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Dwyer-Nield LD, McArthur DG, Hudish TM, Hudish LI, Mirita C, Sompel K, Smith AJ, Alavi K, Ghosh M, Merrick DT, Tennis MA, Keith RL. PPARgamma agonism inhibits progression of premalignant lesions in a murine lung squamous cell carcinoma model. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:2195-2205. [PMID: 35830207 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The N-nitroso-trischloroethylurea (NTCU)-induced mouse model of squamous lung carcinoma recapitulates human disease from premalignant dysplasia through invasive tumors, making it suitable for preclinical chemoprevention drug testing. Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist shown to prevent lung tumors in preclinical models. We investigated pioglitazone's effect on lesion development and markers of potential preventive mechanisms in the NTCU model. Female FVB/N mice were exposed to vehicle, NTCU or NTCU + oral pioglitazone for 32 weeks. NTCU induces the appearance of basal cells in murine airways while decreasing/changing their epithelial cell makeup, resulting in development of bronchial dysplasia. H&E and keratin 5 (KRT5) staining were used to detect and grade squamous lesions in formalin fixed lungs. mRNA expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and basal cell markers were measured by qPCR. Dysplasia persistence markers desmoglein 3 and polo like kinase 1 were measured by immunohistochemistry. Basal cell markers KRT14 and p63, club cell specific protein and ciliated cell marker acetylated tubulin were measured by immunofluorescence. Pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced squamous lesions and the presence of airway basal cells, along with increasing normal epithelial cells in the airways of NTCU-exposed mice. Pioglitazone also significantly influenced EMT gene expression to promote a more epithelial, and less mesenchymal, phenotype. Pioglitazone reduced the presence of squamous dysplasia and maintained normal airway cell composition. This work increases the knowledge of mechanistic pathways in PPARγ agonism for lung cancer interception and provides a basis for further investigation to advance this chemoprevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori D Dwyer-Nield
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Tyler M Hudish
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura I Hudish
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Carol Mirita
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kayla Sompel
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alex J Smith
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kiana Alavi
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Moumita Ghosh
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel T Merrick
- Division of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Meredith A Tennis
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert L Keith
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Sunaga N, Miura Y, Kasahara N, Sakurai R. Targeting Oncogenic KRAS in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235956. [PMID: 34885068 PMCID: PMC8656763 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) is the most common driver in NSCLC, and targeting oncogenic KRAS is a major challenge in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While several covalent KRAS G12C inhibitors have emerged as a novel anti-KRAS therapy, the development of combined therapies involving the targeting of oncogenic KRAS plus other targeted drugs is still required given the vast heterogeneity of KRAS-mutated tumors. In this review, we summarize the biological and immunological characteristics of oncogenic KRAS-driven NSCLC and the preclinical and clinical evidence for mutant KRAS-targeted therapies. We also discuss the mechanisms of resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitors and possible therapeutic strategies to overcome this drug resistance. Abstract Recent advances in molecular biology and the resultant identification of driver oncogenes have achieved major progress in precision medicine for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) is the most common driver in NSCLC, and targeting KRAS is considerably important. The recent discovery of covalent KRAS G12C inhibitors offers hope for improving the prognosis of NSCLC patients, but the development of combination therapies corresponding to tumor characteristics is still required given the vast heterogeneity of KRAS-mutated NSCLC. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of KRAS mutations regarding the involvement of malignant transformation and describe the preclinical and clinical evidence for targeting KRAS-mutated NSCLC. We also discuss the mechanisms of resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitors and possible combination treatment strategies to overcome this drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Sunaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-27-220-8000
| | - Yosuke Miura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan;
| | - Norimitsu Kasahara
- Innovative Medical Research Center, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan;
| | - Reiko Sakurai
- Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan;
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Chronic IL-1β-induced inflammation regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition memory phenotypes via epigenetic modifications in non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:377. [PMID: 31941995 PMCID: PMC6962381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation facilitates tumor progression. We discovered that a subset of non-small cell lung cancer cells underwent a gradually progressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) phenotype following a 21-day exposure to IL-1β, an abundant proinflammatory cytokine in the at-risk for lung cancer pulmonary and the lung tumor microenvironments. Pathway analysis of the gene expression profile and in vitro functional studies revealed that the EMT and EMT-associated phenotypes, including enhanced cell invasion, PD-L1 upregulation, and chemoresistance, were sustained in the absence of continuous IL-1β exposure. We referred to this phenomenon as EMT memory. Utilizing a doxycycline-controlled SLUG expression system, we found that high expression of the transcription factor SLUG was indispensable for the establishment of EMT memory. High SLUG expression in tumors of lung cancer patients was associated with poor survival. Chemical or genetic inhibition of SLUG upregulation prevented EMT following the acute IL-1β exposure but did not reverse EMT memory. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and methylation-specific PCR further revealed a SLUG-mediated temporal regulation of epigenetic modifications, including accumulation of H3K27, H3K9, and DNA methylation, in the CDH1 (E-cadherin) promoter following the chronic IL-1β exposure. Chemical inhibition of DNA methylation not only restored E-cadherin expression in EMT memory, but also primed cells for chemotherapy-induced apoptosis.
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Tseng CH. Pioglitazone and lung cancer risk in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2017; 44:77-79. [PMID: 28684163 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C-H Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine of the National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
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Seabloom DE, Galbraith AR, Haynes AM, Antonides JD, Wuertz BR, Miller WA, Miller KA, Steele VE, Suen CS, O'Sullivan MG, Ondrey FG. Safety and Preclinical Efficacy of Aerosol Pioglitazone on Lung Adenoma Prevention in A/J Mice. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 10:124-132. [PMID: 27993834 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pioglitazone is a PPARγ agonist commonly prescribed for the clinical treatment of diabetes. We sought to expand its use to lung cancer prevention in a benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) mouse model with direct lung delivery via inhalation. Initially, we conducted inhalational toxicity experiments with 0, 15, 50, 150, and 450 μg/kg body weight/day pioglitazone in 40 A/J mice. We examined the animals for any physical toxicity and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids for inflammatory and cytotoxicity markers. Doses up to and including 450 μg/kg bw/d failed to demonstrate toxicity with aerosol pioglitazone. For chemoprevention experiments, A/J mice were randomized to treatment groups of inhaled doses of 0, 50, 150, or 450 μg/kg bw/d pioglitazone 1 or 8 weeks after the last dose of B[a]P. For the early treatment group, we found up to 32% decrease in lung adenoma formation with 450 μg/kg bw/d pioglitazone. We repeated the treatments in a second late-stage experiment and found up to 44% decreases in lung adenoma formation in doses of pioglitazone of 150 and 450 μg/kg bw/day. Both the early- and the late-stage experiments demonstrated biologically relevant and statistically significant decreases in adenoma formation. We conclude that aerosol pioglitazone is well-tolerated in the A/J mouse model and a promising chemoprevention agent for the lower respiratory tract. Cancer Prev Res; 10(2); 124-32. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna E Seabloom
- AeroCore Inhalation Testing, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Anna M Haynes
- AeroCore Inhalation Testing, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Beverly R Wuertz
- AeroCore Inhalation Testing, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Wendy A Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kimberly A Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Vernon E Steele
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Chen S Suen
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - M Gerard O'Sullivan
- Comparative Pathology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Frank G Ondrey
- AeroCore Inhalation Testing, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. .,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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