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Yang D, Lyu C, He K, Pang K, Guo Z, Wu D. Bile Acid Diarrhea: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment in the Era of Precision Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1544. [PMID: 38338820 PMCID: PMC10855108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) is a multifaceted intestinal disorder involving intricate molecular mechanisms, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5). Current diagnostic methods encompass bile acid sequestrants (BAS), 48-h fecal bile acid tests, serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) testing, and 75Selenium HomotauroCholic acid test (75SeHCAT). Treatment primarily involves BAS and FXR agonists. However, due to the limited sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic methods, as well as suboptimal treatment efficacy and the presence of side effects, there is an urgent need to establish new diagnostic and treatment methods. While prior literature has summarized various diagnostic and treatment methods and the pathogenesis of BAD, no previous work has linked the two. This review offers a molecular perspective on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of BAD, with a focus on FXR, FGFR4, and TGR5, emphasizing the potential for identifying additional molecular mechanisms as treatment targets and bridging the gap between diagnostic and treatment methods and molecular mechanisms for a novel approach to the clinical management of BAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyu Yang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (D.Y.); (K.P.); (Z.G.)
| | - Chengzhen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (C.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Kun He
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (C.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Ke Pang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (D.Y.); (K.P.); (Z.G.)
| | - Ziqi Guo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (D.Y.); (K.P.); (Z.G.)
| | - Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (C.L.); (K.H.)
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Beton-Mysur K, Brożek-Płuska B. A new modality for cholesterol impact tracking in colon cancer development - Raman imaging, fluorescence and AFM studies combined with chemometric analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5199-5217. [PMID: 37781815 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01040f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, high consumption of red or processed meat and a diet with low fibre, fruit, and vegetable intake increase CRC risk. Despite advances in surgery (the basic treatment for recovery), chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, CRC remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Therefore the social importance of this problem stimulates research aimed at developing new tools for rapid CRC diagnosis and analysis of CRC risk factors. Considering the association between the cholesterol level and CRC, we hypothesize that cholesterol spectroscopic and AFM (atomic force microscopy) studies combined with chemometric analysis can be new, powerful tools used to visualize the cholesterol distribution, estimate cholesterol content and determine its influence on the biochemical and nanomechanical properties of colon cells. Our paper presents the analysis of human colon tissues: normal and cancer and human colon single cells normal CCD18-Co and cancer CaCo-2 in the physiological state and CaCo-2 upon mevastatin supplementation. Based on vibrational features we have shown that Raman spectroscopy and imaging allow cholesterol content in human colon tissues and human colon single cells of both types to be tracked and allow the effectiveness of mevastatin in the mevalonate pathway modulation and disruption of the cholesterol level to be proven. All observations have been confirmed by chemometric analysis including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA). The positive impact of statins on cholesterol content has also been studied by using fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A significant increase in Young modulus as a mechanomarker for CaCo-2 human cancer colon cells upon mevastatin supplementation compared to CCD18-Co human normal colon cells was observed. This paper is one of the first reports about the use of Raman spectroscopic techniques in cholesterol investigations and the first one about cholesterol investigation using Raman spectroscopy (RS) on human cells ex vivo in the context of colon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Beton-Mysur
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
| | - B Brożek-Płuska
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
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3
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Geng W, Qin X, Yang P, Wang J, Yu J, Wang X. Association of gallbladder diseases with risk of gastrointestinal polyps. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:476. [PMID: 36411404 PMCID: PMC9677685 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has not yet been determined whether gastroscopy and colonoscopy screening help patients with gallbladder diseases. We aim to retrospectively investigate the relationship between gallbladder diseases and gastrointestinal polyps in order to provide a theoretical basis for the early screening of gastrointestinal polyps in patients with gallbladder disease. METHODS This is a retrospective cross-sectional study involving 1662 patients who underwent gastroscopy, colonoscopy, and abdominal ultrasound as part of their health check-up from January 2015 to July 2020. We also compared the patients with and without gallbladder diseases to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal polyps. RESULTS Patients with gallbladder polyps had greater odds of having colorectal polyps (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.77, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.23 to 2.54, p=0.002) and gastric plus colorectal polyps (adjusted OR=2.94, 95%Cl: 1.62 to 5.32, p<0.001) than those without. Patients with multiple gallbladder polyps had greater odds of having colorectal polyps (adjusted OR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.33 to 4.07, p=0.003) and gastric plus colorectal polyps (adjusted OR=3.95, 95% CI: 1.72 to 9.11, p=0.001), and patients with gallbladder polyps had greater odds of having left-colon polyps (adjusted OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.25 to 2.88, p=0.003) and colorectal adenoma (adjusted OR=1.78, 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.66, p=0.005). We also noted that women with gallbladder polyps had a higher prevalence of colorectal polyps (OR=2.13, 95% CI: 1.20 to 3.77, p=0.010) and gastric plus colorectal polyps (OR=3.69, 95% CI: 1.58 to 8.62, p=0.003). However, no positive correlation was observed between gallbladder stones and gastrointestinal polyps. CONCLUSIONS Gallbladder polyps are significant indicators of colorectal and gastric plus colorectal polyps. Hence, gastroscopy and colonoscopy screening should be performed for patients with gallbladder polyps, particularly female patients and those with multiple gallbladder polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Geng
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, Tianning District, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213000 China ,grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Graduate school, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section of Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116000 Liaoning Province China
| | - Xiangrong Qin
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, Tianning District, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213000 China
| | - Peng Yang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, Tianning District, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213000 China ,grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Graduate school, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section of Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116000 Liaoning Province China
| | - Junmei Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, Tianning District, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213000 China ,grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Graduate school, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section of Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116000 Liaoning Province China
| | - Jing Yu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, Tianning District, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213000 China ,grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426Graduate school, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section of Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian, 116000 Liaoning Province China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, Tianning District, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213000 China
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Balesaria S, Pattni SS, Johnston IM, Nolan JD, Appleby RN, Walters JRF. Common Genetic Variants in the Bile Acid Synthesis Enzyme CYP7A1 Are Associated With Severe Primary Bile Acid Diarrhea. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:517-519.e2. [PMID: 35526572 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Balesaria
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjeev S Pattni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Johnston
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan D Nolan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard N Appleby
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julian R F Walters
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Division of Digestive Diseases, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Johnstone MS, Lynch G, Park J, McSorley S, Edwards J. Novel Methods of Risk Stratifying Patients for Metachronous, Pre-Malignant Colorectal Polyps: A Systematic Review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 164:103421. [PMID: 34246774 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite conventional measures of future polyp risk (histology, dysplasia, size, number), surveillance places a burden on patients and colonoscopy services. We aimed to review novel risk stratification techniques. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed for studies using genomics, transcriptomics, IHC or microbiome as markers of metachronous polyp risk. RESULTS 4165 papers underwent title, 303 abstract and 215 full paper review. 25 papers were included. 49 mutations/ SNPs/ haplotypes in 23 genes/ chromosomal regions (KRAS, APC, EGFR, COX1/2, IL23R, DRD2, CYP2C9/24A1/7A1, UGT1A6, ODC, ALOX12/15, PGDH, SRC, IGSF5, KCNS3, EPHB1/ KY, FAM188b, 3p24.1, 9q33.2, 13q33.2) correlated with metachronous adenoma / advanced adenoma risk. Expression levels of 6 proteins correlated with metachronous adenoma (p53, β-catenin, COX2, Adnab-9, ALDH1A1) or sessile serrated polyp (ANXA10) risk. CONCLUSION Although genomic and IHC markers correlated with metachronous polyp risk, it seems likely that a panel of novel markers will be required to refine this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Johnstone
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Gerard Lynch
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James Park
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen McSorley
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Xue H, Fang S, Zheng M, Wu J, Li H, Zhang M, Li Y, Wang T, Shi R, Ma Y. Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi decoction protects against3, 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydroxychollidine-induced chronic cholestasis by upregulating bile acid metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113706. [PMID: 33346024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chronic cholestasis is a usual clinical pathological process in hepatopathy and has few treatment options; it is classified under the category of jaundice in Chinese medicine. Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi decoction (DHXSD) is a classic Chinese prescription which is used to treat jaundice. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to examine the protective effect of DHXSD on liver and its potential mechanism of action against chronic cholestasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chronic cholestasis was induced using 3, 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydroxychollidine (DDC) in mice. Mice were then administered DHXSD intragastrically at doses of 3.68, 7.35, and 14.70 g/kg for four weeks followed by further analyses. Serum biochemical indices and liver pathology were explored. Eighteen individual bile acids (BAs) in mice serum and liver were quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The expression of BA related metabolic enzymes, transporters, along with nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was detected by real-time qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS DHXSD treatment reduced the serum biochemical indices, ameliorated pathological injury, and improved the disordered BA homeostasis. Mice treated with DHXSD showed significantly upregulated expression of the metabolic enzymes, cytochrome P450 2b10 (Cyp2b10), Cyp3a11, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1a1 (Ugt1a1); and the bile acid transporters, multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mdr2), bile salt export pump (Bsep), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (Mrp3). DHXSD treatment also significantly upregulated FXR expression in mice with DDC-induced chronic cholestasis. CONCLUSIONS DHXSD exerted protective effects on chronic cholestasis in DDC-treated mice by alleviating the disordered homeostasis of BAs through increased expression of BA related metabolic enzymes and efflux transporters.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/metabolism
- Angiogenic Proteins/genetics
- Angiogenic Proteins/metabolism
- Animals
- Bile Acids and Salts/analysis
- Bile Acids and Salts/chemistry
- Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/drug therapy
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/pathology
- Cholestasis/chemically induced
- Cholestasis/drug therapy
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Chronic Disease/drug therapy
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Enzymes/genetics
- Enzymes/metabolism
- Ethnopharmacology
- Homeostasis/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Protective Agents/pharmacology
- Protective Agents/therapeutic use
- Pyridines/toxicity
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Su Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Mengdie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Tianming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yueming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Zhao J, Tian Y, Yao J, Gu H, Zhang R, Wang H, Liao L, Dong J. Hypercholesterolemia Is an Associated Factor for Risk of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Chinese Population. Front Oncol 2021; 10:508126. [PMID: 33585179 PMCID: PMC7876371 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.508126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperlipidemia has been hypothesized as a risk factor for thyroid cancer. However, the association between hypercholesterolemia and thyroid cancer is unclear, especially in Chinese population without available published data. We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in Chinese population. Methods Three thousand seven hundred forty-eight patients were enrolled in the study, including 2,021 DTC patients and 1,727 benign subjects with benign thyroid nodules. Demographic characteristics, medical history, and clinical hematological examination were collected. Stratified analyses of association between hypercholesterolemia and risk of DTC were done. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between hypercholesterolemia and the risk of thyroid nodules being malignant. This study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital and assigned in ClinicalTrials.gov protocol registration and results system (NCT03006289, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03006289). Results The level of serum total cholesterol in patients with DTC is higher than that in benign subjects (P < 0.001). After adjusting hypercholesterolemia, age (P < 0.001), triglyceride (P = 0.003), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (P < 0.001) are found to be confounding factors. The risk of DTC in patients younger than 45 years old is 2.08 times than that of patients older than 45 years old (odds ratio = 0.48, 95% CI (0.38, 0.61), P < 0.001). A high TSH level is highly associated with the increased risk of DTC (P < 0.001). The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the absence of hypercholesterolemia could reduce the risk of thyroid nodules being malignant (odds ratio = −0.75, 95% CI (−1.39, −0.12), P = 0.02). Comparing to the higher level of serum total cholesterol (>5.7 mmol/L), the closer the serum total cholesterol level is to normal (3.17–5.7 mmol/L), the less the risk of thyroid nodules being malignant is, and this difference is statistically significant (odds ratio = −0.67, 95% CI (−1.31, −0.03), P = 0.040). However, this difference is not found in the group of patients with lower level of total cholesterol (<3.17 mmol/L, odds ratio = 0.43, 95% CI (−1.22, 2.09), P = 0.068), suggesting that hypocholesterolemia is not a protective factor in the risk of thyroid nodules being malignant. Conclusions Hypercholesterolemia is an associated factor for risk of DTC in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yutian Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - He Gu
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huanjun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Iwanicki T, Balcerzyk A, Niemiec P, Trautsolt W, Grzeszczak W, Ochalska-Tyka A, Krauze J, Nowak T, Żak I. The relationship between CYP7A1 polymorphisms, coronary artery disease & serum lipid markers. Biomark Med 2019; 13:1199-1208. [PMID: 31578885 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphic variants of the CYP7A1 gene can increase the risk of atherosclerosis-based coronary artery disease (CAD) and modify serum lipid markers. Method: We studied haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms of CYP7A1 in the Caucasian population and if they are associated with CAD, its symptoms, and any of its risk factors. Results: We did not find the genetic variants of CYP7A1 to be associated with an increased risk of CAD. However, we did find that the common rs3808607 variant is associated with modified concentrations of serum total cholesterol and LDL. We also found that the C allele and the CC genotype of the rs11786580 are more frequent in patients with myocardial infarction. This association was especially strong after the group differentiation by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Iwanicki
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow Street 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Balcerzyk
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow Street 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Niemiec
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow Street 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Wanda Trautsolt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes & Nephrology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 3 Maja Street 13-18, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Władysław Grzeszczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes & Nephrology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 3 Maja Street 13-18, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Ochalska-Tyka
- Regional Centre of Blood Donation & Blood Treatment in Raciborz, Sienkiewicza Street 3, 47-400 Raciborz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Krauze
- 1st Department of Cardiac Surgery in Upper Silesian Center of Cardiology in Katowice, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ziolowa Street 47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow Street 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Żak
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow Street 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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9
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Kovač U, Skubic C, Bohinc L, Rozman D, Režen T. Oxysterols and Gastrointestinal Cancers Around the Clock. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:483. [PMID: 31379749 PMCID: PMC6653998 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of oxidized sterols in three major gastrointestinal cancers (hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic, and colon cancer) and how the circadian clock affects the carcinogenesis by regulating the lipid metabolism and beyond. While each field of research (cancer, oxysterols, and circadian clock) is well-studied within their specialty, little is known about the intertwining mechanisms and how these influence the disease etiology in each cancer type. Oxysterols are involved in pathology of these cancers, but final conclusions about their protective or damaging effects are elusive, since the effect depends on the type of oxysterol, concentration, and the cell type. Oxysterol concentrations, the expression of key regulators liver X receptors (LXR), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and oxysterol-binding proteins (OSBP) family are modulated in tumors and plasma of cancer patients, exposing these proteins and selected oxysterols as new potential biomarkers and drug targets. Evidence about how cholesterol/oxysterol pathways are intertwined with circadian clock is building. Identified key contact points are different forms of retinoic acid receptor related orphan receptors (ROR) and LXRs. RORs and LXRs are both regulated by sterols/oxysterols and the circadian clock and in return also regulate the same pathways, representing a complex interplay between sterol metabolism and the clock. With this in mind, in addition to classical therapies to modulate cholesterol in gastrointestinal cancers, such as the statin therapy, the time is ripe also for therapies where time and duration of the drug application is taken as an important factor for successful therapies. The final goal is the personalized approach with chronotherapy for disease management and treatment in order to increase the positive drug effects.
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Holy P, Kloudova A, Soucek P. Importance of genetic background of oxysterol signaling in cancer. Biochimie 2018; 153:109-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Liu DM, Guo J, Zeng XA, Sun DW, Brennan CS, Zhou QX, Zhou JS. The probiotic role ofLactobacillus plantarumin reducing risks associated with cardiovascular disease. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Jun Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- Food Refrigeration & Computerized Food Technology; University College Dublin; National University of Ireland; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Charles S. Brennan
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation; Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences; Lincoln University; Lincoln 85084 New Zealand
| | - Quan-Xing Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Jin-Song Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
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Jacobs ET, Haussler MR, Alberts DS, Kohler LN, Lance P, Martínez ME, Roe DJ, Jurutka PW. Association between Circulating Vitamin D Metabolites and Fecal Bile Acid Concentrations. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:589-97. [PMID: 27138789 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although hydrophobic bile acids have been demonstrated to exhibit cytotoxic and carcinogenic effects in the colorectum, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been investigated as a potential chemopreventive agent. Vitamin D has been shown to play a role in both bile acid metabolism and in the development of colorectal neoplasia. Using a cross-sectional design, we sought to determine whether baseline circulating concentrations of the vitamin D metabolites 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D were associated with baseline fecal bile acid concentrations in a trial of UDCA for the prevention of colorectal adenoma recurrence. We also prospectively evaluated whether vitamin D metabolite concentrations modified the effect of UDCA on adenoma recurrence. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, and calcium intake, adequate concentrations of 25(OH)D (≥30 ng/mL) were statistically significantly associated with reduced odds for high levels of total [OR, 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.38-0.97], and primary (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38-0.96) bile acids, as well as individually with chenodeoxycholic acid (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.24-0.63) and cholic acid (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36-0.90). No significant associations were observed for 1,25(OH)2D and high versus low fecal bile acid concentrations. In addition, neither 25(OH)D nor 1,25(OH)2D modified the effect of UDCA on colorectal adenoma recurrence. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate an inverse relationship between circulating levels of 25(OH)D and primary fecal bile acid concentrations. These results support prior data demonstrating that vitamin D plays a key role in bile acid metabolism, and suggest a potential mechanism of action for 25(OH)D in colorectal cancer prevention. Cancer Prev Res; 9(7); 589-97. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Jacobs
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona.
| | - Mark R Haussler
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Lindsay N Kohler
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Peter Lance
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - María Elena Martínez
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Denise J Roe
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Peter W Jurutka
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona. School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
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CYP7A1 gene polymorphism located in the 5' upstream region modifies the risk of coronary artery disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:185969. [PMID: 25944972 PMCID: PMC4402502 DOI: 10.1155/2015/185969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background. 7-Alpha cholesterol hydroxylase (CYP7A1), the first enzyme of classic conversion pathway leading from cholesterol to bile acids synthesis, is encoded by CYP7A1 gene. Its single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influence serum lipid levels and may be related to impaired lipid profile leading to coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the present study was to analyze the possible association between the rs7833904 CYP7A1 polymorphism and premature CAD. Material and Methods. Serum lipid levels and rs7833904 SNP were determined in 419 subjects: 200 patients with premature CAD and 219 age and sex matched controls. Results. The A allele carrier state was associated with CAD (OR = 1.76, 95% CI; 1.14–2.71, P = 0.014). The effect was even stronger in the male subgroups (OR = 2.16, 95% CI; 1.28–3.65, P = 0.003). There was no effect in the females. Risk factors of CAD and clinical phenotype of atherosclerosis were not associated with genotype variants of the rs7833904 SNP. Lipid profiles also did not differ significantly between individual genotypes. Conclusion. The CYP7A1 rs7833904 polymorphism may modify the risk of CAD. This effect is especially strong in male subjects. The studied polymorphism does not significantly influence serum lipid levels, in the present study.
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Anomalies in network bridges involved in bile Acid metabolism predict outcomes of colorectal cancer patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107925. [PMID: 25259881 PMCID: PMC4178056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers prognostic for colorectal cancer (CRC) would be highly desirable in clinical practice. Proteins that regulate bile acid (BA) homeostasis, by linking metabolic sensors and metabolic enzymes, also called bridge proteins, may be reliable prognostic biomarkers for CRC. Based on a devised metric, "bridgeness," we identified bridge proteins involved in the regulation of BA homeostasis and identified their prognostic potentials. The expression patterns of these bridge proteins could distinguish between normal and diseased tissues, suggesting that these proteins are associated with CRC pathogenesis. Using a supervised classification system, we found that these bridge proteins were reproducibly prognostic, with high prognostic ability compared to other known markers.
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Colorectal cancer risk and dyslipidemia: a case-cohort study nested in an Italian multicentre cohort. Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 38:144-51. [PMID: 24636241 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is an established risk factor for many diseases, but its effect on colorectal cancer risk is less clear. We investigated the association of colorectal cancer risk with plasma triglycerides, total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol in four Italian EPIC centers. METHODS We conducted a case-cohort study on participants recruited to four Italian EPIC centers (Turin, Varese, Naples, and Ragusa; 34,148 subjects). A random subcohort of 850 subjects was obtained and 286 colorectal cancer cases were diagnosed. Triglycerides, total and HDL cholesterol were determined in plasma samples obtained at baseline and stored at -196°C; LDL cholesterol was calculated. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for potential confounders, were estimated by Cox regression models using the Prentice method. RESULTS The highest tertiles of total (HR 1.66, 95%CI 1.12-2.45) and LDL cholesterol (HR 1.87, 95%CI 1.27-2.76) were associated with increased colorectal cancer risk compared to lowest tertiles. Risks were greater for men than women, and for postmenopausal than premenopausal women. Highest tertiles of total and LDL cholesterol were also significantly associated with increased risks of colon cancer, distal colon cancer, and rectal cancer, but not proximal colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that high levels of total and LDL cholesterol increase colorectal cancer risk, particularly in men and postmenopausal women. However additional studies are needed to clarify the role of plasma lipids in these cancers, particularly in view of the conflicting findings of previous studies.
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