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Rezaei M, Danilova ND, Soltani M, Savvateeva LV, V Tarasov V, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, V Bazhinf A, A Zamyatnin A. Cancer Vaccine in Cold Tumors: Clinical Landscape, Challenges, and Opportunities. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:437-453. [PMID: 35156572 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220214103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The idea of cancer immunotherapy is to stimulate the immune system to fight tumors without destroying normal cells. One of the anticancer therapy methods, among many, is based on the use of cancer vaccines that contain tumor antigens in order to induce immune responses against tumors. However, clinical trials have shown that the use of such vaccines as a monotherapy is ineffective in many cases, since they do not cause a strong immune response. Particular tumors are resistant to immunotherapy due to the absence or insufficient infiltration of tumors with CD8+ T cells, and hence, they are called cold or non-inflamed tumors. Cold tumors are characterized by a lack of CD8+ T cell infiltration, the presence of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells, tumor-associated M2 macrophages, and regulatory T cells. It is very important to understand which stage of the antitumor response does not work properly in order to use the right strategy for the treatment of patients. Applying other therapeutic methods alongside cancer vaccines can be more rational for cold tumors which do not provoke the immune system strongly. Herein, we indicate some combinational therapies that have been used or are in progress for cold tumor treatment alongside vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mozhdeh Soltani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexandr V Bazhinf
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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Tian L, Wang S, Jiang S, Liu Z, Wan X, Yang C, Zhang L, Zheng Z, Wang B, Li L. Luteolin as an adjuvant effectively enhances CTL anti-tumor response in B16F10 mouse model. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107441. [PMID: 33611060 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin, a naturally found dietary flavonoid, has a wide range of beneficial biological effects, including effects against tumors and oxidants. Studies proved that luteolin can modulate immune responses. In this study, we investigated the function of luteolin as an antitumor vaccine adjuvant (to treat malignant melanoma) in vitro and in vivo. We found that Luteolin may activated the PI3K-Akt pathways in APCs (Antigen Presenting Cells), induced the activation of APCs, enhanced CTL (Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte) responses, and inhibited tolerogenic T cells. To prove the role of CD8+T cells in immune process, we sorted the CD8+T cells from the immunized mice and transferred them to the B16F10 tumor-bearing mice, the result showed that the survival rate was improved. We also observed that in the mice immunized with Luteolin as an adjuvant, the tumor growth was significantly reduced. Taken together, the result demonstrated that luteolin showed promising properties as a vaccine adjuvant for treating malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tian
- School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shasha Jiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- Department of Special Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueqi Wan
- School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaochao Yang
- School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Basic Medical, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Mu W, Chu Q, Liu Y, Zhang N. A Review on Nano-Based Drug Delivery System for Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:142. [PMID: 34138136 PMCID: PMC7770879 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although notable progress has been made on novel cancer treatments, the overall survival rate and therapeutic effects are still unsatisfactory for cancer patients. Chemoimmunotherapy, combining chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutic drugs, has emerged as a promising approach for cancer treatment, with the advantages of cooperating two kinds of treatment mechanism, reducing the dosage of the drug and enhancing therapeutic effect. Moreover, nano-based drug delivery system (NDDS) was applied to encapsulate chemotherapeutic agents and exhibited outstanding properties such as targeted delivery, tumor microenvironment response and site-specific release. Several nanocarriers have been approved in clinical cancer chemotherapy and showed significant improvement in therapeutic efficiency compared with traditional formulations, such as liposomes (Doxil®, Lipusu®), nanoparticles (Abraxane®) and micelles (Genexol-PM®). The applications of NDDS to chemoimmunotherapy would be a powerful strategy for future cancer treatment, which could greatly enhance the therapeutic efficacy, reduce the side effects and optimize the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Herein, the current approaches of cancer immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy were discussed, and recent advances of NDDS applied for chemoimmunotherapy were further reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihui Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Yang L, Yu H, Dong S, Zhong Y, Hu S. Recognizing and managing on toxicities in cancer immunotherapy. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694542. [PMID: 28351299 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 4 years, cancer immunotherapy has significantly prolonged survival time of patients with prostate cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, and liver cancer, but its side effects are also impressive. Different types of the immune therapeutic agents have different on-target or off-target toxicity due to high affinity or weak specificity, respectively. Treatment toxicity spectrums vary greatly even in patients with the same type of cancer. Common toxicities are fevers, chills, diarrhea colitis, maculopapular rash, hepatitis, and hormone gland disorder; therefore, routine monitoring of thyroid function, liver function, renal function, and complete blood count are absolutely necessary once treatment begins. Some side effects are reversible, and can be processed through the standard medicines. However, serious toxicities are lethal, which should be frequently followed-up, identified at an early stage and immediately symptomatic treated by high-dose immunosuppressors. In this case, thereafter, the same agent should not be challenged again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifang Yu
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Dong
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Fujiwara Y, Okada K, Omori T, Sugimura K, Miyata H, Ohue M, Kobayashi S, Takahashi H, Nakano H, Mochizuki C, Shimizu K, Yano M, Nakamura Y, Mori M, Doki Y. Multiple therapeutic peptide vaccines for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1655-1662. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Beyranvand Nejad E, Welters MJP, Arens R, van der Burg SH. The importance of correctly timing cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 17:87-103. [PMID: 27802061 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1256388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment options for cancer-surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy-are now supplemented with immunotherapy. Previously underappreciated but now gaining strong interest are the immune modulatory properties of the three conventional modalities. Moreover, there is a better understanding of the needs and potential of the different immune therapeutic platforms. Key to improved treatment will be the combinations of modalities that complete each other's shortcomings. Area covered: Tumor-specific T-cells are required for optimal immunotherapy. In this review, the authors focus on the correct timing of different types of chemotherapeutic agents or immune modulators and immunotherapeutic drugs, not only for the activation and expansion of tumor-specific T-cells but also to support and enhance their anti-tumor efficacy. Expert opinion: At an early phase of disease, clinical success can be obtained using single treatment modalities but at later disease stages, combinations of several modalities are required. The gain in success is determined by a thorough understanding of the direct and indirect immune effects of the modalities used. Profound knowledge of these effects requires optimal tuning of immunomonitoring. This will guide the appropriate combination of treatments and allow for correct sequencing the order and interval of the different therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Beyranvand Nejad
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands.,b Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Marij J P Welters
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- b Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands
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