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Liu Y, Hock JM, Van Beneden RJ, Li X. Aberrant overexpression of FOXM1 transcription factor plays a critical role in lung carcinogenesis induced by low doses of arsenic. Mol Carcinog 2012; 53:380-91. [PMID: 23255470 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Environmental or occupational exposure to low doses of arsenic induces a series of health problems including cancer. The molecular events in arsenic-induced carcinogenicity remain to be defined. In the NuLi-1 immortalized human lung epithelial cell line with p53 and pRb deficiency, exposure to low doses of arsenic trioxide for 72 h promoted cell proliferation and upregulated the gene transcription levels of FOXM1, CDC6, CDC25A, and cyclin D1, which are both critical cell cycle regulatory genes and proto-oncogenes. Continuous in vitro exposure to 1 µM arsenic trioxide for 34 wks induced malignant cell transformation, as evidenced by enhanced anchorage-independent cell growth. The expression of FOXM1, CDC6, CDC25A, and Cyclin D1 was dynamically elevated at the gene transcription and protein levels in the process of cell transformation. The carcinogenic ability of transformed cell colonies coincides with the expression levels of FOXM1 in in vitro anchorage-independent growth assays and in vivo tumor xenograft formation assays. In reverse, the knockdown of FOXM1 in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells or arsenic-transformed NuLi-1 cells significantly decreased anchorage-independent cell growth and tumor xenograft formation. The transformed NuLi-1 cells showed genomic instability in the form of copy number variation (CNV) at chromosome 1, 5, 6, 18, and 20, but not loss of heterozygosity (LOH). These results showed for the first time that chronic exposure to low doses of arsenic trioxide promoted lung carcinogenicity, in part by aberrantly upregulating FOXM1 and its associated oncogenes, when the tumor suppressor genes p53 and pRb were inactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhong Liu
- Maine Institute for Human Genetics and Health, EMHS, Brewer, Maine; Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer: common pathogenesis, shared clinical challenges. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2012; 9:74-9. [PMID: 22550249 DOI: 10.1513/pats.201107-039ms] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental inhaled noxious particles have been known to play a role in several lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer, the deadliest malignancy in the world in both sexes. Of the known noxious agents, tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide and is a recognized risk for the development of both diseases. The association between COPD and lung cancer has been demonstrated in population-based studies, lung cancer screening programs, epidemiological surveys, and case control and biological mechanistic studies. There is evidence that cumulative smoking history is associated with the risk of developing lung cancer and COPD; however, the majority of smokers do not develop clinical COPD or lung cancer. This suggests the presence of one or several factors that modulate the responses to the offending agents and define the final risk for disease development. The 54th Aspen Lung Conference was convened to provide a forum for a systematic dissection of the potential mechanisms by which persons exposed to the causative agents are able to handle and control the process or, in the case of dysfunctional response, the mechanisms that take off in different directions and result in injury and disease. This summary reviews the themes presented and attempts to integrate them for those clinicians and researchers interested in these topics. The challenges and future directions emanating from the discussions may help frame future conferences and hopefully inspire the interest of young researchers.
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Younis RH, Cao W, Lin R, Xia R, Liu Z, Edelman MJ, Mei Y, Mao L, Ren H. CDC25A(Q110del): a novel cell division cycle 25A isoform aberrantly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46464. [PMID: 23071577 PMCID: PMC3465328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung cancer remains number one cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Cell cycle deregulation plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). CDC25A represents a critical cell cycle regulator that enhances cell cycle progression. In this study we aimed to investigate the role of a novel CDC25A transcriptional variant, CDC25A(Q110del), on the regulation of the CDC25A protein, and its impact on prognosis of NSCLC patients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we report a novel CDC25A transcript variant with codon 110 (Glutamine) deletion, that we termed CDC25A(Q110del) in NSCLC cells. In 9 (75%) of the 12 NSCLC cell lines, CDC25A(Q110del) expression accounted for more than 20% of the CDC25A transcripts. Biological effects of CDC25A(Q110del) were investigated in H1299 and HEK-293F cells using UV radiation, flowcytometry, cyclohexamide treatment, and confocal microscopy. Compared to CDC25A(wt), CDC25A(Q110del) protein had longer half-life; cells expressing CDC25A(Q110del) were more resistant to UV irradiation and showed more mitotic activity. Taqman-PCR was used to quantify CDC25A(Q110del) expression levels in 88 primary NSCLC tumor/normal tissue pairs. In patients with NSCLC, Kaplan Meier curves showed tumors expressing higher levels of CDC25A(Q110del) relative to the adjacent lung tissues to have significantly inferior overall survival (P = .0018). SIGNIFICANCE Here we identified CDC25A(Q110del) as a novel transcriptional variant of CDC25A in NSCLC. The sequence-specific nature of the abnormality could be a prognostic indicator in NSCLC patients as well as a candidate target for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania H. Younis
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiao Tong University School of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruxian Lin
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ronghui Xia
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oral Pathology, 9th People Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martin J. Edelman
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yuping Mei
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Li Mao
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hening Ren
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Maciag AE, Chakrapani H, Saavedra JE, Morris NL, Holland RJ, Kosak KM, Shami PJ, Anderson LM, Keefer LK. The nitric oxide prodrug JS-K is effective against non-small-cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo: involvement of reactive oxygen species. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 336:313-20. [PMID: 20962031 PMCID: PMC3033717 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.174904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer is among the most common and deadly forms of human malignancies. Early detection is unusual, and there are no curative therapies in most cases. Diazeniumdiolate-based nitric oxide (NO)-releasing prodrugs are a growing class of promising NO-based therapeutics. Here, we show that O(2)-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (JS-K) is a potent cytotoxic agent against a subset of human non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines both in vitro and as xenografts in mice. JS-K treatment led to 75% reduction in the growth of H1703 lung adenocarcinoma cells in vivo. Differences in sensitivity to JS-K in different lung cancer cell lines seem to be related to their endogenous levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Other related factors, levels of peroxiredoxin 1 (PRX1) and 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine glycosylase (OGG1), also correlated with drug sensitivity. Treatment of the lung adenocarcinoma cells with JS-K resulted in oxidative/nitrosative stress in cells with high basal levels of ROS/RNS, which, combined with the arylating properties of the compound, was reflected in glutathione depletion and alteration in cellular redox potential, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and cytochrome c release. Inactivation of manganese superoxide dismutase by nitration was associated with increased superoxide and significant DNA damage. Apoptosis followed these events. Taken together, the data suggest that diazeniumdiolate-based NO-releasing prodrugs may have application as a personalized therapy for lung cancers characterized by high levels of ROS/RNS. PRX1 and OGG1 proteins, which can be easily measured, could function as biomarkers for identifying tumors sensitive to the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Maciag
- SAIC-Frederick, Inc, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Saha A, Kuzuhara T, Echigo N, Suganuma M, Fujiki H. New Role of (−)-Epicatechin in Enhancing the Induction of Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Human Lung Cancer Cells by Curcumin. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:953-62. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Saha A, Kuzuhara T, Echigo N, Fujii A, Suganuma M, Fujiki H. Apoptosis of Human Lung Cancer Cells by Curcumin Mediated through Up-Regulation of "Growth Arrest and DNA Damage Inducible Genes 45 and 153". Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1291-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Achinto Saha
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | | | - Noriko Echigo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Atsuko Fujii
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Masami Suganuma
- Research Institute for Clinical Oncology, Saitama Cancer Center
| | - Hirota Fujiki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
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