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Zeng Q, He J, Chen X, Yuan Q, Yin L, Liang Y, Zu X, Shen Y. Recent advances in hematopoietic cell kinase in cancer progression: Mechanisms and inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116932. [PMID: 38870631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the Src kinase family, is intricately linked to the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases, with a particularly pronounced association with cancer. Hck not only directly impacts the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of cancer cells but also interacts with JAK/STAT, MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, CXCL12/CXCR4, and other pathways. Hck also influences the tumor microenvironment to facilitate the onset and progression of cancer. This paper delves into the functional role and regulatory mechanisms of Hck in various solid tumors. Additionally, it explores the implications of Hck in hematological malignancies. The review culminates with a summary of the current research status of Hck inhibitors, the majority of which are in the pre-clinical phase of investigation. Notably, these inhibitors are predominantly utilized in the therapeutic management of leukemia, with their combinatorial potential indicating promising avenues for future research. In conclusion, this review underscores the significance of the mechanism of Hck in solid tumors. This insight is crucial for comprehending the current research trends regarding Hck: targeted therapy against Hck shows great promise in both diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. Further investigation into the role of Hck in cancer, coupled with the development of specific inhibitors, has the potential to revolutionize approaches to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiting Zeng
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hunan Province Clinical Research Center for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of High-incidence Sexually Transmitted Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Xiguang Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qiong Yuan
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hunan Province Clinical Research Center for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of High-incidence Sexually Transmitted Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Liyang Yin
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuxin Liang
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hunan Province Clinical Research Center for Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of High-incidence Sexually Transmitted Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Yingying Shen
- Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Carvalho MFL, de Almeida BO, Bueno MLP, Vicari HP, Lima K, Rego EM, Roversi FM, Machado-Neto JA. Comprehensive analysis of the HCK gene in myeloid neoplasms: Insights into biological functions, prognosis, and response to antineoplastic agents. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2024; 46:273-282. [PMID: 38326180 PMCID: PMC11221266 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloid neoplasms result from molecular alterations in hematopoietic stem cells, with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) being one of the most aggressive and with a poor prognosis. Hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) is a proto-oncogene that encodes a protein-tyrosine kinase of the Scr family, and it is highly expressed in AML. The present study investigated HCK expression in normal hematopoietic cells across myeloid differentiation stages and myeloid neoplasm patients. Within the AML cohort, we explored the impact of HCK expression on clinical outcomes and its correlation with clinical, genetic, and laboratory characteristics. Furthermore, we evaluated the association between HCK expression and the response to antineoplastic agents using ex vivo assay data from AML patients. HCK expression is higher in differentiated subpopulations of myeloid cells. High HCK expression was observed in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, and AML. In patients with AML, high levels of HCK negatively impacted overall and disease-free survival. High HCK expression was also associated with worse molecular risk groups and white blood cell count; however, it was not an independent prognostic factor. In functional genomic analyses, high HCK expression was associated with several biological and molecular processes relevant to leukemogenesis. HCK expression was also associated with sensitivity and resistance to several drugs currently used in the clinic. In conclusion, our analysis confirmed the differential expression of HCK in myeloid neoplasms and its potential association with unfavorable molecular risks in AML. We also provide new insights into HCK biological functions, prognosis, and response to antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maura Lima Pereira Bueno
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas, Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Passos Vicari
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), SP, Brazil
| | - Keli Lima
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Magalhães Rego
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-Immuno-Hematology (LIM-31), Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Marconi Roversi
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas, Hemocentro-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Surgery Division Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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