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Wu BK, Mei SC, Chen EH, Zheng Y, Pan D. YAP induces an oncogenic transcriptional program through TET1-mediated epigenetic remodeling in liver growth and tumorigenesis. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1202-1213. [PMID: 35835915 PMCID: PMC9357225 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic remodeling is essential for oncogene-induced cellular transformation and malignancy. In contrast to histone post-translational modifications, how DNA methylation is remodeled by oncogenic signaling remains poorly understood. The oncoprotein YAP, a coactivator of the TEAD transcription factors mediating Hippo signaling, is widely activated in human cancers. Here, we identify the 5-methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1 as a direct YAP target and a master regulator that coordinates the genome-wide epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming of YAP target genes in the liver. YAP activation induces the expression of TET1, which physically interacts with TEAD to cause regional DNA demethylation, histone H3K27 acetylation and chromatin opening in YAP target genes to facilitate transcriptional activation. Loss of TET1 not only reverses YAP-induced epigenetic and transcriptional changes but also suppresses YAP-induced hepatomegaly and tumorigenesis. These findings exemplify how oncogenic signaling regulates the site specificity of DNA demethylation to promote tumorigenesis and implicate TET1 as a potential target for modulating YAP signaling in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kuan Wu
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Szu-Chieh Mei
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yonggang Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Duojia Pan
- Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Nakauchi Y, Azizi A, Thomas D, Corces MR, Reinisch A, Sharma R, Cruz Hernandez D, Kohnke T, Karigane D, Fan A, Martinez-Krams D, Stafford M, Kaur S, Dutta R, Phan P, Ediriwickrema A, McCarthy E, Ning Y, Phillips T, Ellison CK, Guler GD, Bergamaschi A, Ku CJ, Levy S, Majeti R. The cell type specific 5hmC landscape and dynamics of healthy human hematopoiesis and TET2-mutant pre-leukemia. Blood Cancer Discov 2022; 3:346-367. [DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a key step in DNA demethylation that is mediated by ten-eleven-translocation (TET) enzymes, which require ascorbate/vitamin C. Here, we report the 5hmC landscape of normal hematopoiesis and identify cell type-specific 5hmC profiles associated with active transcription and chromatin accessibility of key hematopoietic regulators. We utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to model TET2 loss-of-function mutations in primary human HSPCs. Disrupted cells exhibited increased colonies in serial replating, defective erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation, and in vivo competitive advantage and myeloid skewing coupled with reduction of 5hmC at erythroid-associated gene loci. Azacitidine and ascorbate restored 5hmC abundance and slowed or reverted the expansion of TET2-mutant clones in vivo. These results demonstrate the key role of 5hmC in normal hematopoiesis and TET2-mutant phenotypes and raise the possibility of utilizing these agents to further our understanding of pre-leukemia/clonal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakauchi
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Armon Azizi
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Thomas
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M. Ryan Corces
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Fransisco, California, United States
| | - Andreas Reinisch
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - David Cruz Hernandez
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit and Oxford Centre for Haematology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine,, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Kohnke
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Daiki Karigane
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Amy Fan
- Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | | | | | - Satinder Kaur
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Ritika Dutta
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Paul Phan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | | | | | - Yuhong Ning
- Bluestar Genomics Inc., San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Samuel Levy
- Bluestar Genomics, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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3
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Conery AR, Rocnik JL, Trojer P. Small molecule targeting of chromatin writers in cancer. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 18:124-133. [PMID: 34952934 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
More than a decade after the launch of DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer, 2020 heralded the approval of the first histone methyltransferase inhibitor, revitalizing the concept that targeted manipulation of the chromatin regulatory landscape can have profound therapeutic impact. Three chromatin regulatory pathways-DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation-are frequently implicated in human cancer but hundreds of potentially druggable mechanisms complicate identification of key targets for therapeutic intervention. In addition to human genetics and functional screening, chemical biology approaches have proven critical for the discovery of key nodes in these pathways and in an ever-increasing complexity of molecularly defined human cancer contexts. This review introduces small molecule targeting approaches, showcases chemical probes and drug candidates for epigenetic writer enzymes, illustrates molecular features that may represent epigenetic dependencies and suggests translational strategies to maximize their impact in cancer therapy.
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