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Chen X, Yu S, Chen J, Chen X. Analysis of PD-L1 promoter methylation combined with immunogenic context in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:149. [PMID: 38833018 PMCID: PMC11150339 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Despite the successful application of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-blocking strategies in some types of cancers and well-established prognostic indicators in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the biological and clinical implications of the methylation status of PD-L1/PD-L2 in PDAC remain largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the biological role of PD-L1/PD-L2 methylation and its association with clinicopathological features, clinical outcomes, and the immune microenvironment by analyzing the data on PD-L1/PD-L2 methylation and mRNA expression in PDAC cohorts obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium. The correlation between PD-L1 promoter methylation and PD-L1 expression and survival was further validated in an independent validation cohort (Peking Union Medical College Hospital [PUMCH] cohort) using pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry. These results demonstrated that hypomethylation of the PD-L1 promoter was strongly associated with upregulated PD-L1 expression and shorter overall survival in PDAC. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the PD-L1 promoter methylation was an independent prognostic factor. PD-L1 promoter hypomethylation and high expression were related to aggressive clinical phenotypes. Moreover, both PD-L1 and PD-L2 methylation correlated with immune cell infiltration and the expression of immune checkpoint genes. PD-L1 promoter methylation status was further validated as an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with PDAC using the PUMCH cohort. The prognostic significance of PD-L1 promoter methylation was more discriminative in tumors with perineural/lymphovascular invasion and distant metastasis than in those without perineural/lymphovascular invasion and distant metastasis. In summary, the methylation status of the PD-L1 promoter is a promising biomarker for survival outcomes, immune infiltration, and the potential immune benefits of immunotherapy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangni Yu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xianlong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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2
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Hong H, Shi X, Ou W, Ou P. Prognostic biomarker CPEB3 and its associations with immune infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biomed Rep 2024; 20:63. [PMID: 38476610 PMCID: PMC10928475 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The role and underlying mechanism of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 3 (CPEB3) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma [ccRCC progression remain poorly characterized. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of CPEB3 in ccRCC and its clinical associations. The overall response rate of first-line therapies (ICIs combined with VEGFR-TKIs or ICI combination) for ccRCC] is 42.0-59.3%, so a number of patients with ccRCC do not benefit from these therapies. To avoid immunosurveillance and immune killing, tumor cells decrease immunogenicity and recruit immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs inhibit the development of anti-tumor immunity, thereby hindering immune surveillance of cancer and preventing effective anti-tumor immune response in tumor-bearing hosts. The present study analyzed clinical specimens from patients ccRCC and then examined the role of CPEB3 in ccRCC via bioinformatics analysis. CPEB3 expression was significantly reduced in ccRCC compared with normal tissue and low CPEB3 expression was associated with poor overall survival. Moreover, CPEB3 expression was an independent predictor of survival. CPEB3 expression was positively associated with immune biomarkers [CD274, programmed cell death 1 ligand 2, Hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 2, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)9, CXCL10, Inducible T cell costimulatory, CD40, CD80 and CD38] that improve the outcome of anti-tumor immune responses. CPEB3 expression in ccRCC also affected the status of 24 types of infiltrating immune cell, of which Tregs were the most significantly negatively correlated cell type. CPEB3 may serve as a prognostic biomarker in ccRCC and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualan Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Xi Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Wenyong Ou
- Department of Surgery 1, Longyan People Hospital, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Pengju Ou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Affairs, Guangzhou Lupeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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3
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Adhikary S, Pathak S, Palani V, Acar A, Banerjee A, Al-Dewik NI, Essa MM, Mohammed SGAA, Qoronfleh MW. Current Technologies and Future Perspectives in Immunotherapy towards a Clinical Oncology Approach. Biomedicines 2024; 12:217. [PMID: 38255322 PMCID: PMC10813720 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is now established as a potent therapeutic paradigm engendering antitumor immune response against a wide range of malignancies and other diseases by modulating the immune system either through the stimulation or suppression of immune components such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. By targeting several immune checkpoint inhibitors or blockers (e.g., PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4, LAG3, and TIM-3) expressed on the surface of immune cells, several monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies have been developed and already translated clinically. In addition, natural killer cell-based, dendritic cell-based, and CAR T cell therapies have been also shown to be promising and effective immunotherapeutic approaches. In particular, CAR T cell therapy has benefited from advancements in CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology, allowing the generation of several modified CAR T cells with enhanced antitumor immunity. However, the emerging SARS-CoV-2 infection could hijack a patient's immune system by releasing pro-inflammatory interleukins and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10, and IFN-γ and TNF-α, respectively, which can further promote neutrophil extravasation and the vasodilation of blood vessels. Despite the significant development of advanced immunotherapeutic technologies, after a certain period of treatment, cancer relapses due to the development of resistance to immunotherapy. Resistance may be primary (where tumor cells do not respond to the treatment), or secondary or acquired immune resistance (where tumor cells develop resistance gradually to ICIs therapy). In this context, this review aims to address the existing immunotherapeutic technologies against cancer and the resistance mechanisms against immunotherapeutic drugs, and explain the impact of COVID-19 on cancer treatment. In addition, we will discuss what will be the future implementation of these strategies against cancer drug resistance. Finally, we will emphasize the practical steps to lay the groundwork for enlightened policy for intervention and resource allocation to care for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamay Adhikary
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Vignesh Palani
- Faculty of Medicine, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Ahmet Acar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Türkiye;
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chennai 603103, India
| | - Nader I. Al-Dewik
- Department of Pediatrics, Women’s Wellness and Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 00974, Qatar;
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | | | - M. Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Division, Q3 Research Institute (QRI), Ypsilanti, MI 48917, USA
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4
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Wang Y, Jiang H, Fu L, Guan L, Yang J, Ren J, Liu F, Li X, Ma X, Li Y, Cai H. Prognostic value and immunological role of PD-L1 gene in pan-cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:20. [PMID: 38166842 PMCID: PMC10763229 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE PD-L1, a target of immune checkpoint blockade, has been proven to take the role of an oncogene in most human tumors. However, the role of PD-L1 in human pan-cancers has not yet been fully investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pan-cancer analysis was conducted to analyze expression, genetic alterations, prognosis analysis, and immunological characteristics of PD-L1. Estimating the correlation between PD-L1 expression and survival involved using pooled odds ratios and hazard ratios with 95% CI. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) technique, COX analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to the survival analysis. Additionally, we investigated the relationships between PD-L1 and microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutational burden (TMB), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), the associated genes of mismatch repair (MMR), and immune checkpoint biomarkers using Spearman's correlation analysis. Also, immunohistochemical analysis and qRT-PCR were employed in evaluating PD-L1's protein and mRNA expression in pan-caner. RESULTS PD-L1 showed abnormal mRNA and protein expression in a variety of cancers and predicted prognosis in cancer patients. Furthermore, across a variety of cancer types, the aberrant PD-L1 expression was connected to the MSI, MMR, TMB, drug sensitivity, and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Moreover, PD-L1 was significantly correlated with infiltrating levels of immune cells (T cell CD8 + , neutrophil, and so on). CONCLUSION Our study provides a better theoretical basis and guidance for the clinical treatment of PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, 730000, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Liangyin Fu
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Ling Guan
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Jingyao Ren
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Fangyu Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xuhui Ma
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
| | - Hui Cai
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine for Surgical Oncology in Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, 730000, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Gastrointestinal Tumor, Gansu Provincial Hospital, 204 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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Hoshimoto A, Tatsuguchi A, Hamakubo R, Nishimoto T, Omori J, Akimoto N, Tanaka S, Fujimori S, Hatori T, Shimizu A, Iwakiri K. Clinical significance of programmed cell death-ligand expression in small bowel adenocarcinoma is determined by the tumor microenvironment. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5566-5581. [PMID: 37970475 PMCID: PMC10642439 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i40.5566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive genomic analysis has shown that small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) has different genomic profiles from gastric and colorectal cancers. Hence, it is essential to establish chemotherapeutic regimens based on SBA characteristics. The expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) in SBA is not fully understood. Anti-PD-L1/PD-1 therapy uses tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs); therefore, the status of TILs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may influence their efficacy. The ratio of FoxP3+ to CD8+ T cells has been reported to be useful in predicting the prognosis of digestive system cancers. AIM To investigate the clinicopathological significance of PD-L1/2 expression according to the status of TILs in SBA tissues. METHODS We performed immunohistochemical analysis for PD-L1, PD-L2, CD8, FoxP3, and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 50 patients diagnosed with primary SBA. The immunoreactivities of PD-L1 and PD-L2 were determined separately in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells throughout the tumor center and invasive margins, and finally evaluated using the combined positive score (CPS). We assessed CD8+ and FoxP3+ T cells in the intratumoral and tumor-surrounding stroma. Subsequently, we calculated and summed the ratio of FoxP3 to CD8+ T cell counts. Immune-related cell densities were graded as low or high. Immunohistochemical results were compared with clinicopathological factors and patient prognosis. The distribution of cancer-specific survival (CSS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to test for significant differences in CSS. A Cox proportional hazard model was also used to assess the effect of tumor variables on CSS. RESULTS PD-L1 expression was positive in 34% in tumor cells (T-PD-L1) and 54% in tumor-infiltrating immune cells (I-PD-L1) of the cases examined. T-PD-L2 was positive in 34% and I-PD-L2 was positive in 42% of the cases. PD-L1 CPS ≥ 10 and PD-L2 CPS ≥ 10 were observed in 50% and 56% of the cases, respectively. Deficient MMR (dMMR) was 14% of the cases. T-PD-L1, I-PD-L1 and PD-L1 CPS ≥ 10 were all significantly associated with dMMR (P = 0.037, P = 0.009, and P = 0.005, respectively). T-PD-L1, I-PD-L1, and PD-L1 CPS ≥ 10 were all associated with deeper depth of invasion (P = 0.001, P = 0.024, and P = 0.002, respectively). I-PD-L2 expression and PD-L2 CPS ≥ 10 were significantly higher in the differentiated histological type (P = 0.015 and P = 0.030, respectively). The I-PD-L1 and I-PD-L2 levels were significantly associated with better CSS (P = 0.037 and P = 0.015, respectively). CD8-high was significantly associated with less lymph node metastasis (P = 0.047), less distant metastasis (P = 0.024), less peritoneal dissemination (P = 0.034), and earlier TNM stage (P = 0.047). The CD8-high group had better prognosis than the CD8-low group (P = 0.018). FoxP3 expression was not associated with any clinicopathological factors or prognosis. We found that patients with PD-L2 CPS ≥ 10 tended to have worse prognosis in the FoxP3/CD8-low group (P = 0.088). CONCLUSION The clinicopathological significance of PD-L1/2 expression may differ depending on the TME status. Immune checkpoint inhibitors may improve the prognosis of SBA patients with low FoxP3/CD8 ratio and PD-L2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitoshi Hoshimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tatsuguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Ryohei Hamakubo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Jun Omori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Naohiko Akimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Shu Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Shunji Fujimori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hatori
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba 270-1694, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Iwakiri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
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Guo Y, Cen K, Yang S, Mai Y, Hong K. Development and validation of an inflammatory response-related signature in triple negative breast cancer for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1175000. [PMID: 37397391 PMCID: PMC10311032 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1175000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is one of the most important characteristics of tumor tissue. Signatures based on inflammatory response-related genes (IRGs) can predict prognosis and treatment response in a variety of tumors. However, the clear function of IRGs in the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) still needs to be explored. Methods IRGs clusters were discovered via consensus clustering, and the prognostic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across clusters were utilized to develop a signature using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Verification analyses were conducted to show the robustness of the signature. The expression of risk genes was identified by RT-qPCR. Lastly, we formulated a nomogram to improve the clinical efficacy of our predictive tool. Results The IRGs signature, comprised of four genes, was developed and was shown to be highly correlated with the prognoses of TNBC patients. In contrast with the performance of the other individual predictors, we discovered that the IRGs signature was remarkably superior. Also, the ImmuneScores were elevated in the low-risk group. The immune cell infiltration showed significant difference between the two groups, as did the expression of immune checkpoints. Conclusion The IRGs signature could act as a biomarker and provide a momentous reference for individual therapy of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Guo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kenan Cen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifeng Mai
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Zhao M, Lau MC, Haruki K, Väyrynen JP, Gurjao C, Väyrynen SA, Dias Costa A, Borowsky J, Fujiyoshi K, Arima K, Hamada T, Lennerz JK, Fuchs CS, Nishihara R, Chan AT, Ng K, Zhang X, Meyerhardt JA, Song M, Wang M, Giannakis M, Nowak JA, Yu KH, Ugai T, Ogino S. Bayesian risk prediction model for colorectal cancer mortality through integration of clinicopathologic and genomic data. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:57. [PMID: 37301916 PMCID: PMC10257677 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Routine tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging of colorectal cancer is imperfect in predicting survival due to tumor pathobiological heterogeneity and imprecise assessment of tumor spread. We leveraged Bayesian additive regression trees (BART), a statistical learning technique, to comprehensively analyze patient-specific tumor characteristics for the improvement of prognostic prediction. Of 75 clinicopathologic, immune, microbial, and genomic variables in 815 stage II-III patients within two U.S.-wide prospective cohort studies, the BART risk model identified seven stable survival predictors. Risk stratifications (low risk, intermediate risk, and high risk) based on model-predicted survival were statistically significant (hazard ratios 0.19-0.45, vs. higher risk; P < 0.0001) and could be externally validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data (P = 0.0004). BART demonstrated model flexibility, interpretability, and comparable or superior performance to other machine-learning models. Integrated bioinformatic analyses using BART with tumor-specific factors can robustly stratify colorectal cancer patients into prognostic groups and be readily applied to clinical oncology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Zhao
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mai Chan Lau
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Koichiro Haruki
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juha P Väyrynen
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Carino Gurjao
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sara A Väyrynen
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andressa Dias Costa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Borowsky
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenji Fujiyoshi
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kota Arima
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Department of Pathology, Center for Integrated Diagnostics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Reiko Nishihara
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kun-Hsing Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Liu S, Sun Q, Ren X. Novel strategies for cancer immunotherapy: counter-immunoediting therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:38. [PMID: 37055849 PMCID: PMC10099030 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy has made an indelible mark on the field of cancer therapy, especially the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice. Although immunotherapy has proven its efficacy and safety in some tumors, many patients still have innate or acquired resistance to immunotherapy. The emergence of this phenomenon is closely related to the highly heterogeneous immune microenvironment formed by tumor cells after undergoing cancer immunoediting. The process of cancer immunoediting refers to the cooperative interaction between tumor cells and the immune system that involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape. During these phases, conflicting interactions between the immune system and tumor cells result in the formation of a complex immune microenvironment, which contributes to the acquisition of different levels of immunotherapy resistance in tumor cells. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of different phases of cancer immunoediting and the corresponding therapeutic tools, and we propose normalized therapeutic strategies based on immunophenotyping. The process of cancer immunoediting is retrograded through targeted interventions in different phases of cancer immunoediting, making immunotherapy in the context of precision therapy the most promising therapy to cure cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochuan Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, 300060, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, 300060, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, 300060, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, 300060, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, 300060, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, 300060, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 300060, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060, Tianjin, China.
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9
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Kosumi K, Baba Y, Yamamura K, Nomoto D, Okadome K, Yagi T, Toihata T, Kiyozumi Y, Harada K, Eto K, Sawayama H, Ishimoto T, Iwatsuki M, Iwagami S, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N, Watanabe M, Baba H. Intratumour Fusobacterium nucleatum and immune response to oesophageal cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1155-1165. [PMID: 36599917 PMCID: PMC10006219 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence suggests a role of intratumour Fusobacterium nucleatum in the aggressive behaviour of gastrointestinal cancer through downregulating anti-tumour immunity. We investigated the relationship between intratumour F. nucleatum and immune response to oesophageal cancer. METHODS Utilising an unbiased database of 300 resected oesophageal cancers, we measured F. nucleatum DNA in tumour tissue using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, and evaluated the relationship between the abundance of F. nucleatum and the densities of T cells (CD8 + , FOXP3 + and PDCD1 + ), as well as lymphocytic reaction patterns (follicle lymphocytic reaction, peritumoural lymphocytic reaction, stromal lymphocytic reaction and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes) in oesophageal carcinoma tissue. RESULTS F. nucleatum was significantly and inversely associated only with the peritumoural lymphocytic reaction (P = 0.0002). Compared with the F. nucleatum-absent group, the F. nucleatum-high group showed a much lower level of the peritumoural lymphocytic reaction (univariable odds ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.65; P = 0.0004). A multivariable model yielded a similar finding (multivariable odds ratio, 0.34; 95% confidence interval 0.16-0.69; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Intratumour F. nucleatum is associated with a diminished peritumoural lymphocytic reaction, providing a platform for further investigations on the potential interactive roles between intratumour F. nucleatum and host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Amakusa Medical Center, 854-1 Jikiba, Kameba-machi, Amakusa, 863-0046, Japan
- Department of Next-Generation Surgical Therapy Development, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Next-Generation Surgical Therapy Development, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Daichi Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okadome
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave., EBRC Room 404A, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Taisuke Yagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tasuku Toihata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Kiyozumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuto Harada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kojiro Eto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sawayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shiro Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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10
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Shen J, Wang L, Bi J. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of cuproptosis-related lncRNA LINC02154 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:160. [PMID: 36797708 PMCID: PMC9936708 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is common in urinary system tumors. Cuproptosis is a non-apoptotic cell death pathway. Copper binds to fatty acylated mitochondrial proteins and activates various forms of cell death. LncRNA LINC02154 is significantly highly expressed in cells and tissues of many types of tumors, and the risk signature of LINC02154 in some tumors has been validated for effectiveness. METHODS We constructed a risk prognostic signature by obtaining differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with ccRCC outcomes and cuproptosis from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We used TCGA to construct training and testing sets to analyze the risk signature and the impact of LINC02154, and we performed relevant survival analyses. Tumor mutational burdens were analyzed in different LINC02154 expression groups and risk score groups. We next analyzed the immune microenvironment of LINC20154. We performed LINC20154-related drug sensitivity analyses. We also investigated the cellular function of LINC02154 in the ACHN cell line and performed CCK-8 assay, EdU, wound-healing assay, and Transwell assay. The essential genes FDX1 and DLST of cuproptosis were detected by western blot. RESULTS We demonstrated that LINC02154's impact on outcomes was statistically significant. We also demonstrated the association of different ages, genders, stages, and grades with LINC02154 and risk models. The results showed a significant difference in tumor mutation burden between the groups, which was closely related to clinical prognosis. We found differences in immune cells among groups with different levels of LINC02154 expression and significant differences in immune function, immunotherapeutic positive markers, and critical steps of the immune cycle. The sensitivity analysis showed that differential expression of LINC02154 discriminated between sensitivity to axitinib, doxorubicin, gemcitabine, pazopanib, sorafenib, sunitinib, and temsirolimus. This difference was also present in the high-risk group and low-risk group. We demonstrated that the proliferation and migration of t ACHN cells in the LINC02154 knockdown group were inhibited. The western blot results showed that the knockdown of LINC02154 significantly affected the expression of FDX1 and DLST, critical genes of cuproptosis. CONCLUSION Finally, we demonstrated that LINC02154 and our constructed risk signature could predict outcomes and have potential clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Shen
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Urology, China Medical University, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - Linhui Wang
- grid.412449.e0000 0000 9678 1884Department of Urology, China Medical University, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
| | - Jianbin Bi
- Department of Urology, China Medical University, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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11
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Wang Y, Du J, Gao Z, Sun H, Mei M, Wang Y, Ren Y, Zhou X. Evolving landscape of PD-L2: bring new light to checkpoint immunotherapy. Br J Cancer 2022; 128:1196-1207. [PMID: 36522474 PMCID: PMC10050415 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade therapy targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has revolutionized the landscape of multiple human cancer types, including head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC). Programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2), a PD-1 ligand, mediates cancer cell immune escape (or tolerance independent of PD-L1) and predicts poor prognosis of patients with HNSCC. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the regulatory process of PD-L2 expression may stratify patients with HNSCC to benefit from anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. In this review, we summarised the PD-L2 expression and its immune-dependent and independent functions in HNSCC and other solid tumours. We focused on recent findings on the mechanisms that regulate PD-L2 at the genomic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels, also in intercellular communication of tumour microenvironment (TME). We also discussed the prospects of using small molecular agents indirectly targeting PD-L2 in cancer therapy. These findings may provide a notable avenue in developing novel and effective PD-L2-targeted therapeutic strategies for immune combination therapy and uncovering biomarkers that improve the clinical efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapies.
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12
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Li Y, Peng G, Qin C, Wang X, Li Y, Li Y. Positive regulators of T cell proliferation as biomarkers for predicting prognosis and characterizing the immune landscape in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:1003754. [PMID: 36506303 PMCID: PMC9732442 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1003754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the one of the most prevalent and fatal form of malignant tumors worldwide. Recently, immunotherapy is widely used in the treatment of patients with LUAD and has proved to be clinically effective in improve the prognosis of patients. But there still has been a tremendous thrust to further improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in individual patients with LUAD. The suppression of T cells and their effector functions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of LUAD is one of the primary reasons for the low efficacy of immunotherapy in some patients with LUAD. Therefore, identifying positive regulators of T cell proliferation (TPRs) may offer novel avenues for LUAD immunotherapy. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated the infiltration patterns of TPRs in 1,066 patients with LUAD using unsupervised consensus clustering and identified correlations with genomic and clinicopathological characteristics. Three infiltrating TPR clusters were defined, and a TPR-related risk signature composed of nine TPRs was constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-Cox regression algorithms to classify the individual TPR infiltration patterns. Cluster 1 exhibited high levels of T cell infiltration and activation of immune-related signaling pathways, whereas cluster 2 was characterized by robust T cell immune infiltration and enrichment of pathways associated with carcinogenic gene sets and tumor immunity. Cluster 3 was characterized as an immune-desert phenotype. Moreover, the TPR signature was confirmed as an independent prognostic biomarker for drug sensitivity in patients with LUAD. In conclusion, the TPR signature may serve as a novel tool for effectively characterizing immune characteristics and evaluating the prognosis of patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoying Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yueran Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Gynecology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Yueran Li,
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13
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Sun X, Zhang J, Xiao C, Ge Z. Expression profile and prognostic values of LSM family in skin cutaneous melanoma. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:238. [DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The like-Smith (LSM) family is a group of RNA-binding proteins involved in RNA metabolism. However, their involvement in tumors, particularly skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), is not fully understood. In this study, we focused on the expression profiles and prognostic values of the LSM family in SKCM.
Methods
Raw data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The expression profile and prognostic value of LSM genes in SKCM were explored using the GEPIA, cBioPortal, and HPA databases. Protein–protein and gene–gene interaction analyses were performed using STRING and GeneMANIA. Enrichment and Cox regression analysis were conducted using R software. The TISIDB database was used to explore the relationship between LSMs and immunomodulators. Receiver operating characteristic curves and nomogram models were constructed to validate prognostic values.
Results
mRNA and protein expression levels of LSM2, LSM4, and LSM12 were significantly elevated in SKCM. The upregulated mRNA expression of LSM2 (p = 0.0013) and LSM4 (p = 0.0043) was significantly correlated with poor overall survival in patients with SKCM, whereas only LSM2 (p = 0.049) overexpression was markedly associated with worse disease-free survival. LSM2 overexpression was an independent risk factor (p = 0.013) and was confirmed to have a high prognostic value in SKCM using the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC = 0.942) and nomogram models. All LSM genes were identified as genomic mutations, whereas alteration of LSM2 (p = 0.0153) significantly affected the overall survival in patients with SKCM. Significant correlations were observed between LSM family expression, immune cell infiltration, and immunomodulator. Furthermore, function and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the LSM family was mainly RNA binding proteins and involved in RNA splicing and degradation.
Conclusion
Expression profiles and prognostic values of LSM in SKCM were inconsistent. Among the LSM family, only LSM2 may serve as a potential poor prognosticator and immunotherapeutic target of SKCM.
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14
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Perrot-Applanat M, Pimpie C, Vacher S, Bieche I, Pocard M, Baud V. Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Metabolism and Immune Response in Diffuse and Intestinal Gastric Cancers, a Pilot Ptudy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020240. [PMID: 35203450 PMCID: PMC8869420 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The vast majority of GC cases are adenocarcinomas including intestinal and diffuse GC. The incidence of diffuse GCs, often associated with poor overall survival, has constantly increased in USA and Europe The molecular basis of diffuse GC aggressivity remains unclear. Using mRNA from diffuse and intestinal GC tumor samples of a Western cohort, this study reports the expression level of the immunomodulatory aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and genes involved in immune suppression (PD1, PD-L1, PD-L2) and the early steps of tryptophan metabolism (IDO1, IDO2, TDO2). Strongly increased expression of IDO1 (p < 0.001) and PD1 (p < 0.003) was observed in the intestinal sub-type. The highest expression of IDO1 and PDL1 correlated with early clinical stage and absence of lymphatic invasion (×25 p = 0.004, ×3 p = 0.04, respectively). Our results suggest that kynurenine, produced by tryptophan catabolism, and AhR activation play a central role in creating an immunosuppressive environment. Correspondingly, as compared to intestinal GCs, expression levels of IDO1-TDO2 and PD-L1 were less prominent in diffuse GCs which also had less infiltration of immune cells, suggesting an inactive immune response in the advanced diffuse GC. Confirmation of these patterns of gene expression will require a larger cohort of early and advanced stages of diffuse GC samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Perrot-Applanat
- INSERM U1275, CAP Paris-Tech, Université de Paris, Lariboisiere Hospital, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.P.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.-A.); (V.B.)
| | - Cynthia Pimpie
- INSERM U1275, CAP Paris-Tech, Université de Paris, Lariboisiere Hospital, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Pharmacogenomics Unit-Institut Curie, Department of Genetics, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; (S.V.); (I.B.)
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Pharmacogenomics Unit-Institut Curie, Department of Genetics, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France; (S.V.); (I.B.)
| | - Marc Pocard
- INSERM U1275, CAP Paris-Tech, Université de Paris, Lariboisiere Hospital, F-75010 Paris, France; (C.P.); (M.P.)
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation, AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Baud
- NF-kappaB, Différenciation et Cancer, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.P.-A.); (V.B.)
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15
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Yuan Q, Zhang W, Shang W. Identification and validation of a prognostic risk-scoring model based on sphingolipid metabolism-associated cluster in colon adenocarcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1045167. [PMID: 36518255 PMCID: PMC9742378 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1045167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the primary factor responsible for cancer-related mortalities in western countries, and its development and progression are affected by altered sphingolipid metabolism. The current study aimed at investigating the effects of sphingolipid metabolism-related (SLP) genes on multiple human cancers, especially on COAD. We obtained 1287 SLP genes from the GeneCard and MsigDb databases along with the public transcriptome data and the related clinical information. The univariate Cox regression analysis suggested that 26 SLP genes were substantially related to the prognosis of COAD, and a majority of SLP genes served as the risk genes for the tumor, insinuating a potential pathogenic effect of SLP in COAD development. Pan-cancer characterization of SLP genes summarized their expression traits, mutation traits, and methylation levels. Subsequently, we focused on the thorough research of COAD. With the help of unsupervised clustering, 1008 COAD patients were successfully divided into two distinct subtypes (C1 and C2). C1 subtype is characterized by a poor prognosis, activation of SLP pathways, high expression of SLP genes, disordered carcinogenic pathways, and immune microenvironment. Based on the clusters of SLP, we developed and validated a novel prognostic model, consisting of ANO1, C2CD4A, EEF1A2, GRP, HEYL, IGF1, LAMA2, LSAMP, RBP1, and TCEAL2, to quantitatively evaluate the clinical outcomes of COAD. The Kaplain-Meier survival curves and ROC curves highlighted the accuracy of our SLP model in both internal and external cohorts. Compared to normal colon tissues, expression of C2CD4A was detected to be significantly higher in COAD; whereas, expression levels of EEF1A2, IGF1, and TCEAL2 were detected to be significantly lower in COAD. Overall, our research emphasized the pathogenic role of SLP in COAD and found that targeting SLP might help improve the clinical outcomes of COAD. The risk model based on SLP metabolism provided a new horizon for prognosis assessment and customized patient intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- *Correspondence: Qihang Yuan,
| | - Weizhi Zhang
- Dalian No.24 High School, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Weijia Shang
- Dalian No.24 High School, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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16
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Liang SK, Chien LH, Chang GC, Tsai YH, Su WC, Chen YM, Huang MS, Lin HC, Fang WT, Hung HH, Jiang SS, Chen CY, Chen KY, Chang IS, Hsiung CA, Chen CJ, Yang PC. Programmed Death Ligand 2 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated With Lung Adenocarcinoma Risk in Female Never-Smokers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:753788. [PMID: 34631591 PMCID: PMC8497977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.753788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lung cancer in never-smokers is a distinct disease associated with a different genomic landscape, pathogenesis, risk factors, and immune checkpoint inhibitor responses compared to those observed in smokers. This study aimed to identify novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of programmed death-1 (encoded by PDCD1) and its ligands, programmed death ligand 1 (CD274) and 2 (PDCD1LG2), associated with lung cancer risk in never-smoking women. Materials and Methods During September 2002 and July 2012, we enrolled never-smoking female patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (n=1153) and healthy women (n=1022) from six tertiary hospitals in Taiwan. SNP data were obtained and analyzed from the genome-wide association study dataset and through an imputation method. The expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was performed in both tumor and non-tumor tissues for the correlation between genetic expression and identified SNPs. Results A total of 12 PDCD1LG2 SNPs related to LUAD risk were identified in never-smoking women, including rs2381282, rs4742103, rs4237162, rs4742104, rs12237624, rs78096119, rs6476988, rs7857315, rs10975178, rs7854413, rs56001683, and rs7858319. Among them, six tagged PDCD1LG2 SNPs rs2381282, rs4742103, rs4237162, rs4742104, rs78096119, and rs56001683 were significantly associated with LUAD risk. Specifically, two PDCD1LG2 SNPs, rs12237624 and rs78096119, were associated with previous pulmonary tuberculosis infection in relation to LUAD susceptibility. Through an eQTL assay, we found that rs2381282 (p < 0.001), rs12237624 (p = 0.019), and rs78096119 (p = 0.019) were associated with the expression levels of programed death ligand 2. Conclusions Novel SNPs of programed death ligand 2 associated with lung adenocarcinoma risk were identified. Among them, two SNPs were associated with pulmonary tuberculosis infection in relation to lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility. These SNPs may help to stratify high-risk populations of never-smokers during lung cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kai Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Chien
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Huang Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Min Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, and Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chih Lin
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsen Fang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Han Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, and Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Ugai T, Zhao M, Shimizu T, Akimoto N, Shi S, Takashima Y, Zhong R, Lau MC, Haruki K, Arima K, Fujiyoshi K, Langworthy B, Masugi Y, da Silva A, Nosho K, Baba Y, Song M, Chan AT, Wang M, Meyerhardt JA, Giannakis M, Väyrynen JP, Nowak JA, Ogino S. Association of PIK3CA mutation and PTEN loss with expression of CD274 (PD-L1) in colorectal carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1956173. [PMID: 34377593 PMCID: PMC8331006 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1956173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting the CD274 (PD-L1)/PDCD1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint axis has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for various cancers. Experimental evidence suggests that phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphonate 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling may upregulate CD274 expression. Thus, we hypothesized that PIK3CA mutation, PTEN loss, or their combined status might be associated with CD274 overexpression in colorectal carcinoma. We assessed tumor CD274 and PTEN expression by immunohistochemistry and assessed PIK3CA mutation by pyrosequencing in 753 patients among 4,465 incident rectal and colon cancer cases that had occurred in two U.S.-wide prospective cohort studies. To adjust for potential confounders and selection bias due to tissue availability, inverse probability weighted multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses used the 4,465 cases and tumoral data including microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, KRAS and BRAF mutations. PIK3CA mutation and loss of PTEN expression were detected in 111 of 753 cases (15%) and 342 of 585 cases (58%), respectively. Tumor CD274 expression was negative in 306 (41%), low in 195 (26%), and high in 252 (33%) of 753 cases. PTEN loss was associated with CD274 overexpression [multivariable odds ratio (OR) 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22–2.75; P = .004]. PIK3CA mutation was statistically-insignificantly (P = .036 with the stringent alpha level of 0.005) associated with CD274 overexpression (multivariable OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.03–2.31). PIK3CA-mutated PTEN-lost tumors (n = 33) showed higher prevalence of CD274-positivity (82%) than PIK3CA-wild-type PTEN-lost tumors (n = 204; 70% CD274-positivity) and PTEN-expressed tumors (n = 147; 50% CD274-positivity) (P = .003). Our findings support the role of PI3K signaling in the CD274/PDCD1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa Zhao
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiko Akimoto
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasutoshi Takashima
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rong Zhong
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mai Chan Lau
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Koichiro Haruki
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kota Arima
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenji Fujiyoshi
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Langworthy
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Nosho
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juha P Väyrynen
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Fan MK, Qi LL, Zhang Q, Wang L. The Updated Status and Future Direction of Immunotherapy Targeting B7-H1/PD-1 in Osteosarcoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:757-764. [PMID: 33536783 PMCID: PMC7850464 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s285560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the mortality rate of osteosarcoma (OS) patients has improved, there are still many unsolved problems concerning how to reduce recurrence and metastasis. In the tumor microenvironment, immune escape plays a more important role in tumor progression and development. Many costimulatory molecules of the B7 family have been reported to be involved in regulating immunological interactions between OS cells and immune cells. Among these molecules, B7-H1 and its receptor, programmed death-1 (PD-1), have been the focus of the fields of tumor immunology and have been recently applied in clinical trials of therapies for several solid tumors. These therapies, referred to as B7-H1/PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapies, are designed to block the interaction between the two molecules. Although the mechanism has been reported in some malignancies, the specific impact of B7-H1/PD-1 expression on OS has not been well defined. Here, we review the expression, function, and regulatory mechanism of the B7-H1/PD-1 axis in OS and introduce and compare the advantages and disadvantages of B7-H1/PD-1 immunotherapies in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-ke Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedic Research Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-li Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Orthopedic Research Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedic Research Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Katsurahara K, Shiozaki A, Kosuga T, Shimizu H, Kudou M, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Konishi E, Otsuji E. ANO9 regulates PD-L2 expression and binding ability to PD-1 in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1026-1037. [PMID: 33404124 PMCID: PMC7935785 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of ANO9 in gastrointestinal cancer remains unclear. We investigated the biological behaviors and clinical prognostic values of ANO9 in gastric cancer (GC). Knockdown experiments were performed on human GC cell lines using ANO9 siRNA. Eighty‐four primary tissue samples from patients with advanced GC were examined immunohistochemically (IHC). Knockdown of ANO9 reduced the progression of cancer cells in MKN7 and MKN74 cells. A microarray analysis revealed that ANO9 regulated PD‐L2 via interferon (IFN)‐related genes. We confirmed using flow cytometry that the depletion of ANO9 reduced the binding ability to PD‐1 by downregulating the expression of PD‐L2 in MKN7 and MKN74 cells. IHC revealed a correlation between the expression of ANO9 and PD‐L2 and also that the strong expression of ANO9 was an independent poor prognostic factor in patients with advanced GC. The present results indicate that ANO9 regulates PD‐L2 and binding ability to PD‐1 via IFN‐related genes in GC. Therefore, ANO9 has potential as a biomarker and target of immune checkpoint blockage (ICB) for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Katsurahara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Prognostic relevance of programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PDCD1LG2/PD-L2) in patients with advanced stage colon carcinoma treated with chemotherapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22330. [PMID: 33339860 PMCID: PMC7749140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although the role of tumor programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in suppressing antitumor immunity has been validated in various malignances, the impact of PD-L2 (PD-L2/PDCD1LG2) within tumors remains elusive. Here, we examined tumor PD-L2 expression by immunohistochemical analysis and assessed its association with clinicopathological characteristics and the infiltration of intratumoral T lymphocytes in colon carcinoma patients (n = 1264). We found that tumor PD-L2 status was correlated with perineural invasion (PNI) and associated with survival outcome in colon carcinoma patients. The level of tumor PD-L2 was positively associated with tumor PD-L1 expression but inversely associated with the density of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Patients with elevated tumor PD-L2 levels had a favorable 5-year overall survival (OS) compared to patients with low PD-L2 levels (57% vs 40%, p < 0.001), especially in advanced stage colon carcinoma patients. Low tumor PD-L2 expression was associated with an increased 5-year OS risk among advanced stage colon carcinoma patients by univariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.69, 95% CI 1.324–2.161, p < 0.001] and multivariate analysis [HR = 1.594, 95% CI 1.206–2.106, p = 0.001]. Moreover, tumor PD-L2 expression was inversely associated with the lymphocytic reaction in advanced stage colon carcinoma, suggesting that PD-L2 may be upregulated by a compensatory mechanism to inhibit T cell-mediated anticancer immunity. Taken together, these results show that tumor PD-L2 expression may be an independent prognostic factor for survival outcome in patients with advanced stage colon carcinoma.
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21
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Xu J, Nie H, He J, Wang X, Liao K, Tu L, Xiong Z. Using Machine Learning Modeling to Explore New Immune-Related Prognostic Markers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:550002. [PMID: 33215029 PMCID: PMC7665579 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.550002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find new immune-related prognostic markers for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS We found GSE14814 is related to NSCLC in GEO database. The non-small cell lung cancer observation (NSCLC-OBS) group was evaluated for immunity and divided into high and low groups for differential gene screening according to the score of immune evaluation. A single factor COX regression analysis was performed to select the genes related to prognosis. A prognostic model was constructed by machine learning, and test whether the model has a test efficacy for prognosis. A chip-in-chip non-small cell lung cancer chemotherapy (NSCLC-ACT) sample was used as a validation dataset for the same validation and prognostic analysis of the model. The coexpression genes of hub genes were obtained by pearson analysis and gene enrichment, function enrichment and protein interaction analysis. The tumor samples of patients with different clinical stages were detected by immunohistochemistry and the expression difference of prognostic genes in tumor tissues of patients with different stages was compared. RESULTS By screening, we found that LYN, C3, COPG2IT1, HLA.DQA1, and TNFRSF17 is closely related to prognosis. After machine learning, we constructed the immune prognosis model from these 5 genes, and the model AUC values were greater than 0.9 at three time periods of 1, 3, and 5 years; the total survival period of the low-risk group was significantly better than that of the high-risk group. The results of prognosis analysis in ACT samples were consistent with OBS groups. The coexpression genes are mainly involved B cell receptor signaling pathway and are mainly enriched in apoptotic cell clearance. Prognostic key genes are highly correlated with PDCD1, PDCD1LG2, LAG3, and CTLA4 immune checkpoints. The immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of COPG2IT1 and HLA.DQA1 in stage III increased significantly and the expression of LYN, C3, and TNFRSF17 in stage III decreased significantly compared with that of stage I. The experimental results are consistent with the previous analysis. CONCLUSION LYN, C3, COPG2IT1, LA.DQA1, and NFRSF17 may be new immune markers to judge the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Han Nie
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiarui He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kaili Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Luxia Tu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenfang Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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22
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Solinas C, Aiello M, Rozali E, Lambertini M, Willard-Gallo K, Migliori E. Programmed cell death-ligand 2: A neglected but important target in the immune response to cancer? Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100811. [PMID: 32622310 PMCID: PMC7332529 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) is one of the two ligands of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor, an inhibitory protein mainly expressed on activated immune cells that is targeted in the clinic, with successful and remarkable results. The PD-1/PD-Ls axis was shown to be one of the most relevant immunosuppressive pathways in the immune microenvironment, and blocking this interaction gave rise to an impressive clinical benefit in a broad variety of solid and hematological malignancies. Although PD-L2 has been historically considered a minor ligand, it binds to PD-1 with a two- to six-fold higher affinity as compared to PD-L1. PD-L2 can be expressed by immune, stromal, or tumor cells. The aims of this narrative review are to summarize PD-L2 biology in the physiological responses of the immune system and its role, expression, and clinical significance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Solinas
- Azienda USL Valle d'Aosta, Regional Hospital of Valle d'Aosta, Aosta, Italy
| | - Marco Aiello
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O.U. Policlinico San Marco, Catania, Italy
| | - Esdy Rozali
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino and University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Migliori
- Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Zhao SG, Lehrer J, Chang SL, Das R, Erho N, Liu Y, Sjöström M, Den RB, Freedland SJ, Klein EA, Karnes RJ, Schaeffer EM, Xu M, Speers C, Nguyen PL, Ross AE, Chan JM, Cooperberg MR, Carroll PR, Davicioni E, Fong L, Spratt DE, Feng FY. The Immune Landscape of Prostate Cancer and Nomination of PD-L2 as a Potential Therapeutic Target. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 111:301-310. [PMID: 30321406 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has been less successful in treating prostate cancer than other solid tumors. We sought to better understand the immune landscape in prostate cancer and identify immune-related biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. METHODS We analyzed gene expression data from 7826 prospectively collected prostatectomy samples (2013-2016), and 1567 retrospective samples with long-term clinical outcomes, for a total of 9393 samples, all profiled on the same commercial clinical platform in a CLIA-certified lab. The primary outcome was distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). Secondary outcomes included biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS), prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS), and overall survival (OS). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of hallmark pathways demonstrated an immune-related tumor cluster. Increased estimated immune content scores based on immune-specific genes from the literature were associated with worse bRFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.26 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12 to 1.42]; P < .001), DMFS (HR = 1.34 [95% CI = 1.13 to 1.58]; P < .001), PCSS (HR = 1.53 [95% CI = 1.21 to 1.92]; P < .001), and OS (HR = 1.27 [95% CI = 1.07 to 1.50]; P = .006). Deconvolution using Cibersort revealed that mast cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells conferred improved DMFS, whereas macrophages and T-cells conferred worse DMFS. Interestingly, while PD-L1 was not prognostic, consistent with its low expression in prostate cancer, PD-L2 was expressed at statistically significantly higher levels (P < .001) and was associated with worse bRFS (HR = 1.17 [95% CI = 1.03 to 1.33]; P = .01), DMFS (HR = 1.25 [95% CI = 1.05 to 1.49]; P = .01), and PCSS (HR = 1.45 [95% CI = 1.13 to 1.86]; P = .003). PD-L2 was strongly associated with immune-related pathways on gene set enrichment analysis suggesting that it is playing an important role in immune modulation in clinical prostate cancer samples. Furthermore, PD-L2 was correlated with radiation response pathways, and also predicted response to postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) on multivariable interaction analysis (P = .03). CONCLUSION In the largest study of its kind to date, these results illustrate the complex relationship between the tumor-immune interaction, prognosis, and response to radiotherapy, and nominate PD-L2 as a potential novel therapeutic target in prostate cancer, potentially in combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - S Laura Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Rajdeep Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Yang Liu
- GenomeDx Biosciences Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Sjöström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robert B Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Eric A Klein
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Melody Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Corey Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Paul L Nguyen
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ashley E Ross
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - June M Chan
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Matthew R Cooperberg
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter R Carroll
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Lawrence Fong
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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24
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Yang H, Zhang Q, Xu M, Wang L, Chen X, Feng Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Cui W, Jia X. CCL2-CCR2 axis recruits tumor associated macrophages to induce immune evasion through PD-1 signaling in esophageal carcinogenesis. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:41. [PMID: 32103760 PMCID: PMC7045401 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) highlights the need for novel strategies against this disease. Our previous study suggested the involvement of CCL2 and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) in esophageal carcinogenesis. Despite the recognition of TAMs as a promising target for cancer treatment, mechanisms underlying its infiltration, activation and tumor-promotive function in ESCC remain unknown. Methods Human esophageal tissue array and TCGA database were used to evaluate the clinical relevance of CCL2 and TAMs in ESCC. F344 rats and C57BL/6 mice were treated with N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA) to establish orthotopic models of esophageal carcinogenesis. CCL2/CCR2 gene knockout mice and macrophage-specific PPARG gene knockout mice were respectively used to investigate the role of infiltration and polarization of TAMs in ESCC. CCL2-mediated monocyte chemotaxis was estimated in malignantly transformed Het-1A cells. THP-1 cells were used to simulate TAMs polarization in vitro. RNA-sequencing was performed to uncover the mechanism. Results Increasing expression of CCL2 correlated with TAMs accumulation in esophageal carcinogenesis, and they both predicts poor prognosis in ESCC cohort. Animal studies show blockade of CCL2-CCR2 axis strongly reduces tumor incidence by hindering TAMs recruitment and thereby potentiates the antitumor efficacy of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. More importantly, M2 polarization increases PD-L2 expression in TAMs, resulting in immune evasion and tumor promotion through PD-1 signaling pathway. Conclusion This study highlights the role of CCL2-CCR2 axis in esophageal carcinogenesis. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanism of immune evasion mediated by TAMs in ESCC, suggesting the potential of TAMs-targeted strategies for ESCC prevention and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No.7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qiannan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No.7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Miao Xu
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272001, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- Department of Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yongquan Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No.7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yongning Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No.7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No.7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wenming Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No.7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xudong Jia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No.7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Dendritic cell upregulation of programmed death ligand-1 via DNA demethylation inhibits experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Autoimmun 2020; 107:102362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Inoue S, Tsunoda T, Riku M, Ito H, Inoko A, Murakami H, Ebi M, Ogasawara N, Pastan I, Kasugai K, Kasai K, Ikeda H, Inaguma S. Diffuse mesothelin expression leads to worse prognosis through enhanced cellular proliferation in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1741-1750. [PMID: 32194667 PMCID: PMC7039175 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell surface protein that is highly expressed in several types of malignant tumor, including malignant pleural mesothelioma, ovarian cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Recently, a comprehensive immunohistochemical study using MN-1 monoclonal antibody identified a significant number of colorectal tumors in which MSLN was expressed. However, the clinicopathological profiles and survival of patients with MSLN-positive colorectal cancer have not been fully analyzed. In the current study, the expression of MSLN in 270 primary and 44 metastatic colorectal tumors was immunohistochemically analyzed to determine the clinical usefulness of MSLN immunohistochemistry and to identify potential candidates for future anti-MSLN therapy. In vitro experiments using colon cancer cell lines were performed to investigate the biological significance of MSLN expression in tumors. The results of univariate analyses identified a significant correlation between MSLN expression and females (P=0.0042). Furthermore, an inverse correlation between MSLN expression and solid/sheet-like proliferation (P=0.014) was also revealed. Additionally, overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with diffuse luminal/membranous expression of MSLN (P=0.018). Multivariable Cox hazards regression analysis revealed diffuse MSLN expression (hazard ratio, 2.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-4.91; P=0.039) as a potential risk factor. When comparing primary CRCs and the metastasis of each, a weakly positive correlation was identified for MSLN positivity (% positive cells; R=0.484; P<0.0001). The in vitro experiments revealed a positive role for MSLN in colon cancer cell proliferation. Thus, MSLN immunohistochemistry may be useful in the prognostication of patients with CRC. The results demonstrated that significant numbers of patients with MSLN-positive CRC exhibiting metastasis could be targeted by anti-MSLN therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takumi Tsunoda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Miho Riku
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ito
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Akihito Inoko
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideki Murakami
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Masahide Ebi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Naotaka Ogasawara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kunio Kasugai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
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Characterization of spatial distribution of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells refines their prognostic utility for pancreatic cancer survival. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1495-1507. [PMID: 31186528 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The abundance of cytotoxic T-cell infiltrates has important implications for patient outcome and therapeutic design for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, intratumoral heterogeneity remains a challenge to understanding the complex immune microenvironment. We hypothesized that characterizing CD8+ cell distribution within pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues might refine the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes. Using multiplex immunohistochemistry-based image analysis on whole-tissue sections of 214 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, we measured CD8+ cell densities in the tumor center, the tumor margin, and the whole tumor, along with the proximity of CD8+ cells to carcinoma cells. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the associations of CD8+ cell densities with pancreatic cancer-specific survival, adjusting for clinicopathologic and immune-related features, including tumor expressions of TP53, SMAD4, and the programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (CD274, PD-L1) and the extent of tertiary lymphoid structures. There was substantial heterogeneity in CD8+ cell density, with the mean density in the tumor center less than half that in the tumor margin. Tumor CD274 expression and extensive tertiary lymphoid structures were appeared to be associated with higher CD8+ cell density in the tumor margin (P = 0.037 and P = 0.005, respectively), but not with that in the tumor center (P > 0.50). The association of higher CD8+ cell density with prolonged survival was significant for the whole tumor (Ptrend = 0.009); however, the association was stronger for the tumor center (Ptrend = 0.002) and insignificant for the tumor margin (Ptrend = 0.07). Tumor cell-CD8+ cell distance correlated strongly with CD8+ cell density, whereas the density of CD8+ cells proximate to cancer cells exhibited no prognostic association. In conclusion, spatial computational analysis on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma reveals the prognostic validity of CD8+ cell density in the tumor center, where CD8+ cell infiltration is ununiformly restricted, likely suggesting pro-tumorigenic roles of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer.
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Zhang Y, Xu J, Hua J, Liu J, Liang C, Meng Q, Wei M, Zhang B, Yu X, Shi S. A PD-L2-based immune marker signature helps to predict survival in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:233. [PMID: 31464648 PMCID: PMC6716876 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a key immune checkpoint that regulates peripheral tolerance and protects against autoimmunity. Programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2) is a less studied ligand to PD-1 and has yet to be fully explored, especially in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry to detect the PD-L2, CD3, CD8, transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) and FOXP3 levels in paraffin sections from 305 patients with resected PDAC as a training set. Expression levels of intratumoral and stromal immune markers were compared in relation to survival using Kaplan-Meier curves, random survival forest model and survival tree analysis. A multivariable Cox proportional-hazards model of associated markers was used to calculate the risk scores. RESULTS PD-L2 was expressed in 71.5% of PDAC samples and showed strong correlations with CD3+, CD8+ T cells and FOXP3+ regulatory T cell densities. High levels of intratumoral PD-L2 and FOXP3 were related to poor survival; only stromal FOXP3 overexpression was associated with worse prognosis. Four patterns generated from survival tree analysis demonstrated that PD-L2lowstromalFOXP3low patients had the longest survival, while PD-L2highintratumoralCD3low patients had the shortest survival (P < 0.001). The area under the curve was 0.631(95% confidence interval (CI): 0.447-0.826) for the immune marker-based signature and 0.549 (95% CI: 0.323-0.829; P < 0.001) for the clinical parameter-based signature, which was consistent with the results in the validation set including 150 patients (P < 0.001). A higher risk score indicated shorter survival and could serve as an independent prognostic factor. PD-L2 was also showed associated with TGF-β2 and other immune molecules based on bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our work highlighted PD-L2 as a promising immunotherapeutic target with prognostic value combined with complex tumor infiltrating cells in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaoyan Wei
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
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Maoz A, Dennis M, Greenson JK. The Crohn's-Like Lymphoid Reaction to Colorectal Cancer-Tertiary Lymphoid Structures With Immunologic and Potentially Therapeutic Relevance in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1884. [PMID: 31507584 PMCID: PMC6714555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Crohn's-like lymphoid reaction (CLR) to colorectal cancer (CRC), a CRC-specific ectopic lymphoid reaction, is thought to play an important role in the host response to CRC. CLR is characterized by peritumoral lymphocytic aggregates that are found at the advancing edge of the tumor. Spatial and molecular characterization of CLR within the tumor microenvironment (TME) have uncovered a spectrum of peritumoral lymphoid aggregates with varying levels of organization and maturation. In early stages of CLR development, CD4+ T-cells cluster predominantly with mature antigen presenting dendritic cells. As CLR matures, increasing numbers of B-cells, as well as follicular dendritic cells are recruited to create lymphoid follicles. When highly organized, CLR resembles functional tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), allowing for lymphocyte recruitment to the TME and promoting a tumor-specific adaptive immune response. CLR has been consistently associated with favorable prognostic factors and improved survival among CRC patients, often providing more prognostic information than current clinical staging systems. However, consensus is lacking regarding CLR scoring and it is not clinically assessed or reported. Differences between CLR and other cancer-associated lymphoid structures exist both in primary and metastatic disease, underscoring the need to characterize organ-specific TLS. Further research is needed to explore the role of CLR in predicting response to immunotherapy and to leverage CLR to promote immunotherapeutic strategies in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Maoz
- Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michael Dennis
- Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joel K Greenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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30
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Pyo JS, Son BK, Chung KH, Oh IH. Clinicopathological significance and prognostic implication of programmed death-1 ligand 2 expression in colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2019; 34:276-283. [PMID: 31337259 DOI: 10.1177/1724600819858753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic role of programmed death-1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) expression in colorectal cancer according to intratumoral components. METHODS We used immunohistochemical analysis to investigate the impact of PD-L2 expression on clinicopathological characteristics and survival in 264 human colorectal cancer tissues. We also evaluated the correlation between PD-L2 expression and PD-L1 expression. RESULTS PD-L2 was expressed in 17.4% of the tumors (T-PD-L2) and in 19.3% of the immune cells (I-PD-L2) of the 264 CRC tissues. I-PD-L2 expression was significantly correlated with favorable tumor behaviors, including lower pathologic tumor stage, less lymph node metastasis, less distant metastasis, and lower pathologic tumor node metastasis stage. There was no significant correlation between I-PD-L2 expression and T-PD-L2 expression (P = 0.091). However, I-PD-L2 expression was correlated with PD-L1 expression in the immune cells (P < 0.001). There was also a significant correlation between high Immunoscore and I-PD-L2, but not T-PD-L2 (P < 0.001 and P = 0.190, respectively). The prognosis was better for patients who expressed I-PD-L2 than for patients who did not. In patients who expressed I-PD-L2, there was a significant difference in the survival rate between subgroups according to the presence or absence of T-PD-L2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that I-PD-L2 expression is significantly correlated with favorable tumor behaviors and better survival rates. There is also a significant correlation between PD-L2 expression and PD-L1 expression in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kwan Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Maeda O, Matsuoka A, Furukawa K, Miyahara R, Hirooka Y, Ando Y. Alterations in gene expression and DNA methylation profiles in gastric cancer cells obtained from ascitic fluids collected before and after chemotherapy. Mol Clin Oncol 2019; 11:91-98. [PMID: 31289684 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2019.1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer drugs is a critical issue in cancer treatment. Alterations in gene expression and DNA methylation profiles that accompany the acquisition of drug resistance are associated with resistance mechanisms. To analyze chemotherapy-associated alterations in gene expression and DNA methylation in gastric cancer cells obtained from ascites, ascitic fluids were collected from a patient with gastric cancer before chemotherapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CapeOX), and after the disease had progressed. The fluids were cultured for 10 days, passaged into new flasks, and cultured for an additional 2 weeks. Normal cells, including white blood cells and mesothelial cells, were removed. The expression and DNA methylation profiles of 18,185 genes were analyzed using microarray, and compared between cells in ascitic fluids collected before and after the chemotherapy with CapeOX. In addition, fluorouracil- and oxaliplatin-resistant AGS cells were established and analyzed. Pathways having genes with expression profiles altered by CapeOX included those associated with 'signaling by G-protein-coupled receptor' and the 'immune system'. Genes that were commonly expressed at higher levels in CapeOX-resistant ascitic cells, fluorouracil-resistant AGS cells. and oxaliplatin-resistant AGS cells compared with those in untreated cells included telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) and serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase 1 (STYK1), whereas genes commonly expressed at lower levels in the three drug-resistant cell types compared with the untreated cells included defensin β4A (DEFB4A). A comparatively large number of genes exhibited altered methylation levels in drug-resistant AGS cells compared with the CapeOX-resistant cells. In addition, among the genes expressed at higher levels in decitabine-treated AGS cells, the majority were expressed at higher levels in fluorouracil-resistant AGS cells, and exhibited lower methylation levels. Taken together, the present study has demonstrated that comparing the expression profiles of gastric cancer cells obtained from ascitic fluids before and after chemotherapy with the expression profiles of drug-resistant cultured cells is a useful method for analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Maeda
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Ayumu Matsuoka
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ryoji Miyahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ando
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8560, Japan
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Hamada T, Nowak JA, Milner DA, Song M, Ogino S. Integration of microbiology, molecular pathology, and epidemiology: a new paradigm to explore the pathogenesis of microbiome-driven neoplasms. J Pathol 2019; 247:615-628. [PMID: 30632609 PMCID: PMC6509405 DOI: 10.1002/path.5236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) is an integrative transdisciplinary field that addresses heterogeneous effects of exogenous and endogenous factors (collectively termed 'exposures'), including microorganisms, on disease occurrence and consequences, utilising molecular pathological signatures of the disease. In parallel with the paradigm of precision medicine, findings from MPE research can provide aetiological insights into tailored strategies of disease prevention and treatment. Due to the availability of molecular pathological tests on tumours, the MPE approach has been utilised predominantly in research on cancers including breast, lung, prostate, and colorectal carcinomas. Mounting evidence indicates that the microbiome (inclusive of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites) plays an important role in a variety of human diseases including neoplasms. An alteration of the microbiome may be not only a cause of neoplasia but also an informative biomarker that indicates or mediates the association of an epidemiological exposure with health conditions and outcomes. To adequately educate and train investigators in this emerging area, we herein propose the integration of microbiology into the MPE model (termed 'microbiology-MPE'), which could improve our understanding of the complex interactions of environment, tumour cells, the immune system, and microbes in the tumour microenvironment during the carcinogenic process. Using this approach, we can examine how lifestyle factors, dietary patterns, medications, environmental exposures, and germline genetics influence cancer development and progression through impacting the microbial communities in the human body. Further integration of other disciplines (e.g. pharmacology, immunology, nutrition) into microbiology-MPE would expand this developing research frontier. With the advent of high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies, researchers now have increasing access to large-scale metagenomics as well as other omics data (e.g. genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) in population-based research. The integrative field of microbiology-MPE will open new opportunities for personalised medicine and public health. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Department of Pathology Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danny A Milner
- American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Tumor Long-interspersed Nucleotide Element-1 Methylation Level and Immune Response to Esophageal Cancer. Ann Surg 2019; 272:1025-1034. [DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Porcu M, De Silva P, Solinas C, Battaglia A, Schena M, Scartozzi M, Bron D, Suri JS, Willard-Gallo K, Sangiolo D, Saba L. Immunotherapy Associated Pulmonary Toxicity: Biology Behind Clinical and Radiological Features. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030305. [PMID: 30841554 PMCID: PMC6468855 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The broader use of immune checkpoint blockade in clinical routine challenges clinicians in the diagnosis and management of side effects which are caused by inflammation generated by the activation of the immune response. Nearly all organs can be affected by immune-related toxicities. However, the most frequently reported are: fatigue, rash, pruritus, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, arthralgia, decreased appetite and abdominal pain. Although these adverse events are usually mild, reversible and not frequent, an early diagnosis is crucial. Immune-related pulmonary toxicity was most frequently observed in trials of lung cancer and of melanoma patients treated with the combination of the anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 and the anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibodies. The most frequent immune-related adverse event in the lung is represented by pneumonitis due to the development of infiltrates in the interstitium and in the alveoli. Clinical symptoms and radiological patterns are the key elements to be considered for an early diagnosis, rendering the differential diagnosis crucial. Diagnosis of immune-related pneumonitis may imply the temporary or definitive suspension of immunotherapy, along with the start of immuno-suppressive treatments. The aim of this work is to summarize the biological bases, clinical and radiological findings of lung toxicity under immune checkpoint blockade, underlining the importance of multidisciplinary teams for an optimal early diagnosis of this side effect, with the aim to reach an improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Porcu
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy.
| | - Pushpamali De Silva
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Universitè Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology, Institute Jules Bordet, Universitè Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Cinzia Solinas
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Universitè Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Hospital of Aosta, 11100 Aosta, Italy.
| | - Angelo Battaglia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Hospital of Aosta, 11100 Aosta, Italy.
| | - Marina Schena
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Regional Hospital of Aosta, 11100 Aosta, Italy.
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy.
| | - Dominique Bron
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology, Institute Jules Bordet, Universitè Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Lung Diagnostic Division, Global Biomedical Technologies, Inc., Roseville, CA 95661, USA.
- AtheroPoint™ LLC, Roseville, CA 95661, USA.
| | - Karen Willard-Gallo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Universitè Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano (Torino), Italy.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo (Torino), Italy.
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy.
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Yang H, Zhou X, Sun L, Mao Y. Correlation Between PD-L2 Expression and Clinical Outcome in Solid Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:47. [PMID: 30891423 PMCID: PMC6413700 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway are a paradigm-shifting cancer therapy. Programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2) is another ligand of PD-1, but its prognostic significance in solid cancer patients after surgery remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to reveal the prognostic implication of PD-L2 in solid tumors through a meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library for studies reporting the relationship between PD-L2 expression and prognosis or clinicopathological features in solid cancer patients after surgery from inception to January 2018, with language restricted to English. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined to explore the prognostic value of PD-L2 expression. Odds ratios (ORs) were also calculated to investigate the relationship between PD-L2 expression and clinicopathological parameters. Results: Sixteen studies incorporating 3,533 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled results revealed that PD-L2 overexpression was a weak negative predictor for overall survival (OS; HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.05-1.81, P = 0.021), as well as a strong predictor for poor disease-free survival (DFS)/progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.15-1.81, P = 0.001). In subgroup analyses, high PD-L2 expression revealed an unfavorable prognostic prediction for OS in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.12-2.29, P = 0.011) and for DFS/PFS in HCC (HR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.04-2.16, P = 0.031) as well as clear cell renal cell carcinoma (HR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.03-2.03, P = 0.033). Moreover, PD-L2 expression implied a weak trend toward the presence of lymphatic metastasis (presence vs. absence, OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 0.98-2.65, P = 0.061). Conclusion: High PD-L2 expression may promote tumor metastasis and predict unfavorable prognosis in solid cancer patients after surgery, especially in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lejia Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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36
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Wang ZL, Li GZ, Wang QW, Bao ZS, Wang Z, Zhang CB, Jiang T. PD-L2 expression is correlated with the molecular and clinical features of glioma, and acts as an unfavorable prognostic factor. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1541535. [PMID: 30713802 PMCID: PMC6343813 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1541535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gliomas are aggressive tumors with various molecular and clinical characteristics and exhibit strongly resistance to radio-chemotherapy. Programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) is a cell surface protein, which was reported in many cancers, modulating cancer-associated immune responses, while the role of PD-L2 in gliomas remained unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the biological behaviors and clinical prognostic values of PD-L2 in gliomas. Methods: Totally, we enrolled RNA sequencing data of 325 glioma samples from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) as training cohort and RNA expression data of 1032 samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset as validation cohort in this research. Then, the clinical and molecular characteristics, and the prognostic value of PD-L2 were analyzed. Results: We found that PD-L2 expression level was significantly upregulated in higher grade glioma and IDH wild-type glioma. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that PD-L2 was a potential indicator of mesenchymal subtype. PD-L2 exhibited tight relationship with immune response and immune-modulating process in glioma. Moreover, PD-L2 expression level could predict unfavorable prognoses of patients independent of age, grade, IDH status and 1p/19q status. Conclusions: Our study revealed that PD-L2 was closely related with inflammation and immune response. Patients with lower PD-L2 expression level tended to experience improved survival. Targeting PD-L2 may become a valuable approach for the treatment of gliomas in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Liang Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Zhang Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang-Wei Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Shi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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37
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Hamada T, Zhang X, Mima K, Bullman S, Sukawa Y, Nowak JA, Kosumi K, Masugi Y, Twombly TS, Cao Y, Song M, Liu L, da Silva A, Shi Y, Gu M, Li W, Koh H, Nosho K, Inamura K, Keum N, Wu K, Meyerhardt JA, Kostic AD, Huttenhower C, Garrett WS, Meyerson M, Giovannucci EL, Chan AT, Fuchs CS, Nishihara R, Giannakis M, Ogino S. Fusobacterium nucleatum in Colorectal Cancer Relates to Immune Response Differentially by Tumor Microsatellite Instability Status. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:1327-1336. [PMID: 30228205 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinoma tissue has been associated with microsatellite instability (MSI), lower-level T-cell infiltrates, and poor clinical outcomes. Considering differences in the tumor-immune microenvironment between MSI-high and non-MSI-high carcinomas, we hypothesized that the association of F. nucleatum with immune response might differ by tumor MSI status. Using samples from 1,041 rectal and colon cancer patients within the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we measured F. nucleatum DNA in tumor tissue by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between F. nucleatum status and histopathologic lymphocytic reactions or density of CD3+ cells, CD8+ cells, CD45RO (PTPRC)+ cells, or FOXP3+ cells in strata of tumor MSI status. We adjusted for potential confounders, including CpG island methylator phenotype; LINE-1 methylation; and KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations. The association of F. nucleatum with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and intratumoral periglandular reaction differed by tumor MSI status (P interaction = 0.002). The presence of F. nucleatum was negatively associated with TIL in MSI-high tumors [multivariable odds ratio (OR), 0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22-0.92], but positively associated with TIL in non-MSI-high tumors (multivariable OR 1.91; 95% CI, 1.12-3.25). No significant differential association was observed for peritumoral lymphocytic reaction, Crohn-like lymphoid reaction, or T-cell densities. In conclusion, the association of F. nucleatum with immune response to colorectal carcinoma differs by tumor MSI status, suggesting that F. nucleatum and MSI status interact to affect antitumor immune reactions. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(11); 1327-36. ©2018 AACR See related Spotlight on p. 1290.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Bullman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yasutaka Sukawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keisuke Kosumi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tyler S Twombly
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yin Cao
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mancang Gu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Wanwan Li
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hideo Koh
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katsuhiko Nosho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kana Wu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aleksandar D Kostic
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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38
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Proctor DT, Patel Z, Lama S, Resch L, van Marle G, Sutherland GR. Identification of PD-L2, B7-H3 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoint proteins in genetic subtypes of meningioma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1512943. [PMID: 30546952 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1512943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningioma is the most common brain tumor in adults. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment. No chemotherapy exists. However, gene mutations now could explain ~ 80% of meningioma and targeted therapies based on these are being investigated. Furthermore, with the recent discovery of PD-L1 in malignant meningioma, clinical trials using immunotherapy have commenced. Here, we report for the first time the expression profiles of immune checkpoint proteins PD-L2, B7-H3 and CTLA-4 in meningioma and their association to common gene mutations. PD-L2 and B7-H3 expression was significantly greater than all immune checkpoint proteins studied, and particularly elevated in patients with gene mutations affecting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. CTLA-4 expressing CD3+ lymphocytes were observed in atypical and malignant meningioma and tumors harboring a PIK3CA or SMO mutation. These results identify novel targets for immunotherapy irrespective of grade and distinguish potential patient populations based on genetic classification for stratification into checkpoint inhibitor clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T Proctor
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Zeel Patel
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sanju Lama
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lothar Resch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Guido van Marle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Garnette R Sutherland
- Project neuroArm, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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39
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Yao H, Wang H, Li C, Fang JY, Xu J. Cancer Cell-Intrinsic PD-1 and Implications in Combinatorial Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1774. [PMID: 30105035 PMCID: PMC6077319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its two natural ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are responsible for delivering inhibitory signals that regulate the balance between T cell activation, tolerance, and immunopathology. In previous studies, PD-1 was found only expressed on the surface of immune cells, such as T cells and B cells while PD-1’s ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 were found expressed in some tumor cells. However, recent studies revealed intrinsic expression of PD-1 in melanoma and some other cancers. In melanoma cells, PD-1 can be activated by its ligand PD-L1 expressed by tumor cells, modulating downstream mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and promoting tumor growth independent of adaptive immunity. In addition to melanoma, PD-1 was also detected in liver cancer cells as well as in non-small lung cancer cells. Unlike its oncogenic functions in melanoma and hepatic carcinoma cells, PD-1 seemed to play a distinct role in lung cancer, as blockade of PD-1 instead promoted tumor cells proliferation. Tumor-intrinsic PD-1 expression seems to be widespread in many tumor types, according to our reanalysis on cancer transcriptomic and proteomic data. The multifaceted roles of PD-1 in tumor cells beyond immune checkpoint signaling may explain the differential therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 drugs and provide crucial information when developing combinatorial approaches to enhance antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MOH Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MOH Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chushu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MOH Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MOH Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MOH Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
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40
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Ogino S, Nowak JA, Hamada T, Phipps AI, Peters U, Milner DA, Giovannucci EL, Nishihara R, Giannakis M, Garrett WS, Song M. Integrative analysis of exogenous, endogenous, tumour and immune factors for precision medicine. Gut 2018; 67:1168-1180. [PMID: 29437869 PMCID: PMC5943183 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy strategies targeting immune checkpoints such as the CTLA4 and CD274 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, PD-L1)/PDCD1 (programmed cell death 1, PD-1) T-cell coreceptor pathways are revolutionising oncology. The approval of pembrolizumab use for solid tumours with high-level microsatellite instability or mismatch repair deficiency by the US Food and Drug Administration highlights promise of precision immuno-oncology. However, despite evidence indicating influences of exogenous and endogenous factors such as diet, nutrients, alcohol, smoking, obesity, lifestyle, environmental exposures and microbiome on tumour-immune interactions, integrative analyses of those factors and immunity lag behind. Immune cell analyses in the tumour microenvironment have not adequately been integrated into large-scale studies. Addressing this gap, the transdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) offers research frameworks to integrate tumour immunology into population health sciences, and link the exposures and germline genetics (eg, HLA genotypes) to tumour and immune characteristics. Multilevel research using bioinformatics, in vivo pathology and omics (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) technologies is possible with use of tissue, peripheral blood circulating cells, cell-free plasma, stool, sputum, urine and other body fluids. This immunology-MPE model can synergise with experimental immunology, microbiology and systems biology. GI neoplasms represent exemplary diseases for the immunology-MPE model, given rich microbiota and immune tissues of intestines, and the well-established carcinogenic role of intestinal inflammation. Proof-of-principle studies on colorectal cancer provided insights into immunomodulating effects of aspirin, vitamin D, inflammatory diets and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The integrated immunology-MPE model can contribute to better understanding of environment-tumour-immune interactions, and effective immunoprevention and immunotherapy strategies for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda I Phipps
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Danny A Milner
- American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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