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Jovanovich N, Habib A, Chilukuri A, Hameed NUF, Deng H, Shanahan R, Head JR, Zinn PO. Sex-specific molecular differences in glioblastoma: assessing the clinical significance of genetic variants. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1340386. [PMID: 38322284 PMCID: PMC10844554 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1340386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive types of brain cancer, and despite rigorous research, patient prognosis remains poor. The characterization of sex-specific differences in incidence and overall survival (OS) of these patients has led to an investigation of the molecular mechanisms that may underlie this dimorphism. Methods We reviewed the published literature describing the gender specific differences in GBM Biology reported in the last ten years and summarized the available information that may point towards a patient-tailored GBM therapy. Results Radiomics analyses have revealed that imaging parameters predict OS and treatment response of GBM patients in a sex-specific manner. Moreover, gender-based analysis of the transcriptome GBM tumors has found differential expression of various genes, potentially impacting the OS survival of patients in a sex-dependent manner. In addition to gene expression differences, the timing (subclonal or clonal) of the acquisition of common GBM-driver mutations, metabolism requirements, and immune landscape of these tumors has also been shown to be sex-specific, leading to a differential therapeutic response by sex. In male patients, transformed astrocytes are more sensitive to glutaminase 1 (GLS1) inhibition due to increased requirements for glutamine uptake. In female patients, GBM is more sensitive to anti-IL1β due to an increased population of circulating granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (gMDSC). Conclusion Moving forward, continued elucidation of GBM sexual dimorphism will be critical in improving the OS of GBM patients by ensuring that treatment plans are structured to exploit these sex-specific, molecular vulnerabilities in GBM tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolina Jovanovich
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ahmed Habib
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Akanksha Chilukuri
- Rangos Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - N. U. Farrukh Hameed
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hansen Deng
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Regan Shanahan
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Head
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Pascal O. Zinn
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Hoogendijk R, van der Lugt J, Baugh J, Kline C, Kranendonk M, Hoving E, Kremer L, Wesseling P, Karim-Kos H, van Vuurden D. Sex-related incidence and survival differences in pediatric high-grade glioma subtypes: A population-based cohort study. iScience 2023; 26:107957. [PMID: 37810231 PMCID: PMC10558809 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Not much is known on sex differences in incidence, survival, and treatment characteristics for midline and hemispheric pHGGs. This population-based study confirms previously reported study results that found worse survival outcomes for malignant diffuse gliomas in girls in the age group 0-9 years. Additionally, in our study we pinpoint this difference to girls with midline pHGGs aged 0-4 years. We provide insight in the possible underlying mechanisms contributing to sex survival differences in pHGG patients. With first line treatment having no impact on the higher risk of dying for girls, but age and tumor characteristics having a neutralizing effect. The results of this population-based study serve as a basis for future pre-clinical and clinical studies to further unravel the underlying mechanisms responsible for the survival gap between sexes in midline pHGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoull Hoogendijk
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Josh Baugh
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cassie Kline
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Eelco Hoving
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leontien Kremer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital/ Amsterdam University Medical Center/AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers/VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henrike Karim-Kos
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Research and Innovation, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Zhong X, Peng J, Shu Z, Song Q, Li D. Prediction of p53 mutation status in rectal cancer patients based on magnetic resonance imaging-based nomogram: a study of machine learning. Cancer Imaging 2023; 23:88. [PMID: 37723592 PMCID: PMC10507842 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to construct and validate a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics nomogram to predict tumor protein p53 gene status in rectal cancer patients using machine learning. METHODS Clinical and imaging data from 300 rectal cancer patients who underwent radical resections were included in this study, and a total of 166 patients with p53 mutations according to pathology reports were included in these patients. These patients were allocated to the training (n = 210) or validation (n = 90) cohorts (7:3 ratio) according to the examination time. Using the training data set, the radiomic features of primary tumor lesions from T2-weighted images (T2WI) of each patient were analyzed by dimensionality reduction. Multivariate logistic regression was used to screen predictive features, which were combined with a radiomics model to construct a nomogram to predict p53 gene status. The accuracy and reliability of the nomograms were assessed in both training and validation data sets using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS Using the radiomics model with the training and validation cohorts, the diagnostic efficacies were 0.828 and 0.795, the sensitivities were 0.825 and 0.891, and the specificities were 0.722 and 0.659, respectively. Using the nomogram with the training and validation data sets, the diagnostic efficacies were 0.86 and 0.847, the sensitivities were 0.758 and 0.869, and the specificities were 0.833 and 0.75, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The radiomics nomogram based on machine learning was able to predict p53 gene status and facilitate preoperative molecular-based pathological diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaxuan Peng
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Shu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiaowei Song
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongxue Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Abstract
Sex differences play a large role in oncology. It has long been discussed that the incidence of different types of tumors varies by sex, and this holds in neuro-oncology. There are also profound survival sex differences, biologic factors, and treatment effects. This review aims to summarize some of the main sex differences observed in primary brain tumors and goes on to focus specifically on gliomas and meningiomas, as these are two commonly encountered primary brain tumors in clinical practice. Additionally, considerations unique to female individuals, including pregnancy and breastfeeding, are explored. This review sheds light on many of the unique attributes that must be considered when diagnosing and treating female patients with primary brain tumors in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Singer
- Department of Neurology, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Feinberg School of Medicine/Northwestern University, 675 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 20-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Ditte Primdahl
- Department of Neurology, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Feinberg School of Medicine/Northwestern University, 675 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 20-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Priya Kumthekar
- Department of Neurology, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Feinberg School of Medicine/Northwestern University, 675 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 20-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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The spectrum of sex differences in cancer. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:303-315. [PMID: 35190302 PMCID: PMC8930612 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in cellular and systems biology have been evolutionarily selected to optimize reproductive success in all species with little (sperm) and big (ova) gamete producers. They are evident from the time of fertilization and accrue throughout development through genetic, epigenetic, and circulating sex hormone-dependent mechanisms. Among other effects, they significantly impact on chromatin organization, metabolism, cell cycle regulation, immunity, longevity, and cancer risk and survival. Sex differences in cancer should be expected and accounted for in basic, translational, and clinical oncology research.
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