39) 051-2143902.
| | - Giulia Piazzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Alquati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Luigi Ricciardiello, MD, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy. fax: (39) 051-2143381
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28
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Tankyrase inhibition ameliorates lipid disorder via suppression of PGC-1α PARylation in db/db mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1691-1702. [PMID: 32317752 PMCID: PMC7381423 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Human TNKS, encoding tankyrase 1 (TNKS1), localizes to a susceptibility locus for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we addressed the therapeutic potential of G007-LK, a TNKS-specific inhibitor, for obesity and T2DM. Methods We administered G007-LK to diabetic db/db mice and measured the impact on body weight, abdominal adiposity, and serum metabolites. Muscle, liver, and white adipose tissues were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting to determine TNKS inhibition, lipolysis, beiging, adiponectin level, mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and mass, and gluconeogenesis. Protein interaction and PARylation analyses were carried out by immunoprecipitation, pull-down and in situ proximity ligation assays. Results TNKS inhibition reduced body weight gain, abdominal fat content, serum cholesterol levels, steatosis, and proteins associated with lipolysis in diabetic db/db mice. We discovered that TNKS associates with PGC-1α and that TNKS inhibition attenuates PARylation of PGC-1α, contributing to increased PGC-1α level in WAT and muscle in db/db mice. PGC-1α upregulation apparently modulated transcriptional reprogramming to increase mitochondrial mass and fatty acid oxidative metabolism in muscle, beiging of WAT, and raised circulating adiponectin level in db/db mice. This was in sharp contrast to the liver, where TNKS inhibition in db/db mice had no effect on PGC-1α expression, lipid metabolism, or gluconeogenesis. Conclusion Our study unravels a novel molecular mechanism whereby pharmacological inhibition of TNKS in obesity and diabetes enhances oxidative metabolism and ameliorates lipid disorder. This happens via tissue-specific PGC-1α-driven transcriptional reprogramming in muscle and WAT, without affecting liver. This highlights inhibition of TNKS as a potential pharmacotherapy for obesity and T2DM.
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Zhang Y, Zu D, Chen Z, Ying G. An update on Wnt signaling pathway in cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:1246-1252. [PMID: 35117469 PMCID: PMC8797977 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.12.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling involves many aspects of development, cell biology and physiology. Mutations in the Wnt gene can lead to abnormal embryonic development and cancer formation, including various aspects that affect proliferation, morphogenesis, and differentiation. The occurrence and development of tumors is a complex process involving multiple factors. The Wnt signaling pathway participates in this process as an anti-tumor target by activating multiple gene transcriptions. The emergence of Wnt pathway inhibitors and targeted drugs has opened up a new world of cancer treatment. This review focuses on the mechanism of action of the Wnt signaling pathway in different cancers. Secondly, we have organized and introduced the latest Wnt anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dan Zu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Guoqing Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Foronda M, Tarumoto Y, Schatoff EM, Leach BI, Diaz BJ, Zimmerman J, Goswami S, Shusterman M, Vakoc CR, Dow LE. Tankyrase inhibition sensitizes cells to CDK4 blockade. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226645. [PMID: 31891587 PMCID: PMC6938305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tankyrase (TNKS) 1/2 are positive regulators of WNT signaling by controlling the activity of the ß-catenin destruction complex. TNKS inhibitors provide an opportunity to suppress hyperactive WNT signaling in tumors, however, they have shown limited anti-proliferative activity as a monotherapy in human cancer cell lines. Here we perform a kinome-focused CRISPR screen to identify potential effective drug combinations with TNKS inhibition. We show that the loss of CDK4, but not CDK6, synergizes with TNKS1/2 blockade to drive G1 cell cycle arrest and senescence. Through precise modelling of cancer-associated mutations using cytidine base editors, we show that this therapeutic approach is absolutely dependent on suppression of canonical WNT signaling by TNKS inhibitors and is effective in cells from multiple epithelial cancer types. Together, our results suggest that combined WNT and CDK4 inhibition might provide a potential therapeutic strategy for difficult-to-treat epithelial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Foronda
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Yusuke Tarumoto
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States of America
| | - Emma M. Schatoff
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Tri-Institutional MD-PhD program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Benjamin I. Leach
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Bianca J. Diaz
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jill Zimmerman
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Sukanya Goswami
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael Shusterman
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Lukas E. Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Olsen C, Skottvoll FS, Brandtzaeg OK, Schnaars C, Rongved P, Lundanes E, Wilson SR. Investigating Monoliths (Vinyl Azlactone-co-Ethylene Dimethacrylate) as a Support for Enzymes and Drugs, for Proteomics and Drug-Target Studies. Front Chem 2019; 7:835. [PMID: 31850321 PMCID: PMC6902630 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to mass spectrometry, on-line sample preparation can be beneficial to reduce manual steps, increase speed, and enable analysis of limited sample amounts. For example, bottom-up proteomics sample preparation and analysis can be accelerated by digesting proteins to peptides in an on-line enzyme reactor. We here focus on low-backpressure 100 μm inner diameter (ID) × 160 mm, 180 μm ID × 110 mm or 250 μm ID × 140 mm vinyl azlactone-co-ethylene dimethacrylate [poly(VDM-co-EDMA)] monoliths as supports for immobilizing of additional molecules (i.e., proteases or drugs), as the monolith was expected to have few unspecific interactions. For on-line protein digestion, monolith supports immobilized with trypsin enzyme were found to be suited, featuring the expected characteristics of the material, i.e., low backpressure and low carry-over. Serving as a functionalized sample loop, the monolith units were very simple to connect on-line with liquid chromatography. However, for on-line target deconvolution, the monolithic support immobilized with a Wnt pathway inhibitor was associated with numerous secondary interactions when exploring the possibility of selectively trapping target proteins by drug-target interactions. Our initial observations suggest that (poly(VDM-co-EDMA)) monoliths are promising for e.g., on-line bottom-up proteomics, but not a "fit-for-all" material. We also discuss issues related to the repeatability of monolith-preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christian Schnaars
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Rongved
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elsa Lundanes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Zhong Z, Virshup DM. Wnt Signaling and Drug Resistance in Cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 97:72-89. [PMID: 31787618 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnts are secreted proteins that bind to cell surface receptors to activate downstream signaling cascades. Normal Wnt signaling plays key roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. The secretion of Wnt ligands, the turnover of Wnt receptors, and the signaling transduction are tightly regulated and fine-tuned to keep the signaling output "just right." Hyperactivated Wnt signaling due to recurrent genetic alterations drives several human cancers. Elevated Wnt signaling also confers resistance to multiple conventional and targeted cancer therapies through diverse mechanisms including maintaining the cancer stem cell population, enhancing DNA damage repair, facilitating transcriptional plasticity, and promoting immune evasion. Different classes of Wnt signaling inhibitors targeting key nodes of the pathway have been developed and show efficacy in treating Wnt-driven cancers and subverting Wnt-mediated therapy resistance in preclinical studies. Several of these inhibitors have advanced to clinical trials, both singly and in combination with other existing US Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-cancer modalities. In the near future, pharmacological inhibition of Wnt signaling may be a real choice for patients with cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The latest insights in Wnt signaling, ranging from basic biology to therapeutic implications in cancer, are reviewed. Recent studies extend understanding of this ancient signaling pathway and describe the development and improvement of anti-Wnt therapeutic modalities for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhong
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z.); Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z., D.M.V.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.M.V.)
| | - David M Virshup
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z.); Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z., D.M.V.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.M.V.)
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Vivelo CA, Ayyappan V, Leung AKL. Poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent ubiquitination and its clinical implications. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 167:3-12. [PMID: 31077644 PMCID: PMC6702056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation-the addition of one or multiple ADP-ribose units onto proteins-is a therapeutically important post-translational modification implicated in cancer, neurodegeneration, and infectious diseases. The protein modification regulates a broad range of biological processes, including DNA repair, transcription, RNA metabolism, and the structural integrity of nonmembranous structures. The polymeric form of ADP-ribose, poly(ADP-ribose), was recently identified as a signal for triggering protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Using informatics analyses, we found that these ubiquitinated substrates tend to be low abundance proteins, which may serve as rate-limiting factors within signaling networks or metabolic processes. In this review, we summarize the current literature on poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent ubiquitination (PARdU) regarding its biological mechanisms, substrates, and relevance to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Vivelo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony K L Leung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Schatoff EM, Goswami S, Zafra MP, Foronda M, Shusterman M, Leach BI, Katti A, Diaz BJ, Dow LE. Distinct Colorectal Cancer-Associated APC Mutations Dictate Response to Tankyrase Inhibition. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1358-1371. [PMID: 31337618 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The majority of colorectal cancers show hyperactivated WNT signaling due to inactivating mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor. Genetically restoring APC suppresses WNT and induces rapid and sustained tumor regression, implying that reengaging this endogenous tumor-suppressive mechanism may be an effective therapeutic strategy. Here, using new animal models, human cell lines, and ex vivo organoid cultures, we show that tankyrase (TNKS) inhibition can control WNT hyperactivation and provide long-term tumor control in vivo, but that effective responses are critically dependent on how APC is disrupted. Mutant APC proteins truncated within the mutation cluster region physically engage the destruction complex and suppress the WNT transcriptional program, while APC variants with early truncations (e.g., Apc Min) show limited interaction with AXIN1 and β-catenin, and do not respond to TNKS blockade. Together, this work shows that TNKS inhibition, like APC restoration, can reestablish endogenous control of WNT/β-catenin signaling, but that APC genotype is a crucial determinant of this response. SIGNIFICANCE: This study reveals how subtle changes to the mutations in a critical colorectal tumor suppressor, APC, influence the cellular response to a targeted therapy. It underscores how investigating the specific genetic alterations that occur in human cancer can identify important biological mechanisms of drug response and resistance.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Schatoff
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-I MD-PhD program, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sukanya Goswami
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Maria Paz Zafra
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Miguel Foronda
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael Shusterman
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin I Leach
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Alyna Katti
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Bianca J Diaz
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. .,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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35
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Berishvili VP, Perkin VO, Voronkov AE, Radchenko EV, Syed R, Venkata Ramana Reddy C, Pillay V, Kumar P, Choonara YE, Kamal A, Palyulin VA. Time-Domain Analysis of Molecular Dynamics Trajectories Using Deep Neural Networks: Application to Activity Ranking of Tankyrase Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:3519-3532. [PMID: 31276400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations provide valuable insights into the behavior of molecular systems. Extending the recent trend of using machine learning techniques to predict physicochemical properties from molecular dynamics data, we propose to consider the trajectories as multidimensional time series represented by 2D tensors containing the ligand-protein interaction descriptor values for each time step. Similar in structure to the time series encountered in modern approaches for signal, speech, and natural language processing, these time series can be directly analyzed using long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks or convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The predictive regression models for the ligand-protein affinity were built for a subset of the PDBbind v.2017 database and applied to inhibitors of tankyrase, an enzyme of the poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) family that can be used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. As an additional test set, a subset of the Community Structure-Activity Resource (CSAR) data set was used. For comparison, the random forest and simple neural network models based on the crystal pose or the trajectory-averaged descriptors were used, as well as the commonly employed docking and molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) scores. Convolutional neural networks based on the 2D tensors of ligand-protein interaction descriptors for short (2 ns) trajectories provide the best accuracy and predictive power, reaching the Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.73 and Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.70 for the tankyrase test set. Taking into account the recent increase in computational power of modern GPUs and relatively low computational complexity of the proposed approach, it can be used as an advanced virtual screening filter for compound prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Berishvili
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Valentin O Perkin
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Andrew E Voronkov
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russia.,Digital BioPharm Ltd. , Hovseterveien 42 A, H0301 , Oslo 0768 , Norway
| | - Eugene V Radchenko
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Riyaz Syed
- Department of Chemistry , Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University , Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085 , India
| | | | - Viness Pillay
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , 7 York Road , Parktown 2193 , South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , 7 York Road , Parktown 2193 , South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , 7 York Road , Parktown 2193 , South Africa
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi 110 062 , India
| | - Vladimir A Palyulin
- Department of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991 , Russia
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Tankyrase (PARP5) Inhibition Induces Bone Loss through Accumulation of Its Substrate SH3BP2. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020195. [PMID: 30813388 PMCID: PMC6406327 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in tankyrase because of its potential use in cancer therapy. Tankyrase catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of a variety of target proteins and regulates various cellular processes. The anti-cancer effects of tankyrase inhibitors are mainly due to their suppression of Wnt signaling and inhibition of telomerase activity, which are mediated by AXIN and TRF1 stabilization, respectively. In this review, we describe the underappreciated effects of another substrate, SH3 domain-binding protein 2 (SH3BP2). Specifically, SH3BP2 is an adaptor protein that regulates intracellular signaling pathways. Additionally, in the human genetic disorder cherubism, the gain-of-function mutations in SH3BP2 enhance osteoclastogenesis. The pharmacological inhibition of tankyrase in mice induces bone loss through the accumulation of SH3BP2 and the subsequent increase in osteoclast formation. These findings reveal the novel functions of tankyrase influencing bone homeostasis, and imply that tankyrase inhibitor treatments in a clinical setting may be associated with adverse effects on bone mass.
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Solberg NT, Melheim M, Strand MF, Olsen PA, Krauss S. MEK Inhibition Induces Canonical WNT Signaling through YAP in KRAS Mutated HCT-15 Cells, and a Cancer Preventive FOXO3/FOXM1 Ratio in Combination with TNKS Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020164. [PMID: 30717152 PMCID: PMC6406699 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of colorectal cancers are induced by subsequent mutations in APC and KRAS genes leading to aberrant activation of both canonical WNT and RAS signaling. However, due to induction of feedback rescue mechanisms some cancers do not respond well to targeted inhibitor treatments. In this study we show that the APC and KRAS mutant human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-15 induces canonical WNT signaling through YAP in a MEK dependent mechanism. This inductive loop is disrupted with combined tankyrase (TNKS) and MEK inhibition. RNA sequencing analysis suggests that combined TNKS/MEK inhibition induces metabolic stress responses in HCT-15 cells promoting a positive FOXO3/FOXM1 ratio to reduce antioxidative and cryoprotective systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Therese Solberg
- Unit for Cell Signaling, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Maria Melheim
- Unit for Cell Signaling, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Martin Frank Strand
- Department of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, PB 1190 Sentrum, 0107 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Petter Angell Olsen
- Unit for Cell Signaling, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Stefan Krauss
- Unit for Cell Signaling, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
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Berishvili VP, Voronkov AE, Radchenko EV, Palyulin VA. Machine Learning Classification Models to Improve the Docking-based Screening: A Case of PI3K-Tankyrase Inhibitors. Mol Inform 2018; 37:e1800030. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201800030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P. Berishvili
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie gory 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Andrew E. Voronkov
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie gory 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
- Digital BioPharm Ltd.; Hovseterveien 42 A, H0301 Oslo 0768 Norway
| | - Eugene V. Radchenko
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie gory 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Palyulin
- Department of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Leninskie gory 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russia
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Pan B, Ren Y, Liu L. Uncovering the action mechanism of polydatin via network pharmacological target prediction. RSC Adv 2018; 8:18851-18858. [PMID: 35539671 PMCID: PMC9080635 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydatin (PD), a small natural compound originally extracted from Polygonum cuspidatum, exerts distinct biological functions in a variety of diseases. However, the action mechanism of PD has yet to be systematically explored. In this study, we firstly corroborated the druggability of PD by evaluating the medicinal properties of PD using a TCMSP server. We then conducted in silico target-prediction for PD using PharmMapper and ChemMapper, which led to the identification of 15 potential targets overlapping in both approaches. These 15 targets were subsequently evaluated by GeneMANIA, GO biological process and KEGG pathway analysis, which finally contribute to the construction of a drug-target-pathway network for PD. The network analysis revealed that these targets were mainly associated with cancer, cell growth and apoptosis, hormones and other physiological processes, outlining the pharmacological influences of PD on multiple integrated pathways involved in a particular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Pan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital Tianjin 300060 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer Tianjin 300060 China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital Tianjin 300060 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer Tianjin 300060 China
| | - Liren Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital Tianjin 300060 China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer Tianjin 300060 China
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