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Alharbi KS. The ncRNA-TGF-β axis: Unveiling new frontiers in colorectal cancer research. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155138. [PMID: 38266458 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a substantial global challenge, necessitating a deeper understanding of the molecular underpinnings governing its onset and progression. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) network has been a well-recognized cornerstone in advancing CRC. Nevertheless, a recent study has highlighted the growing importance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in this context. This comprehensive review aims to present an extensive examination of the interaction between ncRNAs and TGF-signaling. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), encompassing circular RNAs (circRNAs), long-ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), have surfaced as pivotal modulators governing various aspects of TGF-β signaling. MiRNAs have been discovered to target elements within the TGF-β signaling, either enhancing or inhibiting signaling, depending on the context. LncRNAs have been associated with CRC progression, functioning as miRNA sponges or directly influencing TGF-β pathway elements. Even circRNAs, a relatively recent addition to the ncRNA family, have impacted CRC, affecting TGF-β signaling through diverse mechanisms. This review encompasses recent progress in comprehending specific ncRNAs involved in TGF-β signaling, their functional roles, and their clinical relevance in CRC. We investigate the possibility of ncRNAs as targets for detection, prognosis, and therapy. Additionally, we explore the interaction of TGF-β and other pathways in CRC and the role of ncRNAs within this intricate network. As we unveil the intricate regulatory function of ncRNAs in the TGF-β signaling in CRC, we gain valuable insights into the disease's pathogenesis. Incorporating these discoveries into clinical settings holds promise for more precise diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapeutic approaches, ultimately enhancing the care of CRC patients. This comprehensive review underscores the ever-evolving landscape of ncRNA research in CRC and the potential for novel interventions in the battle against this formidable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Berta D, Gehrke S, Nyíri K, Vértessy BG, Rosta E. Mechanism-Based Redesign of GAP to Activate Oncogenic Ras. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20302-20310. [PMID: 37682266 PMCID: PMC10515638 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Ras GTPases play a crucial role in cell signaling pathways. Mutations of the Ras gene occur in about one third of cancerous cell lines and are often associated with detrimental clinical prognosis. Hot spot residues Gly12, Gly13, and Gln61 cover 97% of oncogenic mutations, which impair the enzymatic activity in Ras. Using QM/MM free energy calculations, we present a two-step mechanism for the GTP hydrolysis catalyzed by the wild-type Ras.GAP complex. We found that the deprotonation of the catalytic water takes place via the Gln61 as a transient Brønsted base. We also determined the reaction profiles for key oncogenic Ras mutants G12D and G12C using QM/MM minimizations, matching the experimentally observed loss of catalytic activity, thereby validating our reaction mechanism. Using the optimized reaction paths, we devised a fast and accurate procedure to design GAP mutants that activate G12D Ras. We replaced GAP residues near the active site and determined the activation barrier for 190 single mutants. We furthermore built a machine learning for ultrafast screening, by fast prediction of the barrier heights, tested both on the single and double mutations. This work demonstrates that fast and accurate screening can be accomplished via QM/MM reaction path optimizations to design protein sequences with increased catalytic activity. Several GAP mutations are predicted to re-enable catalysis in oncogenic G12D, offering a promising avenue to overcome aberrant Ras-driven signal transduction by activating enzymatic activity instead of inhibition. The outlined computational screening protocol is readily applicable for designing ligands and cofactors analogously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dénes Berta
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, Gower Street, London WC1E
6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Sascha Gehrke
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, Gower Street, London WC1E
6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Kinga Nyíri
- Institute
of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja
2, Budapest 1117, Hungary
- Department
of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 6-8, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Beáta G. Vértessy
- Institute
of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja
2, Budapest 1117, Hungary
- Department
of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 6-8, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, Gower Street, London WC1E
6BT, United Kingdom
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Ming H, Li B, Jiang J, Qin S, Nice EC, He W, Lang T, Huang C. Protein degradation: expanding the toolbox to restrain cancer drug resistance. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:6. [PMID: 36694209 PMCID: PMC9872387 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in clinical management, drug resistance remains a major obstacle. Recent research based on protein degradation to restrain drug resistance has attracted wide attention, and several therapeutic strategies such as inhibition of proteasome with bortezomib and proteolysis-targeting chimeric have been developed. Compared with intervention at the transcriptional level, targeting the degradation process seems to be a more rapid and direct strategy. Proteasomal proteolysis and lysosomal proteolysis are the most critical quality control systems responsible for the degradation of proteins or organelles. Although proteasomal and lysosomal inhibitors (e.g., bortezomib and chloroquine) have achieved certain improvements in some clinical application scenarios, their routine application in practice is still a long way off, which is due to the lack of precise targeting capabilities and inevitable side effects. In-depth studies on the regulatory mechanism of critical protein degradation regulators, including E3 ubiquitin ligases, deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs), and chaperones, are expected to provide precise clues for developing targeting strategies and reducing side effects. Here, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of protein degradation in regulating drug efflux, drug metabolism, DNA repair, drug target alteration, downstream bypass signaling, sustaining of stemness, and tumor microenvironment remodeling to delineate the functional roles of protein degradation in drug resistance. We also highlight specific E3 ligases, DUBs, and chaperones, discussing possible strategies modulating protein degradation to target cancer drug resistance. A systematic summary of the molecular basis by which protein degradation regulates tumor drug resistance will help facilitate the development of appropriate clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ming
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Tingyuan Lang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China. .,Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Zhang L, Tang L, Jiang Y, Wang C, Huang L, Ding T, Zhang T, Li H, Xie L. GE11-antigen-loaded hepatitis B virus core antigen virus-like particles efficiently bind to TNBC tumor. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1110751. [PMID: 37020877 PMCID: PMC10067716 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the possibility of utilizing hepatitis B core protein (HBc) virus-like particles (VLPs) encapsulate doxorubicin (Dox) to reduce the adverse effect caused by its off-target and toxic side effect. Methods Here, a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumor-targeting GE11-HBc VLP was constructed through genetic engineering. The GE11 peptide, a 12-amino-acid peptide targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), was inserted into the surface protein loops of VLPs. The Dox was loaded into HBc VLPs by a thermal-triggered encapsulation strategy. The in vitro release, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake of TNBC tumor-targeting GE11-HBc VLPs was then evaluated. Results These VLPs possessed excellent stability, DOX loading efficiency, and preferentially released drug payload at high GSH levels. The insertion of GE11 targeting peptide caused improved cellular uptake and enhanced cell viability inhibitory in EGFR high-expressed TNBC cells. Conclusion Together, these results highlight DOX-loaded, EGFR-targeted VLPs as a potentially useful therapeutic choice for EGFR-overexpressing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongsheng Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenou Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijiang Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tinghong Zhang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tinghong Zhang, ; Huaqiong Li, ; Longteng Xie,
| | - Huaqiong Li
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tinghong Zhang, ; Huaqiong Li, ; Longteng Xie,
| | - Longteng Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tinghong Zhang, ; Huaqiong Li, ; Longteng Xie,
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Begimbetova D, Kukanova A, Fazyl F, Manekenova K, Omarov T, Burska AN, Khamijan M, Gulyayev A, Yermekbayeva B, Makishev A, Saliev T, Batyrbekov K, Aitbayev C, Spatayev Z, Sarbassov D. The Oxidative Drug Combination for Suppressing KRAS G12D Inducible Tumour Growth. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1-14. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1155/2022/9426623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Background. Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) protein is an essential contributor to the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). KRAS G12D and G12V mutant tumours are significant challenges in cancer therapy due to high resistance to the treatment. Objective. To determine how effective is the ATO/D-VC combination in suppression of PDAC the mouse transgenic model. This study investigated the antitumour effect of a novel combination of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and D-ascorbic acid isomer (D-VC). Such a combination can be used to treat KRAS mutant cancer by inducing catastrophic oxidative stress. Methods. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of ATO and D-VC on xenograft models—AK192 cells transplanted into mice. Previously, it has been shown that a high concentration of Vitamin C (VC) selectively can kill the cells expressing KRAS. Results. The results of this study demonstrated that the combination of VC with a low dose of the oxidizing drug ATO led to the enhancement of the therapeutic effect. These findings suggest that the combined treatment using ATO and D-VC is a promising approach to overcome the limitation of drug selectivity and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Assiya Kukanova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Oncology, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Fatima Fazyl
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kenzhekyz Manekenova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Talgat Omarov
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Agata N. Burska
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Medina Khamijan
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandr Gulyayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Abay Makishev
- Department of Oncology, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Timur Saliev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | - Dos Sarbassov
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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6
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Begimbetova D, Kukanova A, Fazyl F, Manekenova K, Omarov T, Burska AN, Khamijan M, Gulyayev A, Yermekbayeva B, Makishev A, Saliev T, Batyrbekov K, Aitbayev C, Spatayev Z, Sarbassov D. The Oxidative Drug Combination for Suppressing KRAS G12D Inducible Tumour Growth. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1-14. [DOI: doi10.1155/2022/9426623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Background. Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) protein is an essential contributor to the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). KRAS G12D and G12V mutant tumours are significant challenges in cancer therapy due to high resistance to the treatment. Objective. To determine how effective is the ATO/D-VC combination in suppression of PDAC the mouse transgenic model. This study investigated the antitumour effect of a novel combination of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and D-ascorbic acid isomer (D-VC). Such a combination can be used to treat KRAS mutant cancer by inducing catastrophic oxidative stress. Methods. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of ATO and D-VC on xenograft models—AK192 cells transplanted into mice. Previously, it has been shown that a high concentration of Vitamin C (VC) selectively can kill the cells expressing KRAS. Results. The results of this study demonstrated that the combination of VC with a low dose of the oxidizing drug ATO led to the enhancement of the therapeutic effect. These findings suggest that the combined treatment using ATO and D-VC is a promising approach to overcome the limitation of drug selectivity and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Assiya Kukanova
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Oncology, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Fatima Fazyl
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kenzhekyz Manekenova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Talgat Omarov
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Agata N. Burska
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Medina Khamijan
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandr Gulyayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Abay Makishev
- Department of Oncology, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Timur Saliev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | | | - Dos Sarbassov
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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7
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The Oxidative Drug Combination for Suppressing KRAS G12D Inducible Tumour Growth. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9426623. [PMID: 36619305 PMCID: PMC9822755 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9426623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) protein is an essential contributor to the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). KRAS G12D and G12V mutant tumours are significant challenges in cancer therapy due to high resistance to the treatment. Objective To determine how effective is the ATO/D-VC combination in suppression of PDAC the mouse transgenic model. This study investigated the antitumour effect of a novel combination of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and D-ascorbic acid isomer (D-VC). Such a combination can be used to treat KRAS mutant cancer by inducing catastrophic oxidative stress. Methods In this study, we examined the effectiveness of ATO and D-VC on xenograft models-AK192 cells transplanted into mice. Previously, it has been shown that a high concentration of Vitamin C (VC) selectively can kill the cells expressing KRAS. Results The results of this study demonstrated that the combination of VC with a low dose of the oxidizing drug ATO led to the enhancement of the therapeutic effect. These findings suggest that the combined treatment using ATO and D-VC is a promising approach to overcome the limitation of drug selectivity and efficacy.
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