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Yan YY, Guo QR, Wang FH, Adhikari R, Zhu ZY, Zhang HY, Zhou WM, Yu H, Li JQ, Zhang JY. Cell-Free DNA: Hope and Potential Application in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639233. [PMID: 33693004 PMCID: PMC7938321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is easily accessible in peripheral blood and can be used as biomarkers for cancer diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics. The applications of cfDNA in various areas of cancer management are attracting attention. In this review article, we discuss the potential relevance of using cfDNA analysis in clinical oncology, particularly in cancer screening, early diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, monitoring disease progression; and determining disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Yan
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Ru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Feng-Hua Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics/Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rameshwar Adhikari
- Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Zhuang-Yan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Wen-Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, China
| | - Jing-Quan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jian-Ye Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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Guo P, Cai C, Wu X, Fan X, Huang W, Zhou J, Wu Q, Huang Y, Zhao W, Zhang F, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Fang J. An Insight Into the Molecular Mechanism of Berberine Towards Multiple Cancer Types Through Systems Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:857. [PMID: 31447670 PMCID: PMC6691338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, natural products with poly-pharmacological profiles have demonstrated promise as novel therapeutics for various complex diseases, including cancer. Berberine (PubChem CID: 2353), a soliloquies quaternary alkaloid, has been validated to exert powerful effects in many cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not yet fully elucidated. In this study, we summarized the molecular effects of berberine against multiple cancers based on current available literatures. Furthermore, a systems pharmacology infrastructure was developed to discover new cancer indications of berberine and explore their molecular mechanisms. Specifically, we incorporated 289 high-quality protein targets of berberine by integrating experimental drug-target interactions (DTIs) extracted from literatures and computationally predicted DTIs inferred by network-based inference approach. Statistical network models were developed for identification of new cancer indications of berberine through integration of DTIs and curated cancer significantly mutated genes (SMGs). High accuracy was yielded for our statistical models. We further discussed three typical cancer indications (hepatocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and bladder carcinoma) of berberine with new mechanisms of actions (MOAs) based on our systems pharmacology framework. In summary, this study systematically provides a powerful strategy to identify potential anti-cancer effects of berberine with novel mechanisms from a systems pharmacology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Experimental Animal, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuipu Cai
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xiude Fan
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Wei Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Zhou
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongbin Zhang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Geisler WM. Approaches to the management of uncomplicated genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 2:771-85. [PMID: 15482239 DOI: 10.1586/14789072.2.5.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Genital chlamydial infection remains a highly prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the USA. A multifaceted approach to the management of chlamydial infection is essential to ensure cure and prevention of reinfection. This article will review current approaches to the management of uncomplicated genital chlamydial infection, discussing: the pathogen; antimicrobials that are and are not recommended for therapy by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; partner treatment; follow-up; antimicrobial resistance; and potential future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Geisler
- University of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham STD Program, 703 19th Street South, 242 Zeigler Research Building, Birmingham, AL 35249-0007, USA.
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Female genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection: where are we heading? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2012; 285:1271-85. [PMID: 22350326 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urogenital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the world. C. trachomatis is the etiologic agent of several common genital tract syndromes such as urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease in women. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, the pathophysiology of a chlamydial infection as well as diagnosis, therapy and prevention strategies regarding female chlamydial infection are reviewed. RESULTS A chlamydial infection results in minimal or even no symptoms in approximately two-thirds of women, remaining therefore clinically apparent and undiagnosed. C. trachomatis infections are of great socioeconomic and public health concern due to the potential for severe long-term consequences in women, including an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, tubal infertility and chronic pelvic pain. Moreover, if the bacterium is transmitted during labor to a newborn, it can cause ophthalmia neonatorum and atypical neonatal pneumonia. Due to the documented increased risk of morbidity, several national guidelines are available, including a routine screening for young women and screening during pregnancy that is recommended in several countries. DISCUSSION A routine screening for young women and screening during pregnancy is recommended in several countries. However, additional prospective studies of the effectiveness of chlamydia screening are warranted and might be feasible within established screening programs. Moreover, the transition from cervicitis to infertility should be also evaluated in future controlled studies to underline the existing evidence. Additionally, there is an urgent need to educate and inform health-care providers about implementation of screening programs to reduce the spread of chlamydial infection. Moreover, awareness and use of screening programs by the public is needed, which requires informational campaigns for the general public using different media. For improved screening strategies and public awareness, novel approaches have to be developed and evaluated. Finally, guidelines should be actively disseminated to all medical practitioners to increase their use in daily practice. Although the major socioeconomic and public health concerns of C. trachomatis infection are recognized, several considerations and additional measures for addressing this increasingly urgent health problem remain.
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Abstract
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are common and happen more frequently in younger patients. These adolescents have unique risks of acquiring infection because of developing psychosocial skills, biological factors and sociocultural barriers. The clinician must be adept at identifying and modifying these risks through knowledge of the adolescent stages of development and biology, with good history and examination skills that make teens comfortable during their evaluation, and with patient education and treatment. Whereas patient compliance and partner notification can be problematic in any population, teenagers may be more prone not to follow through on these issues. While compliance may notbe as important as previously thought, there is a dearth of studies of patient compliance and STD treatment in adolescents. Guidelines for the treatment of STDs were published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 1998 and the Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases in 1999. Most of the data obtained to formulate these guidelines were not necessarily adolescent specific and few studies, if any, have included adolescent patients since the CDC document was published. In the treatment of chlamydia, it appears that even with relative noncompliance with the 7-day regimen of doxycycline, it is as effective as single dose azithromycin. This has implications in cost control, important for centres with limited funds for treatment. While fluoroquinolone-resistant gonorrhoea has been reported for some time, the number of reports in the US is increasing, with a recent report of decreased susceptibility to azithromycin. As many studies have shown efficacy with single agent therapy with azithromycin in combined gonococcal and chlamydial infection, one must view these new resistance data with concern and give serious consideration to dual agent treatment, especially in the locale of the practitioner. Also, fluoroquinolone use is not advised in patients under the age of 18 years at present because of concerns of adverse effects on cartilage. While not much has changed from the 1998 guidelines for most of the other STDs, there seems to be a general trend in treating pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) on an outpatient basis if good follow-up is assured, even in the adolescent population. There is still debate on whether anaerobe coverage is needed in PID without tubo-ovarian abscess or other complications. One other update includes the use of daily metronidazole gel instead of twice daily usage in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. With the lack of studies specific to adolescents, it is left up to the clinician to tailor the treatment of adolescents on the basis of current guidelines and patient preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Lehmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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