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Macis D, Briata IM, D’Ecclesiis O, Johansson H, Aristarco V, Buttiron Webber T, Oppezzi M, Gandini S, Bonanni B, DeCensi A. Inflammatory and Metabolic Biomarker Assessment in a Randomized Presurgical Trial of Curcumin and Anthocyanin Supplements in Patients with Colorectal Adenomas. Nutrients 2023; 15:3894. [PMID: 37764678 PMCID: PMC10537228 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer prevention is crucial for public health, given its high mortality rates, particularly in young adults. The early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions is key to preventing carcinogenesis progression. Natural compounds like curcumin and anthocyanins show promise in impeding adenomatous polyp progression in preclinical models. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II presurgical trial in 35 patients with adenomatous polyps to explore the biological effects of curcumin and anthocyanins on circulating biomarkers of inflammation and metabolism. No significant difference in biomarker changes by treatment arm was observed. However, the network analysis before treatment revealed inverse correlations between adiponectin and BMI and glycemia, as well as direct links between inflammatory biomarkers and leptin and BMI. In addition, a considerable inverse relationship between adiponectin and grade of dysplasia was detected after treatment (corr = -0.45). Finally, a significant increase in IL-6 at the end of treatment in subjects with high-grade dysplasia was also observed (p = 0.02). The combined treatment of anthocyanins and curcumin did not result in the direct modulation of circulating biomarkers of inflammation and metabolism, but revealed a complex modulation of inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers of colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Macis
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (H.J.); (V.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Irene Maria Briata
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (I.M.B.); (T.B.W.)
| | - Oriana D’Ecclesiis
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (O.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Harriet Johansson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (H.J.); (V.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Valentina Aristarco
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (H.J.); (V.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Tania Buttiron Webber
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (I.M.B.); (T.B.W.)
| | - Massimo Oppezzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (O.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (H.J.); (V.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy; (I.M.B.); (T.B.W.)
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Hsu FG, Lai JN, Huang CY, Lin MC, Hsieh YW. Exploring the Relationship Between Colorectal Cancer and Allopurinol: A Taiwanese Population-Based Propensity-Matched Case-Control Study. J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 61:1131-1137. [PMID: 33580545 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of allopurinol usage in colorectal cancer (CRC) has no definite conclusion. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between allopurinol usage and CRC risk in Taiwan. Using the National Health Insurance Database, we conducted a case-control study of cases who were ≥20 years old and had newly diagnosed CRC for the period from 2000 to 2013. The controls were matched to cases by age, sex, index year, comorbidities, and socioeconomic status using propensity scores. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were measured by the conditional logistic regression model. We examined 4372 cases and 4372 matched controls. A statistically significant correlation was noted between allopurinol usage and CRC risk (OR, 0.79; 95%CI, 0.69-0.90). We used the cumulative-defined daily doses (cDDDs) in a further subgroup analysis, the ORs decreased from tertile 1 (T1; low dose, <12 cDDDs), T2 (medium dose, 12 to 88.5 cDDDs), to T3 (high dose, >88.5 cDDDs). These values were 0.85 (95%CI, 0.69-1.06), 0.77 (95%CI, 0.62-0.95), to 0.76 (95%CI, 0.61-0.94). The results indicated a dose-response relationship between allopurinol usage and CRC risk (P for trend < .001). We thus inferred that patients with medium and high doses of allopurinol (≥12 cDDDs) had a statistically significantly decreased CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Gen Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Nien Lai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ya Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Wen Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Joshi G, Sharma M, Kalra S, Gavande NS, Singh S, Kumar R. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation of 3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole carbaldehydes as non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitors: Tracing the anticancer mechanism via xanthine oxidase inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104620. [PMID: 33454509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) has been primarily targeted for the development of anti-hyperuriciemic /anti-gout agents as it catalyzes the conversion of xanthine and hypoxanthine into uric acid. XO overexpression in various cancer is very well correlated due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and metabolic activation of carcinogenic substances during the catalysis. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a series of 3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole carbaldehyde derivatives (2a-2x) as xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs). A docking model was developed for the prediction of XO inhibitory activity of our novel compounds. Furthermore, our compounds anticancer activity results in low XO expression and XO-harboring cancer cells both in 2D and 3D-culture models are presented and discussed. Among the array of synthesized compounds, 2b and 2m emerged as potent XO inhibitors having IC50 values of 9.32 ± 0.45 µM and 10.03 ± 0.43 µM, respectively. Both compounds induced apoptosis, halted the cell cycle progression at the G1 phase, elevated ROS levels, altered mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited antioxidant enzymes. The levels of miRNA and expression of redox sensors in cells were also altered due to increase oxidative stress induced by our compounds. Compounds 2b and 2m hold a great promise for further development of XOIs for the treatment of XO-harboring tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India
| | - Sourav Kalra
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India
| | - Navnath S Gavande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India.
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India.
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Chuang JP, Lee JC, Leu TH, Hidajah AC, Chang YH, Li CY. Association of gout and colorectal cancer in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028892. [PMID: 31601586 PMCID: PMC6797386 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine colorectal cancer (CRC) risks among patients with gout through a follow-up study on a nationwide population-based cohort that included patients with gout and the general population in Taiwan. PARTICIPANT From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 28 061 patients who were newly diagnosed with gout between 2000 and 2010 as the study cohort. We randomly selected 84 248 subjects matching in gender, age and baseline year as comparison cohort. The cohorts were followed up until CRC occurrence, withdrawal from the system of National Health Insurance, or Dec. 31, 2013. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Cumulative incidences and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of CRC between two cohorts were examined. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate risk factors associated with CRC development. RESULTS During the 13-year follow-up, the incidence rate of CRC development in the gout cohort reached 2.44 per 1000 person-years, which was higher than the 2.13 per 1000 person-years in the control cohort (IRR=1.15; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.26). After adjusting for age, gender, urbanisation status and comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia, gout showed no significant association with increased risk of CRC occurrence (adjusted HR=1.03; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.14). CONCLUSIONS Similar risks of CRC incidence were observed in patients with and without gout in Taiwan. Allopurinol and colchicine are commonly used as urate-lowering drug and anti-inflammation medication in Taiwan and had been shown to reduce the risk of CRC incidence. Thus, further pharmaco-epidemiological studies should be carried out to specifically assess the role of allopurinol in the relationship between gout and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Pin Chuang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Puzi Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Chang Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzeng-Horng Leu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Atik Choirul Hidajah
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ya-Hui Chang
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Walker JC, McNaughton A. Does listening to music preoperatively reduce anxiety? An evidence-based practice process for novice researchers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:1250-1254. [PMID: 30457383 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2018.27.21.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses the development of a clinical research question, the execution of a systematic literature search strategy, and the critical appraisal of a selected article. It demonstrates an evidence-based review process used by nurses to critique and evaluate the evidence used to support their work. This review was conducted by a novice researcher under the supervision of his lecturer. Learning to conduct an evidence-based practice review enables health professionals to understand how to systematically review primary research relating to clinical practice. This learning experience identified the many facets of a research study that need to be considered to ascertain the validity of the results, and their relevance and application to clinical practice.
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Petrera M, Paleari L, Clavarezza M, Puntoni M, Caviglia S, Briata IM, Oppezzi M, Mislej EM, Stabuc B, Gnant M, Bachleitner-Hofmann T, Roth W, Scherer D, Haefeli WE, Ulrich CM, DeCensi A. The ASAMET trial: a randomized, phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, 2 × 2 factorial biomarker study of tertiary prevention with low-dose aspirin and metformin in stage I-III colorectal cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1210. [PMID: 30514262 PMCID: PMC6280542 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies and cardiovascular prevention trials have shown that low-dose aspirin can reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality, including inhibition of distant metastases. Metformin has also been associated with decreased colon adenoma recurrence in clinical trials and lower CRC incidence and mortality in epidemiological studies in diabetics. While both drugs have been tested as single agents, their combination has not been tested in cancer prevention trials. Methods/design This is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 2 × 2 biomarker trial of aspirin and metformin to test the activity of either agent alone and the potential synergism of their combination on a set of surrogate biomarkers of colorectal carcinogenesis. After surgery, 160 patients with stage I-III CRC are randomly assigned in a four-arm trial to either aspirin (100 mg day), metformin (850 mg bis in die), their combination, or placebo for one year. The primary endpoint biomarker is the change of IHC expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) in the unaffected mucosa of proximal and distal colon obtained by multiple biopsies in two paired colonoscopies one year apart. Additional biomarkers will include: 1) the measurement of circulating IL-6, CRP and VEGF; 2) the IHC expression of tissue pS6K, p53, beta-catenin, PI3K; 3) the associations of genetic markers with treatment response as assessed by next generation sequencing of primary tumors; 4) the genomic profile of candidate genes, pathways, and overall genomic patterns in tissue biopsies by genome wide gene expression arrays; and 5) the evaluation of adenoma occurrence at 1 year. Discussion A favorable biomarker modulation by aspirin and metformin may provide important clues for a subsequent phase III adjuvant trial aimed at preventing second primary cancer, delaying recurrence and improving prognosis in patients with CRC. Trial registration EudraCT Number: 2015–004824-77; ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT03047837. Registered on February 1, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Petrera
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Paleari
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy.,A.Li.Sa., Public Health Agency, Liguria Region, Italy
| | - Matteo Clavarezza
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Puntoni
- Clinical trial office, Scientific directorate, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Caviglia
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Maria Briata
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Oppezzi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eva Mihajlovic Mislej
- Clinical Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Stabuc
- Clinical Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael Gnant
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center and Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG), Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Bachleitner-Hofmann
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center and Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG), Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominique Scherer
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter-E Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Andrea DeCensi
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy. .,Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Computational exploration of reactive fragment for mechanism-based inhibition of xanthine oxidase. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Kumar R, Joshi G, Kler H, Kalra S, Kaur M, Arya R. Toward an Understanding of Structural Insights of Xanthine and Aldehyde Oxidases: An Overview of their Inhibitors and Role in Various Diseases. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:1073-1125. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda 151001 India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda 151001 India
| | - Harveen Kler
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda 151001 India
| | - Sourav Kalra
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda 151001 India
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda 151001 India
| | - Ramandeep Arya
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences; Central University of Punjab; Bathinda 151001 India
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Slobodnick A, Krasnokutsky S, Lehmann RA, Keenan RT, Quach J, Francois F, Pillinger MH. Decreased colorectal atypia among a cohort of gout patients. Scand J Rheumatol 2017. [PMID: 28649919 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2017.1293728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Slobodnick
- a Section of Rheumatology, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York, USA and Division of Rheumatology, the Crystal Diseases Study Group, New York University School of Medicine , New York , USA
| | - S Krasnokutsky
- a Section of Rheumatology, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York, USA and Division of Rheumatology, the Crystal Diseases Study Group, New York University School of Medicine , New York , USA
| | - R A Lehmann
- a Section of Rheumatology, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York, USA and Division of Rheumatology, the Crystal Diseases Study Group, New York University School of Medicine , New York , USA
| | - R T Keenan
- b Division of Rheumatology , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , North Carolina , USA
| | - J Quach
- c Section of Gastroenterology , VA New York Harbor Health Care System , New York Campus, New York , USA
| | - F Francois
- c Section of Gastroenterology , VA New York Harbor Health Care System , New York Campus, New York , USA
| | - M H Pillinger
- a Section of Rheumatology, VA New York Harbor Health Care System, New York, USA and Division of Rheumatology, the Crystal Diseases Study Group, New York University School of Medicine , New York , USA
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Supplementation with Brazil nuts and green tea extract regulates targeted biomarkers related to colorectal cancer risk in humans. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1901-1911. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSe and green tea have been shown in epidemiological, observational and preclinical studies to be inversely related to the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there are limited studies to evaluate their regulatory effects on genes/proteins that relate to CRC oncogenesis in human subjects, such as selenoproteins, WNT signalling pathway, inflammation and methylation. This study examined the effects of supplementation of Se using Brazil nuts and green tea extract (GTE) capsules, alone and in combination, on targeted biomarkers. In total, thirty-two volunteers (>50 years of age) with plasma Se≤1·36 µmol/l were randomised to one of three treatment groups: nine to Se (approximately 48 µg/d) as six Brazil nuts, eleven to four GTE capsules (800 mg (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate) and twelve to a combination of Brazil nuts and GTE. Blood and rectal biopsies were obtained before and after each intervention. Plasma Se levels, rectal selenoprotein P (SePP) and β-catenin mRNA increased significantly in subjects consuming Brazil nuts alone or in combination, whereas rectal DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) and NF-κB mRNA were reduced significantly in subjects consuming GTE alone or in combination. None of the interventions significantly affected rectal acetylated histone H3 or Ki-67 expression at the protein level or plasma C-reactive protein. Effects of the combination of Brazil nuts and GTE did not differ from what would be expected from either agent alone. In conclusion, supplementation of Brazil nuts and/or GTE regulates targeted biomarkers related to CRC oncogenesis, specifically genes associated with selenoproteins (SePP), WNT signalling (β-catenin), inflammation (NF-κB) and methylation (DNMT1). Their combination does not appear to provide additional effects compared with either agent alone.
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Eisenbacher JL, Schrezenmeier H, Jahrsdörfer B, Kaltenmeier C, Rojewski MT, Yildiz T, Beyer T, Erle A, Wiegmann DS, Grassl S, Hang R, Körper S, Wiesneth M, Lotze MT, Lotfi R. S100A4 and Uric Acid Promote Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Induction of IL-10+/IDO+ Lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:6102-10. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lippman SM. Letter from the Editor. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:179-81. [PMID: 24464731 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Puntoni M, Decensi A. Allopurinol in subjects with colorectal adenoma--response. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:369. [PMID: 23447561 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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de Boer NKH, van Bodegraven AA. Allopurinol in subjects with colorectal adenoma--letter. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:368. [PMID: 23447560 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Brenner DE, Hawk E. Trials and tribulations of interrogating biomarkers to define efficacy of cancer risk reductive interventions. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:71-3. [PMID: 23333813 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The challenges of clinical screening of cancer risk reductive interventions ("chemopreventive") have slowed progress in deployment of therapeutics to reverse or delay the carcinogenesis process. The preoperative or window-of-opportunity design clinical trial design enrolls subjects rapidly, has short study periods, and quantifies tissue biomarkers that reflect both anti-carcinogenesis mechanism of the risk reductive intervention and key molecular events of the carcinogenesis process for a specific epithelial target. High subject screened to on study ratios reduce the efficiency and increase cost of this research strategy. Small-sized tissue samples obtained by minimally invasive endoscopic technologies limit the number of biomarkers that can be detected and quantified, forcing investigators into choosing either a broad-based but superficial multi-mechanism exploration of signaling intermediates or a more focused analysis of multiple molecular events in a linear signaling-specific pathway. More efficient strategies of the future might involve isolation and expansion of pluripotent cells from at-risk epithelium or intraepithelial neoplastic lesions. Such a strategy would allow interrogation of key carcinogenesis-associated pathways and mechanisms in representative primary single-cell cultures amenable to genomic, proteomics, or transfection-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean E Brenner
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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