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Yang M, Chen W, Gupta D, Mei C, Yang Y, Zhao B, Qiu L, Chen J. Nanoparticle/Engineered Bacteria Based Triple-Strategy Delivery System for Enhanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3827-3846. [PMID: 38708180 PMCID: PMC11068060 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background New treatment modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are desperately critically needed, given the lack of specificity, severe side effects, and drug resistance with single chemotherapy. Engineered bacteria can target and accumulate in tumor tissues, induce an immune response, and act as drug delivery vehicles. However, conventional bacterial therapy has limitations, such as drug loading capacity and difficult cargo release, resulting in inadequate therapeutic outcomes. Synthetic biotechnology can enhance the precision and efficacy of bacteria-based delivery systems. This enables the selective release of therapeutic payloads in vivo. Methods In this study, we constructed a non-pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) with a synchronized lysis circuit as both a drug/gene delivery vehicle and an in-situ (hepatitis B surface antigen) Ag (ASEc) producer. Polyethylene glycol (CHO-PEG2000-CHO)-poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI25k)-citraconic anhydride (CA)-doxorubicin (DOX) nanoparticles loaded with plasmid encoded human sulfatase 1 (hsulf-1) enzyme (PNPs) were anchored on the surface of ASEc (ASEc@PNPs). The composites were synthesized and characterized. The in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effect of ASEc@PNPs was tested in HepG2 cell lines and a mouse subcutaneous tumor model. Results The results demonstrated that upon intravenous injection into tumor-bearing mice, ASEc can actively target and colonise tumor sites. The lytic genes to achieve blast and concentrated release of Ag significantly increased cytokine secretion and the intratumoral infiltration of CD4/CD8+T cells, initiated a specific immune response. Simultaneously, the PNPs system releases hsulf-1 and DOX into the tumor cell resulting in rapid tumor regression and metastasis prevention. Conclusion The novel drug delivery system significantly suppressed HCC in vivo with reduced side effects, indicating a potential strategy for clinical HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijun Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Congjin Mei
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingke Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
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Zheng H, Zhang F, Monsky W, Ji H, Yang W, Yang X. Interventional Optical Imaging-Monitored Synergistic Effect of Radio-Frequency Hyperthermia and Oncolytic Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 11:821838. [PMID: 35141157 PMCID: PMC8818682 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.821838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a new interventional oncology technique using indocyanine green (ICG)-based interventional optical imaging (OI) to monitor the synergistic effect of radiofrequency hyperthermia (RFH)-enhanced oncolytic immunotherapy. Materials and Methods This study included (1) optimization of ICG dose and detection time-window for intracellular uptake by VX2 tumor cells; (2) in-vitro confirmation of capability of using ICG-based OI to assess efficacy of RFH-enhanced oncolytic therapy (LTX-401) for VX2 cells; and (3) in-vivo validation of the interventional OI-monitored, intratumoral RFH-enhanced oncolytic immunotherapy using rabbit models with orthotopic liver VX2 tumors. Both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments were divided into four study groups (n=6/group) with different treatments: (1) combination therapy of RFH+LTX-401; (2) RFH alone at 42°C for 30 min; (3) oncolytic therapy with LTX-401; and (4) control with saline. For in-vivo validation, orthotopic hepatic VX2 tumors were treated using a new multi-functional perfusion-thermal radiofrequency ablation electrode, which enabled simultaneous delivery of both LTX-401 and RFH within the tumor and at the tumor margins. Results In in-vitro experiments, taking up of ICG by VX2 cells was linearly increased from 0 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL, while ICG-signal intensity (SI) reached the peak at 24 hours. MTS assay and apoptosis analysis demonstrated the lowest cell viability and highest apoptosis in combination therapy, compared to three monotherapies (P<0.005). In in-vivo experiments, ultrasound imaging detected the smallest relative tumor volume for the combination therapy, compared to other monotherapies (P<0.005). In both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments, ICG-based interventional optical imaging detected a significantly decreased SI in combination therapy (P<0.005), which was confirmed by the “gold standard” optical/X-ray imaging (P<0.05). Pathologic/laboratory examinations further confirmed the significantly decreased cell proliferation with Ki-67 staining, significantly increased apoptotic index with TUNEL assay, and significantly increased quantities of CD8 and CD80 positive cells with immunostaining in the combination therapy group, compared to other three control groups (P<0.005). Conclusions We present a new interventional oncology technique, interventional optical imaging-monitored RFH-enhanced oncolytic immunotherapy, which may open new avenues to effectively manage those patients with larger, irregular and unresectable malignancies, not only in liver but also the possibility in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Image-Guided Biomolecular Intervention Research and Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Image-Guided Biomolecular Intervention Research and Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Wayne Monsky
- Image-Guided Biomolecular Intervention Research and Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Hongxiu Ji
- Image-Guided Biomolecular Intervention Research and Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Overlake Medical Center and Incyte Diagnostics, Bellevue, WA, United States
| | - Weizhu Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Image-Guided Biomolecular Intervention Research and Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiaoming Yang,
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Sawant SS, Patil SM, Gupta V, Kunda NK. Microbes as Medicines: Harnessing the Power of Bacteria in Advancing Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207575. [PMID: 33066447 PMCID: PMC7589870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional anti-cancer therapy involves the use of chemical chemotherapeutics and radiation and are often non-specific in action. The development of drug resistance and the inability of the drug to penetrate the tumor cells has been a major pitfall in current treatment. This has led to the investigation of alternative anti-tumor therapeutics possessing greater specificity and efficacy. There is a significant interest in exploring the use of microbes as potential anti-cancer medicines. The inherent tropism of the bacteria for hypoxic tumor environment and its ability to be genetically engineered as a vector for gene and drug therapy has led to the development of bacteria as a potential weapon against cancer. In this review, we will introduce bacterial anti-cancer therapy with an emphasis on the various mechanisms involved in tumor targeting and tumor suppression. The bacteriotherapy approaches in conjunction with the conventional cancer therapy can be effective in designing novel cancer therapies. We focus on the current progress achieved in bacterial cancer therapies that show potential in advancing existing cancer treatment options and help attain positive clinical outcomes with minimal systemic side-effects.
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Salicrup LA, Ossandon M, Prickril B, Rasooly A. Bugs as Drugs, potential self-regenerated innovative cancer therapeutics approach for global health. J Glob Health 2020; 10:010311. [PMID: 32257138 PMCID: PMC7100862 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alejandro Salicrup
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Global Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Miguel Ossandon
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ben Prickril
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Avraham Rasooly
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Broadway KM, Scharf BE. Salmonella Typhimurium as an Anticancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Perspectives. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-019-00132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bugs as Cancer Drugs: Challenges and Opportunities. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00206-19. [PMID: 31085684 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00206-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The first nonsurgical cancer therapy was bacterial therapy introduced in 1891 to treat solid tumors. Because in many cases it was harmful and ineffective, and with the emergence of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, bacterial therapy was discontinued. Motivated by the need to improve targeting of solid tumors and in light of recent progress made in developing microbial therapies, the National Cancer Institute has for the first time issued funding opportunities to stimulate research on bacterium-based cancer therapies for conditions under which current cancer therapies are inadequate.
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Suh S, Jo A, Traore MA, Zhan Y, Coutermarsh‐Ott SL, Ringel‐Scaia VM, Allen IC, Davis RM, Behkam B. Nanoscale Bacteria-Enabled Autonomous Drug Delivery System (NanoBEADS) Enhances Intratumoral Transport of Nanomedicine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801309. [PMID: 30775227 PMCID: PMC6364498 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer drug delivery remains a formidable challenge due to systemic toxicity and inadequate extravascular transport of nanotherapeutics to cells distal from blood vessels. It is hypothesized that, in absence of an external driving force, the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium could be exploited for autonomous targeted delivery of nanotherapeutics to currently unreachable sites. To test the hypothesis, a nanoscale bacteria-enabled autonomous drug delivery system (NanoBEADS) is developed in which the functional capabilities of the tumor-targeting S. Typhimurium VNP20009 are interfaced with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. The impact of nanoparticle conjugation is evaluated on NanoBEADS' invasion of cancer cells and intratumoral transport in 3D tumor spheroids in vitro, and biodistribution in a mammary tumor model in vivo. It is found that intercellular (between cells) self-replication and translocation are the dominant mechanisms of bacteria intratumoral penetration and that nanoparticle conjugation does not impede bacteria's intratumoral transport performance. Through the development of new transport metrics, it is demonstrated that NanoBEADS enhance nanoparticle retention and distribution in solid tumors by up to a remarkable 100-fold without requiring any externally applied driving force or control input. Such autonomous biohybrid systems could unlock a powerful new paradigm in cancer treatment by improving the therapeutic index of chemotherapeutic drugs and minimizing systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungBeum Suh
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringVirginia TechBlacksburgVA24061USA
| | - Ami Jo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMacromolecules Innovation InstituteVirginia TechBlacksburgVA24061USA
| | - Mahama A. Traore
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringVirginia TechBlacksburgVA24061USA
| | - Ying Zhan
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringVirginia TechBlacksburgVA24061USA
| | | | | | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and PathobiologyVirginia TechBlacksburgVA24061USA
| | - Richey M. Davis
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMacromolecules Innovation InstituteVirginia TechBlacksburgVA24061USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringVirginia TechBlacksburgVA24061USA
- Macromolecules Innovation InstituteSchool of Biomedical Engineering & SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA24061USA
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Traore MA, Sahari A, Behkam B. Construction of Bacteria-Based Cargo Carriers for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1831:25-35. [PMID: 30051422 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8661-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant recent progress in nanomedicine, drug delivery to solid tumors remains a formidable challenge often associated with low delivery efficiency and limited penetration of the drug in poorly vascularized regions of solid tumors. Attenuated strains of facultative anaerobes have been demonstrated to have exceptionally high selectivity to primary tumors and metastatic cancer, a good safety profile, and superior intratumoral penetration performance. However, bacteria have rarely been able to completely inhibit tumor growth in immunocompetent hosts solely by their presence in the tumor. We have developed a Nanoscale Bacteria-Enabled Autonomous Drug Delivery System (NanoBEADS) in which the functional capabilities of tumor-targeting bacteria are interfaced with chemotherapeutic-loaded nanoparticles, an approach that would amplify the therapeutic potential of both modalities. Here, we describe two biomanufacturing techniques to construct NanoBEADS by linking different bacterial species with polymeric theranostic vehicles. NanoBEADS are envisioned to significantly impact current practices in cancer theranostics through improved targeting and intratumoral transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahama A Traore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ali Sahari
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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