Assignment of the human PLC delta3 gene (PLCD3) to human chromosome band 17q21 by fluorescence in situ hybridization

PLCD3 inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation, invasion and migration in gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous disease whose development is accompanied by alterations in a variety of pathogenic genes. The phospholipase C Delta 3 enzyme is a member of the phospholipase C family, which controls substance transport between cells in the body. However, its role in gastric cancer has not been discovered. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and mechanism of action of PLCD3 in connection to gastric cancer. By Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, PLCD3 mRNA and protein expression levels were measured, with high PLCD3 expression suggesting poor prognosis. In N87 and HGC-27 cells, the silencing of PLCD3 using small interfering RNA effectively induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Conversely, overexpression of PLCD3 using overexpressed plasmids inhibited apoptosis in AGS and BGC-823 cells and promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion. In order to investigate the underlying mechanisms, we conducted further analysis of PLCD3, which indicates that this protein is closely related to the cell cycle and EMT. Additionally, we found that overexpression of PLCD3 inhibits apoptosis and promotes the development of GC cells through JAK2/STAT3 signaling. In conclusion, PLCD3 inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation, invasion, and migration, which indicated that PLCD3 might serve as a therapeutic target for gastric cancer.

Phospholipase C Delta 3 inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer cells via Hippo pathway

In recent decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has rapidly increased, leading us to explore the complex underlying mechanisms. We identified the gene Phospholipase C Delta 3 (PLCD3) as a potential oncogene in TC by conducting the whole transcriptome sequencing. Our study is to understand the oncogenic role of PLCD3 in TC. We verified the overexpression of PLCD3 in TC from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus databases, and a locally validated cohort. Clinical correlation analysis showed that PLCD3 expression was related to histological type, T stage, lymph node metastasis (LNM), and disease stage. The high expression of PLCD3 could be a distinguishing factor for TC and its LNM. The biological function was examined using small interfering RNA-transfected TC cell lines. Silenced PLCD3 could inhibit colony formation, migration, and invasion ability and promote apoptosis of TC cell lines. PLCD3 silencing reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition but induced the apoptotic progress. Further exploration revealed that PLCD3 might be associated with critical genes of the Hippo pathway. The expressions of RHOA, YAP1/TAZ, and their downstream targets were decreased significantly when PLCD3 was down-regulated. YAP1 overexpression rescued the tumor-suppressive effect caused by PLCD3 silencing. This study demonstrates that PLCD3 is an oncogene that supports tumorigenesis and progression in TC, and PLCD3 may be a potential target gene for TC treatment.

Expression of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C enzymes in normal endometrium and in endometriosis

OBJECTIVE

To delineate the panel of expression of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) signaling enzymes in normal endometrium and in endometriosis.

DESIGN

Clinical/experimental study.

SETTING

University.

PATIENT(S)

Healthy donor woman and endometriosis-affected woman.

INTERVENTION(S)

Normal endometrium and endometriosis surgical biopsies were analyzed using gene expression analyses methodology (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction [PCR], bioanalyses).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)

Gene expression (messenger RNA concentration) measures of 12 PI-PLC enzymes: PI-PLC β1, PI-PLC β2, PI-PLC β3, PI-PLC β4, PI-PLC γ1, PI-PLC γ2, PI-PLC δ1, PI-PLC δ3, PI-PLC δ4, PI-PLC ε, PI-PLC η1, and PI-PLC η2.

RESULT(S)

PI-PLC β1, PI-PLC β3, PI-PLC δ1, and PI-PLC δ3 enzymes were detected, although differently expressed in normal and endometriosis tissues.

CONCLUSION(S)

The involvement of PI-PLC enzymes in inflammation and the consistency of susceptible endometriosis loci with PI-PLC genes mapping corroborate the hypothesis that PI signaling might be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Downregulation of phospholipase C delta3 by cAMP and calcium

Four different isoforms of mammalian phospholipase C delta (PLCdelta) have been described. PLCdelta1, the best-understood isoform, is activated by an atypical GTP-binding protein. It has been suggested that it is a calcium signal amplifier. However, very less is known about other subtypes, including PLCdelta3. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the expression of PLCdelta3 in different human tissues. Moreover, the cellular underlying regulation for PLCdelta3 was studied in different cell lines. Our study showed that the mRNA and protein levels differed significantly among human tissues. The human PLCdelta3 gene was composed of 15 exons and 1 putative cAMP response element in the 5'-end promoter region. PLCdelta3 mRNA expression was downregulated by cAMP and calcium in both the human normal embryonic lung tissue diploid WI38 cell line and the glioblastoma/astrocytoma U373 cell line. However, mRNA expression showed no impact by PKC activators or inhibitors. This study shows the human PLCdelta3 expression pattern and is the first report that PLCdelta3 gene expression is downregulation by cAMP and calcium.