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Kang SW, Lee SH, Lee YS, Kwon S, Bosch P, Lee YJ, Ha IH. Association between depression and quality of life in stroke patients: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV–VII (2008–2018). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269010. [PMID: 35700184 PMCID: PMC9197050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke and depression are common diseases that affect quality of life (QoL). Although some recent studies have investigated the association between the two diseases, studies that examined the association between stroke, depression, and QoL are rare, with large-scale national-level studies lacking. We aimed to investigate the association between depression and QoL in stroke patients. Methods Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV–VII conducted in 2008–2018 were used, and 45,741 adults who were aged >40 years and had no missing data for stroke and depression were included in the analysis. The participants were first grouped by prevalence of stroke, and further divided by prevalence of depression. Results The overall prevalence of stroke was 3.2%, and the incidence was 9% higher in men than in women. Multiple logistic regression was performed after adjusting for demographic factors, health-related factors, and disease-related factors. The results confirmed that the stroke group with depression had a lower overall health-related quality of life, measured using EQ-5D, score compared to the stroke group without depression (-0.15). Moreover, the concurrent stroke and depression treatment group had the highest OR of 7.28 (95% CI 3.28–16.2) for the anxiety/depression domain. Conclusion Depression was strongly associated with QoL in stroke patients. This association was more evident in stroke patients undergoing treatment for depression. Thus, clinical approaches that take QoL into consideration are needed for stroke patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Kang
- Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Hyun Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Kwon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Peggy Bosch
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yoon Jae Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kawasaki T, Tozawa R. Grit in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Low Back Pain Is Related to Self-Physical Training Habits. PM R 2020; 12:984-989. [PMID: 31901016 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-management is an effective way to manage chronic low back pain (LBP) and is frequently recommended. However, the psychological aspects, including grit (ie, perseverance and passion for long-term goals), of the habit of self-management remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between grit and the self-directed exercise. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Community-dwelling older adults. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-nine older adults with LBP (30 men, 29 women; mean age 72 ± 5 years, range 65-82 years). INTERVENTION Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome measures included grit scores on the Short Grit Scale and the number of months performing self-directed exercise. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between participants' grit and duration of self-directed exercise. RESULTS A significant positive correlation between grit and the duration of self-directed exercise habits was observed (r = 0.49, P < .001). Furthermore, in multiple regression analysis, grit was a significant factor of the duration of self-directed exercise. CONCLUSION Low grit was associated with reduced self-directed exercise in individuals with LBP self-directed exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Kawasaki
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, School of Human and Social Sciences, Tokyo International University, Kawagoe-City, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tozawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Ryotokuji University, Urayasu-City, Japan
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Simblett SK, Yates M, Wagner AP, Watson P, Gracey F, Ring H, Bateman A. Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Treat Emotional Distress After Stroke: A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2017; 4:e16. [PMID: 28566265 PMCID: PMC5471343 DOI: 10.2196/mental.6022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are common complications following stroke. Symptoms could be treatable with psychological therapy, but there is little research on its efficacy. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate (1) the acceptability and feasibility of computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) to treat symptoms of depression and anxiety and (2) a trial design for comparing the efficacy of cCBT compared with an active comparator. METHODS Of the total 134 people screened for symptoms of depression and anxiety following stroke, 28 were cluster randomized in blocks with an allocation ratio 2:1 to cCBT (n=19) or an active comparator of computerized cognitive remediation therapy (cCRT, n=9). Qualitative and quantitative feedback was sought on the acceptability and feasibility of both interventions, alongside measuring levels of depression, anxiety, and activities of daily living before, immediately after, and 3 months post treatment. RESULTS Both cCBT and cCRT groups were rated as near equally useful (mean = 6.4 vs 6.5, d=0.05), while cCBT was somewhat less relevant (mean = 5.5 vs 6.5, d=0.45) but somewhat easier to use (mean = 7.0 vs 6.3, d=0.31). Participants tolerated randomization and dropout rates were comparable with similar trials, with only 3 participants discontinuing due to potential adverse effects; however, dropout was higher from the cCBT arm (7/19, 37% vs 1/9, 11% for cCRT). The trial design required small alterations and highlighted that future-related studies should control for participants receiving antidepressant medication, which significantly differed between groups (P=.05). Descriptive statistics of the proposed outcome measures and qualitative feedback about the cCBT intervention are reported. CONCLUSIONS A pragmatic approach is required to deliver computerized interventions to accommodate individual needs. We report a preliminary investigation to inform the development of a full randomized controlled trial for testing the efficacy of computerized interventions for people with long-term neurological conditions such as stroke and conclude that this is a potentially promising way of improving accessibility of psychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Simblett
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Yates
- Oliver Zangwill Centre for Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, Ely, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Watson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fergus Gracey
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Oliver Zangwill Centre for Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, Ely, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Ring
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bateman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) East of England, Cambridgeshire & Peterborough Foundation NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Oliver Zangwill Centre for Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, Ely, United Kingdom
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Chang MC. The effects of ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection for the treatment of hemiplegic shoulder pain on depression and anxiety in patients with chronic stroke. Int J Neurosci 2017; 127:958-964. [PMID: 28076692 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2017.1281274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Rueda B, Pérez-García AM. A Prospective Study of the Effects of Psychological Resources and Depression in Essential Hypertension. J Health Psychol 2016; 11:129-40. [PMID: 16314386 DOI: 10.1177/1359105306058868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the influence of perceived health competence (PHC) and coping strategies in hypertension. Depressive mood state and dimensions of quality of life (QOL) (social support, satisfaction, well-being and free time) were also considered. One hundred and fifty participants were surveyed cross-sectionally and prospectively. Regression analysis revealed that the main predictors of the dimensions of QOL were PHC and depressive mood state. Emotional coping negatively predicted well-being. Unexpectedly, task-focused coping was unrelated to QOL domains. Longitudinal analyses did not support these relations. The data suggest that, in hypertension, PHC constitutes an important resource, whereas depressive mood state deteriorates QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rueda
- Department of Personality Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Spain.
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Baek IH, Lee T, Song M, Goo BO. Effect of Circuit Class Training for Eight Weeks on Changes in Ratios of F-Trp/BCAAs and Depression in People with Poststroke Depression. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:243-6. [PMID: 24648640 PMCID: PMC3944297 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of
circuit class training (CCT) on poststroke depression through changes in branched-chain
amino acids (BCAAs) (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) and free-tryptophan (f-Trp).
[Subjects] The study subjects were 40 stroke patients with major depressive disorder. The
subjects were group-matched into an experimental and a control group according to sex,
age, height, and weight. [Methods] The experimental CCT group performed gradual
task-oriented CCT (80 min per session). The control group performed stretching exercises
and weight bearing exercises (80 min per session). Both groups performed the exercises
three times per week for eight weeks (24 sessions). Blood samples were collected
immediately before the exercise (9:10 a.m.) and after the exercise (10:30 a.m.), every two
weeks for eight weeks. [Results] The f-Trp/BCAAs ratio in the CCT group showed a
significant increase compared to the control group over time. [Conclusion] The results
show that the CCT may help to improve depression in people with poststroke depression
(PSD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hun Baek
- Department of Physical Therapy, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesik Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Song
- Department of Physical Therapy, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Goo
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Republic of Korea
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Tang WK, Lau CG, Mok V, Ungvari GS, Wong KS. Impact of anxiety on health-related quality of life after stroke: a cross-sectional study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013; 94:2535-2541. [PMID: 23911556 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of anxiety on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of stroke survivors. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Acute stroke unit in a regional hospital. PARTICIPANTS Patients (N=374) from an acute stroke unit. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The presence of anxiety was defined as a score of ≥8 on the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. HRQOL was measured by the total score and 12 domain scores of the Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SSQOL) scale. Demographic characteristics and history of medical conditions were also recorded. Clinical characteristics were obtained using the following scales: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Barthel Index, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). RESULTS Eighty-six (23%) stroke survivors had anxiety. The anxiety group had significantly more women (62.8% vs 35.1%), higher GDS scores (7.5±4.5 vs 3.5±3.6), and lower scores for total SSQOL (3.9±0.6 vs 4.5±0.6) and SSQOL domains of energy (2.0±1.2 vs 3.4±1.4), mood (3.6±1.5 vs 4.6±0.9), personality (3.4±1.7 vs 4.4±1.1), and thinking (2.4±1.2 vs 3.5±1.4), after adjustment for sex and GDS score. In subsequent multivariate regression analysis, the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale anxiety score was negatively associated with the SSQOL total score (r=-.154) and 5 of the 12 domain scores, namely energy (r=-.29), mood (r=-.102), personality (r=-.195), thinking (r=-.136), and work/productivity (r=-.096). CONCLUSIONS Anxiety has a negative effect on HRQOL of stroke survivors, independent from depression. Interventions for anxiety should improve stroke survivors' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kwong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Chieh Grace Lau
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ka-Sing Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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9
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Morris JH, van Wijck F, Joice S, Donaghy M. Predicting health related quality of life 6 months after stroke: the role of anxiety and upper limb dysfunction. Disabil Rehabil 2012; 35:291-9. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2012.691942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Scholich SL, Hallner D, Wittenberg RH, Hasenbring MI, Rusu AC. The relationship between pain, disability, quality of life and cognitive-behavioural factors in chronic back pain. Disabil Rehabil 2012; 34:1993-2000. [PMID: 22458419 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2012.667187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This pilot study systematically examined the correlations between the outcome variables pain intensity, disability and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and between these outcomes and known psychological risk factors for chronic low back pain (CLBP), such as depression, trait anxiety, avoidance- and endurance-related pain responses at two different assessment points. METHOD Data from 52 CLBP inpatients treated in an orthopedic clinic were investigated at two points in time: during the first days after admission and 6 months after the termination of the inpatient treatment. Bivariate relationships between pain intensity, disability, HRQOL and psychological variables were examined with the help of Pearson product moment correlations. Furthermore, the differences that exist between correlations at baseline and follow-up were tested for significance. RESULTS Significant and large differences were found between the correlations with low correlations at baseline and high correlations at the follow-up. Furthermore, HRQOL showed a positive correlation with endurance-related and a negative correlation with avoidance-related pain responses. CONCLUSIONS Focusing on a systematic comparison of two significant assessment time points in CLBP with an acute exacerbation at baseline, the results of this study underlined the recurrent course of LBP. The results highlight that the assessment time points play an important role in CLBP. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION • Low back pain is a major public health problem with high direct and indirect back-pain-related costs. • Chronic low back pain is a disabling disease which restricts quality of life. • Psychological factors may have a larger impact on disability and quality of life than pain itself. • The recurrent course of low back pain highlights the importance of multidisciplinary pain management even during acute exacerbations of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Scholich
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Orenius T, Koskela T, Koho P, Pohjolainen T, Kautiainen H, Haanpää M, Hurri H. Anxiety and depression are independent predictors of quality of life of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. J Health Psychol 2012; 18:167-75. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105311434605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the relative impact of baseline anxiety, depression and fear of movement on health related quality of life at 12-month follow-up after a multidisciplinary pain management programme. One hundred and eleven patients who had chronic musculoskeletal pain (mean age 45 years, 65% women) attended during 2003–2005 a multidisciplinary three-phase pain management programme with a total time frame of six to seven months, totalling 19 days. The Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to rate anxiety, the Beck Depression Inventory depression, the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia fear of movement. The generic 15D questionnaire was used to assess health related quality of life. Baseline data were collected at admission, follow-up data at 12 months. Mean health related quality of life increased significantly from baseline to 12-month follow-up. Anxiety at baseline predicted significant negative change in the health related quality of life, depression predicted significant positive change in the health related quality of life. Fear of movement did not predict any significant change in the health related quality of life. We concluded that patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and mild to moderate depression benefit from a multidisciplinary pain management programme in contrast to anxious patients. The findings imply further research with bigger sample sizes, other than HRQoL outcome measures as well as with other groups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tage Orenius
- ORTON Rehabilitation Centre Ltd, ORTON Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Petteri Koho
- ORTON Rehabilitation Centre Ltd, ORTON Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Pohjolainen
- ORTON Rehabilitation Centre Ltd, ORTON Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- ORTON Rehabilitation Centre Ltd, ORTON Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Family Practice, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Maija Haanpää
- ORTON Rehabilitation Centre Ltd, ORTON Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
- Etera Mutual Pension Insurance Company, Finland
| | - Heikki Hurri
- ORTON Rehabilitation Centre Ltd, ORTON Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
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Chen YK, Wong KS, Mok V, Ungvari GS, Tang WK. Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Poststroke Emotional Incontinence. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2011; 92:1659-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Kakehata J, Yamaguchi T, Togashi H, Sakuma I, Otani H, Morimoto Y, Yoshioka M. Therapeutic Potentials of an Artificial Oxygen-Carrier, Liposome-Encapsulated Hemoglobin, for Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cerebral Dysfunction in Rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 114:189-97. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10115fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Poynter B, Shuman Hon M, Diaz-Granados N, Kapral M, Grace SL, Stewart DE. Sex Differences in the Prevalence of Post-Stroke Depression: A Systematic Review. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0033-3182(09)70857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Siegert RJ, McPherson KM, Taylor WJ. Toward a cognitive-affective model of goal-setting in rehabilitation: is self-regulation theory a key step? Disabil Rehabil 2009; 26:1175-83. [PMID: 15371017 DOI: 10.1080/09638280410001724834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this article is to argue that self-regulation theory might offer a useful model for clinical practice, theory-building and empirical research on goal-setting in rehabilitation. METHOD Relevant literature on goal-setting and motivation in rehabilitation is considered and some problematic issues for current practice and future research are highlighted. Carver and Scheier's self-regulation theory and its application to rehabilitation research is examined. RESULTS It is argued that self-regulation theory offers a robust theoretical framework for goal-setting and one in which the salient concepts of motivation and emotion are prominent. CONCLUSIONS Self-regulation theory offers a potentially useful heuristic framework for rehabilitation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Siegert
- Rehabilitation Teaching and Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to categorize and analyze the most stressful situations perceived by stroke patients during a period of 6 months after experiencing a stroke. The events that have an impact on the subjective well-being and the intensity of the stress are also investigated. A clinic-based sample of 82 hospitalized stroke patients were studied 4 times after the stroke incident. They were asked to describe and appraise the most stressful event or situation that had affected them during the last 3 days. The data analysis was conducted according to phenomenological and hermeneutical methods. The study was approved by the Regional Committee for Ethics in Medical Research. The reported difficulties after a stroke have been separated into 5 categories: 1) impairments and disabilities in bodily functions; 2) communication and memory problems; 3) negative thoughts, depression and loneliness; 4) anxiety, fear, and worries; and 5) anger. Stressful situations in the first category were the most frequently reported, while those in the fourth category increased during the first 2 weeks after discharge, but decreased again within 3 months after the stroke. Encounters in the second category were less reported over time while those in the third category tended to become a more stable emotional state. Some interviewees expressed anger (category five). Few described relief or no difficulties at all. In total, the intensity of the stressful events decreased strongly. The increased occurrence of anxiety, fear, and worries during the first weeks after discharge from hospital gives rise to concern. These strains coincide with the withdrawal of health services.
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Ye L, Liang ZA, Weaver TE. Predictors of health-related quality of life in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. J Adv Nurs 2008; 63:54-63. [PMID: 18598251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This paper is a report of a study to identify the common symptoms and demographic and physiological factors of obstructive sleep apnoea that are predictive of health-related quality of life in a Chinese population. BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life impairment in obstructive sleep apnoea is an increasingly important consideration, but little is known about the factors that influence quality of life in this population. METHOD A total of 108 Chinese patients with newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea were recruited in 2003 and assessed for health-related quality of life, daytime sleepiness, depression and anxiety. Associations between symptoms, demographic and physiological factors and quality of life were examined by Pearson linear correlation. Hierarchical multiple regression were used to determine predictors of overall quality of life and its dimensions. RESULTS Forty-six patients (42.6%) had depressed mood and 21 (19.4%) were anxious. Fifty-nine (54.6%) were hypersomnolent. The severity of symptoms of sleepiness, depression, and anxiety was statistically significantly inversely correlated with each domain and the total score for health-related quality of life. No statistically significant correlation was observed between disease severity and quality of life. Controlling for age and gender, anxiety and sleepiness predicted 45.2% of the variance of overall quality of life (R(2) = 0.452, P < 0.001). Anxiety was the strongest predictor of overall and each domain of health-related quality of life. CONCLUSION Assessment of mood in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea should be an essential part of nursing practice. Comprehensive evaluation of symptoms, especially mood disturbance, is important for improving quality of life for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuan Ye
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Ni Mhaolain AM, Butler JS, Magill PF, Wood AE, Sheehan J. The increased need for liaison psychiatry in surgical patients due to the high prevalence of undiagnosed anxiety and depression. Ir J Med Sci 2008; 177:211-5. [PMID: 18256873 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-008-0124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the most common mental disease in patients hospitalized with physical illness. Disorders of anxiety and depression in general hospitals are frequently underdiagnosed and inappropriately treated. AIM To assess the prevalence of undiagnosed anxiety and depression in surgical inpatients and assess the referral rate and utilization of liaison psychiatry services. METHODS A prospective study of surgical admissions (n = 96) to two surgical services at two separate institutions between 01/01/05 and 31/12/05. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HADS) scale was used to evaluate all patients. RESULTS About 12.5% of patients had significant depression, 18.75% had significant anxiety, and 8.3% had significant mixed anxiety and depression. About 22.9% of patients warranted referral to liaison psychiatry services for further assessment and management. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent in surgical inpatients. An increased awareness of the possibility of undiagnosed psychiatric disorders is required, along with prompt and appropriate use of liaison psychiatry services.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ni Mhaolain
- Liaison Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St, Dublin 7, Ireland.
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Staats P, Whitworth M, Barakat M, Anderson W, Lilienfeld S. The Use of Implanted Programmable Infusion Pumps in the Management of Nonmalignant, Chronic Low-Back Pain. Neuromodulation 2007; 10:376-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2007.00127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Background Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in Western countries and is related to increased morbidity and mortality from medical conditions and decreased quality of life. The sociodemographic factors of age, gender, marital status, education, immigrant status, and income have consistently been identified as important factors in explaining the variability in depression prevalence rates. This study evaluates the relationship between depression and these sociodemographic factors in the province of Ontario in Canada using the Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 1.2 (CCHS-1.2) dataset. Methods The CCHS-1.2 survey classified depression into lifetime depression and 12-month depression. The data were collected based on unequal sampling probabilities to ensure adequate representation of young persons (15 to 24) and seniors (65 and over). The sampling weights were used to estimate the prevalence of depression in each subgroup of the population. The multiple logistic regression technique was used to estimate the odds ratio of depression for each sociodemographic factor. Results The odds ratio of depression for men compared with women is about 0.60. The lowest and highest rates of depression are seen among people living with their married partners and divorced individuals, respectively. Prevalence of depression among people who live with common-law partners is similar to rates of depression among separated and divorced individuals. The lowest and highest rates of depression based on the level of education is seen among individuals with less than secondary school and those with "other post-secondary" education, respectively. Prevalence of 12-month and lifetime depression among individuals who were born in Canada is higher compared to Canadian residents who immigrated to Canada irrespective of gender. There is an inverse relation between income and the prevalence of depression (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The patterns uncovered in this dataset are consistent with previously reported prevalence rates for Canada and other Western countries. The negative relation between age and depression after adjusting for some sociodemographic factors is consistent with some previous findings and contrasts with some older findings that the relation between age and depression is U-shaped. The rate of depression among individuals living common-law is similar to that of separated and divorced individuals, not married individuals, with whom they are most often grouped in other studies.
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21
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Abstract
Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) is a clinical dementia syndrome in which language functions decline over time while other cognitive domains remain relatively preserved for at least 2 years. Because PPA patients suffer progressive interference with communication despite relatively preserved memory, reasoning, and insight, there is reason to believe they may experience depression. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores from PPA patients and normal controls were compared, the relationship between GDS and neuropsychological test scores was examined, and responses to items on the GDS were explored and grouped by the GDS factor structure. A significant proportion of PPA patients scored in the clinically depressed range. Although PPA patients as a group were not clinically depressed, they reported more symptoms of depression than controls, and the number of symptoms correlated with severity of naming impairment in depressed PPA patients. Symptoms of social withdrawal and lack of mental and physical energy were most common, suggesting that patients with PPA should be evaluated for depression so that they may be appropriately treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Medina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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22
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Höfer S, Doering S, Rumpold G, Oldridge N, Benzer W. Determinants of health-related quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 13:398-406. [PMID: 16926670 DOI: 10.1097/00149831-200606000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is increasingly being assessed as an outcome parameter, especially in chronic diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), in which the goal of treatment is not only to prolong life but also to relieve symptoms and improve function. DESIGN This study was carried out as a non-randomized prospective multicentre study. METHODS Patients (N = 432) with CAD were assessed at baseline, 1 and 3 months after treatment assignment [medication, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)]. HRQL was assessed using the MacNew Heart Disease Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire (MacNew) and the Short Form 36 (SF-36). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Routine clinical data including disease severity were collected. RESULTS The short and intermediate-term results revealed HRQL differences between PCI and CABG in the month immediately after intervention despite the almost identical reduction in angina severity over the first month in both groups. PCI was associated with a relatively rapid increase in HRQL in the first month, with little further change by 3 months. In contrast, after CABG there was an initial deterioration in HRQL, which then improved significantly. The change in depression and anxiety score uniquely accounted for most of the change in the SF-36 (6%, 64%) and MacNew scales (4%, 69%), whereas treatment accounted for less than 1% in any HRQL scale score changes. CONCLUSIONS There appears to be evidence suggesting that HRQL changes after treatments in patients with CAD may be more strongly influenced by mood disturbance than by treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Höfer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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23
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Ferguson CJ, Stanley M, Souchek J, Kunik ME. The utility of somatic symptoms as indicators of depression and anxiety in military veterans with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Depress Anxiety 2006; 23:42-9. [PMID: 16315269 DOI: 10.1002/da.20136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The interrelationship between medical illnesses and psychological distress has received increasing attention in the last several years. Partly at issue is the best way to diagnose mental health problems such as depression and anxiety in medical populations. Specifically, are somatic symptoms a valid indicator of depression and anxiety in a medical population? Furthermore, do anxiety and depression remain as distinct constructs for this population, or do they combine to represent general distress? We examine these issues using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 202 military veterans with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results indicate best fit for a model of depression and anxiety for which the constructs remained separate rather than as combined indicators of general distress. Furthermore, in this model, somatic symptoms are retained as valid indicators of psychological distress for this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Ferguson
- Department of Behavioral, Applied Sciences, and Criminal Justice, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas, USA.
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Rampello L, Battaglia G, Raffaele R, Vecchio I, Alvano A. Is it safe to use antidepressants after a stroke? Expert Opin Drug Saf 2005; 4:885-97. [PMID: 16111451 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.4.5.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Depression is an important complication of stroke. Although antidepressants are widely used for the treatment of poststroke depression (PSD), prescription is critically influenced by their safety, tolerability and by the impact on co-morbidities. The authors reviewed the literature on the use of antidepressants after stroke. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors are effective and have a good profile of safety and tolerability in PSD. They are, therefore, used as first-line drugs in the treatment of PSD, although potential cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects, drug-drug interactions and intolerability in a minority of patients have to be considered. Other antidepressants appear to be safe and effective in selected patients. PSD patients should be classified according to their clinical profile for the selection of the drug of choice in particular sub-groups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liborio Rampello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Azienda Policlinico, via S. Sofia, 78 95123 Catania, Italy.
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25
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Baumeister H, Balke K, Härter M. Psychiatric and somatic comorbidities are negatively associated with quality of life in physically ill patients. J Clin Epidemiol 2005; 58:1090-100. [PMID: 16223651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2004] [Revised: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The relationship between somatic and psychiatric comorbidity in patients with somatic diseases and diverse outcome variables like mortality, costs, and duration of treatment is often examined and confirmed. In the last years, quality of life (QoL) as another important outcome variable received more attention. METHODS The present review comprises a summary of associations between comorbidity and QoL in patients with somatic diseases. For this reason a search for somatic diseases was performed, including metabolic, respiratory tract, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, cancer, digestive system, and general somatic diseases. Four hundred eighty-one studies were found, of which 45 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Overall, there are mostly significant negative correlations between comorbidity and QoL. Predominantly, this applies to somatic-psychiatric comorbidity, which accounts for 70.3% (psychosocial aspects of QoL) to 100% (QoL in general) significantly lowered QoL results. Somatic-somatic comorbidities are primarily associated with somatic aspects of QoL (56.5-80.7% significant results), while psychosocial aspects as well as QoL in general are significantly associated in 8.3% to 71.7% of all calculations. CONCLUSION It is of high relevance for life quality research and clinical practice to pay attention to comorbidity. Methodological shortcomings should be taken into account in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Baumeister
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg University Medical Center, Section of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Germany.
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26
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Gimbel J, Linn R, Hale M, Nicholson B. Lidocaine Patch Treatment in Patients with Low Back Pain: Results of an Open-Label, Nonrandomized Pilot Study. Am J Ther 2005; 12:311-9. [PMID: 16041194 DOI: 10.1097/01.mjt.0000164828.57392.ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This prospective, 6-week, multicenter, open-label, nonrandomized pilot study was designed to assess the effectiveness and safety of a lidocaine patch 5% in patients with low back pain (LBP). Patients with moderate to severe LBP, defined as acute/subacute (< 3 months, n = 21), short-term chronic (3-12 months, n = 33), or long-term chronic (> 12 months, n = 77), were recruited from 5 clinics; participants applied < or = 4 patches (560 cm total) once daily to area of maximal LBP as add-on treatment through week 2, with the option to taper concomitant analgesics during weeks 3-6. Scores on Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) were obtained at weeks 2 and 6. Safety analyses included reports of adverse events (AEs) and skin sensitivity to pinprick/light touch. Significant improvements in average daily pain intensity on the BPI were noted at weeks 2 and 6 (P < or = 0.001). Significant improvements in pain interference with quality of life (QOL) were noted for all BPI measures of QOL at weeks 2 and 6 for the acute/subacute (P < or = 0.007) and long-term chronic LBP groups (P < 0.0001) and for 5 of 7 BPI measures for the short-term chronic LBP group (P < or = 0.042). Fifty-eight percent of patients reported being "satisfied" or "very satisfied" with treatment. The lidocaine patch was well tolerated. Most common AEs were dizziness and rash (n = 5, 3.8%), and most AEs (80%) were mild to moderate in intensity. Significant improvement in pain intensity and QOL in this cohort of LBP patients was noted during treatment with the lidocaine patch 5%. Controlled clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Gimbel
- Arizona Research Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85023, USA.
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27
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Horng YS, Hwang YH, Wu HC, Liang HW, Mhe YJ, Twu FC, Wang JD. Predicting health-related quality of life in patients with low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005; 30:551-5. [PMID: 15738789 DOI: 10.1097/01.brs.0000154623.20778.f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional surveys of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with low back pain at ambulatory clinics plus 8 weeks of follow-up. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to predict the HRQOL in patients with low back pain. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA There is disagreement on the relative contribution of pain, physical impairment, functional status, and psychological factors on the disability and HRQOL in patients with low back pain. METHODS Data were collected from 232 patients with low back pain who were consecutively recruited from several clinics of physical medicine and rehabilitation. Every patient received physical examination and completed a set of questionnaire, including the Taiwan version of the Brief Questionnaire of the World Health Organization on quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), Modified Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire, and visual analogue scale for pain intensity and for HRQOL. These patients were observed with a mail questionnaire 8 weeks later. The results of WHOQOL-BREF were also compared to those obtained from another 213 healthy volunteers who were accompanied persons with patients, volunteer workers in hospitals, and hospital employees. RESULTS Results showed that there were significant correlations of HRQOL with pain intensity, disability scale, and disability days. Among the results of physical examination, lumbosacral radiculopathy was the only factor with moderate correlation with HRQOL. The significant predictors for HRQOL included physical domain, psychological domain, pain intensity, and family income. Among all the 232 study patients, 100 of them responded to the follow-up questionnaire. Changes in environmental domain, disability days, educational level, receiving herb drugs, and physiotherapy were the significant predictors for the changes of HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS The HRQOL of patients with low back pain depended on functional status and psychological factors more than simple physical impairment. Future intervention may need to put more emphasis on improving functional status and psychological stress for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shiung Horng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Moon YS, Kim SJ, Kim HC, Won MH, Kim DH. Correlates of quality of life after stroke. J Neurol Sci 2004; 224:37-41. [PMID: 15450769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2004.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between lesion location and quality of life (QOL) in stroke patients has not yet been clearly revealed. The present study was undertaken to investigate the clinical and anatomical correlates which can predict future QOL in stroke patients. The study subjects consisted of 69 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke who were followed up 2 months after the stroke event at the stroke unit. Quality of life was evaluated during the 2-month follow up period after the stroke. Baseline information or data including clinical and anatomical correlates (Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Barthel's Index, MRI data) at the time of the stroke event were collected by performing a review of each patient's chart and research data files. Severe subcortical gray matter lesion and depressive symptoms in the acute phase of stroke were of importance in predicting low QOL 2 months after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Sun Moon
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chunchon, South Korea
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29
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Abstract
The brain mediates and integrates all cognitive activities, emotional experiences and finally behaviours. Stroke is undoubtedly a privileged disease for human behavioural studies, because of its high incidence. Recent advances in high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging techniques and functional neuroimaging allow both the precise localization of lesions and on-line visualization of the activity of cerebral areas and networks. Nevertheless, the neuropsychiatry of stroke remains uncertain in its relationship with brain dysfunction. Clinical studies on registry populations, single case studies, and functional neuroimaging data provide interesting findings, but differences in methods and great individual intervariability still prevent a complete understanding of emotional perception and behavioural responses in stroke. We adopted an anatomical-functional model as an operational framework in order to systematize the recent literature on emotional, behavioural and mood changes after stroke. The dysfunction of the areas subserving fundamental and executive functions induces behavioural and affective changes (such as depression, anxiety, apathy) that reflect the dysfunction of the whole system. Conversely, lesions in the system of instrumental functions induce signature syndromes (aphasia, anosognosia). At any delay from stroke, the diagnosis and treatment of mood and behavioural changes are a priority for clinicians and healthcare professionals to improve the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carota
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Despite continued advances in prevention and treatment, stroke remains the leading cause of neurologic disability. This article reviews the broad spectrum of palliative efforts underway to treat the impairment and disability that results from stroke. Emphasis is placed on the importance of symptom control, increasing compensation, and enhancing residual and recovering function in patients with stroke. New approaches to impairment reduction have produced encouraging results, but disability reduction remains the cornerstone of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Volpe
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Burke Medical Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, New York 10605, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Those caring for stroke victims should be aware of new developments in our understanding of depression following stroke, its diagnosis, prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical features, and treatment. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment will improve quality of life, self-care independence, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Gawronski
- Burke Rehabilitation Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
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