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Mitochondrial uncoupler MB1-47 is efficacious in treating hepatic metastasis of pancreatic cancer in murine tumor transplantation models. Oncogene 2021; 40:2285-2295. [PMID: 33649533 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is aggressive cancer characterized by rapid progression, metastatic recurrence, and highly resistant to treatment. PDA cells exhibit aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect, which reduces the flux of pyruvate into mitochondria. As a result, more glycolytic metabolites are shunted to pathways for the production of building blocks (e.g., ribose) and reducing agents (e.g., NADPH) for biosynthesis that are necessary for cell proliferation. In addition, PDA cells are highly addicted to glutamine for both maintaining biosynthetic pathways and achieving redox balance. Mitochondrial uncoupling facilitates proton influx across the mitochondrial inner membrane without generating ATP, leading to a futile cycle that consumes glucose metabolites and glutamine. We synthesized a new mitochondrial uncoupler MB1-47 and tested its effect on cancer cell metabolism and the anticancer activity in pancreatic cancer cell models and murine tumor transplantation models. MB1-47 uncouples mitochondria in the pancreatic cancer cells, resulting in: (1) the acceleration of pyruvate oxidation and TCA turnover; (2) increases in AMP/ATP and ADP/AMP ratios; and (3) a decrease in the synthesis rate of nucleotides and sugar nucleotides. Moreover, MB1-47 arrests cell cycle at G0-G1 phase, reduces clonogenicity, and inhibits cell growth of murine and human pancreatic cancer cells. In vivo studies showed that MB1-47 inhibits tumor growth in murine tumor transplantation models, and inhibits the hepatic metastasis when tumor cells were transplanted intrasplenically. Our results provide proof of concept for a potentially new strategy of treating PDA, and a novel prototype experimental drug for future studies and development.
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2
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Kato S. Tumour-Agnostic Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer and Biliary Tract Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:252. [PMID: 33562094 PMCID: PMC7914923 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with solid tumours has remarkably improved with the development of molecular-targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the improvements in the prognosis of pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancer is delayed compared to other carcinomas, and the 5-year survival rates of distal-stage disease are approximately 10 and 20%, respectively. However, a comprehensive analysis of tumour cells using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project has led to the identification of various driver mutations. Evidently, few mutations exist across organs, and basket trials targeting driver mutations regardless of the primary organ are being actively conducted. Such basket trials not only focus on the gate keeper-type oncogene mutations, such as HER2 and BRAF, but also focus on the caretaker-type tumour suppressor genes, such as BRCA1/2, mismatch repair-related genes, which cause hereditary cancer syndrome. As oncogene panel testing is a vital approach in routine practice, clinicians should devise a strategy for improved understanding of the cancer genome. Here, the gene mutation profiles of pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancer have been outlined and the current status of tumour-agnostic therapy in these cancers has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kato
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Targeting Cancer Stem Cells and Their Niche: Current Therapeutic Implications and Challenges in Pancreatic Cancer. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6012810. [PMID: 28845161 PMCID: PMC5563426 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6012810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as a subpopulation of stem-like cancer cells with the ability of self-renewal and differentiation in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. CSCs are thought to be responsible for cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, chemoresistance, and recurrence in pancreatic cancer. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of pancreatic CSCs and discuss the mechanisms involved in resistance to chemotherapy, the interactions with the niche, and the potential role in cancer immunoediting. We propose that immunotherapy targeting pancreatic CSCs, in combination with targeting the niche components, may provide a novel treatment strategy to eradicate pancreatic CSCs and hence improve outcomes in pancreatic cancer.
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Sjoquist KM, Chin VT, Chantrill LA, O’Connor C, Hemmings C, Chang DK, Chou A, Pajic M, Johns AL, Nagrial AM, Biankin AV, Yip D. Personalising pancreas cancer treatment: When tissue is the issue. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7849-63. [PMID: 24976722 PMCID: PMC4069313 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i24.7849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer has not moved much beyond single agent gemcitabine until recently when protocols such as FOLFIRINOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan and oxaliplatin) and nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine have demonstrated some improved outcomes. Advances in technology especially in massively parallel genome sequencing has progressed our understanding of the biology of pancreatic cancer especially the candidate signalling pathways that are involved in tumourogenesis and disease course. This has allowed identification of potentially actionable mutations that may be targeted by new biological agents. The heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer makes tumour tissue collection important with the aim of being able to personalise therapies for the individual as opposed to a one size fits all approach to treatment of the condition. This paper reviews the developments in this area of translational research and the ongoing clinical studies that will attempt to move this into the everyday oncology practice.
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Horiguchi S, Shiraha H, Nagahara T, Kataoka J, Iwamuro M, Matsubara M, Nishina S, Kato H, Takaki A, Nouso K, Tanaka T, Ichimura K, Yagi T, Yamamoto K. Loss of runt-related transcription factor 3 induces gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. Mol Oncol 2013; 7:840-9. [PMID: 23664167 PMCID: PMC5528422 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is a tumor suppressor gene that is expressed in gastric and other cancers including pancreatic cancer. However, the precise function of RUNX3 in pancreatic cancer has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of decreased RUNX3 expression in pancreatic cancer. METHODS This study included 36 patients with primary pancreatic cancer, who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy. All patients were treated with 1000 mg/m2 gemcitabine after the surgery. The pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1, MIAPaCa-2, BxPC-3, SUIT-2, and KLM-1 were used for immunoblotting analysis of RUNX3 and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) expressions. Ectopic RUNX3 expression was achieved by cDNA transfection of the cells, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) against RUNX3 was used to knock down endogenous RUNX3. Cell growth in the presence of gemcitabine was assessed using the MTT assay. RESULTS Patients with RUNX3-positive and RUNX3-negative pancreatic cancer had a median survival of 1006 and 643 days, respectively. Exogenous RUNX3 expression reduced the expression of MRP1, MRP2, and MRP5 in endogenous RUNX3-negative cells, whereas RUNX3 siRNA increased the expressions of these genes in endogenous RUNX3-positive cells. Exogenous RUNX3 expression decreased gemcitabine IC50 in RUNX3-negative cells. CONCLUSION Loss of RUNX3 expression contributes to gemcitabine resistance by inducing MRP expression, thereby resulting in poor patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Horiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hidenori Shiraha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Teruya Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Jyunnro Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masaya Iwamuro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsubara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nishina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hironari Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akinobu Takaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nouso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takahito Yagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant, and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Patra CR, Bhattacharya R, Mukhopadhyay D, Mukherjee P. Fabrication of gold nanoparticles for targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:346-61. [PMID: 19914317 PMCID: PMC2827658 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of a drug should result in enhanced therapeutic efficacy with low to minimal side effects. This is a widely accepted concept, but limited in application due to lack of available technologies and process of validation. Biomedical nanotechnology can play an important role in this respect. Biomedical nanotechnology is a burgeoning field with myriads of opportunities and possibilities for advancing medical science and disease treatment. Cancer nanotechnology (1-100 nm size range) is expected to change the very foundations of cancer treatment, diagnosis and detection. Nanomaterials, especially gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have unique physico-chemical properties, such as ultra small size, large surface area to mass ratio, and high surface reactivity, presence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands, biocompatibility and ease of surface functionalization. In this review, we will discuss how the unique physico-chemical properties of gold nanoparticles may be utilized for targeted drug delivery in pancreatic cancer leading to increased efficacy of traditional chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitta Ranjan Patra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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8
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Milne RL, Greenhalf W, Murta-Nascimento C, Real FX, Malats N. The inherited genetic component of sporadic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2009; 9:206-14. [PMID: 19352090 DOI: 10.1159/000210261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, like many other complex diseases, has genetic and environmental components to its etiology. It is likely that relatively common genetic variants with modest effects on pancreatic cancer risk play an important role in both familial and sporadic forms of the disease, either individually or in interaction with environmental factors. The relatively high frequency of such variants means that they could potentially explain a substantial portion of disease risk. Here we summarize the findings published to date from genetic association studies. In general, very few low-penetrance variants have been identified and those that have require replication in independent studies. Possible gene-environment interactions arising from these studies also require replication. More comprehensive approaches are needed to make progress, including global analyses of biologically sound pathways and genome-wide association studies. Large sample sizes are required to do this appropriately and multi-study consortia make this possible. A number of consortia of pre-existing studies have already been formed, and these will facilitate the identification of further low-penetrance variants and gene-environment interaction. However, these approaches do not substitute for the design of novel, sufficiently powered studies that apply uniform criteria to case selection, the acquisition of environmental exposure information, and to biological sample collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Milne
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Sipos B, Frank S, Gress T, Hahn S, Klöppel G. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia revisited and updated. Pancreatology 2008; 9:45-54. [PMID: 19077454 DOI: 10.1159/000178874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most pancreatic neoplasms are classified as ductal adenocarcinoma because they show a ductal phenotype, making a ductal origin very likely. The duct lesions that may give rise to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma have been called pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). A classification system for these lesions distinguishes between three grades of PanIN. Molecular studies revealed that PanIN-2 and PanIN-3 lesions represent a distinct step towards invasive carcinoma. While high-grade PanINs are extremely rare in the normal pancreas, low-grade PanINs are common in individuals older than 40 years and may be associated with lobular fibrosis and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the gastric type. This disease spectrum has also been described in members of kindreds with familial pancreatic cancer. The natural history and cause of PanINs are unknown. As PanIN-1 lesions entail little risk, while PanIN-3 lesions are high-risk lesions, it would be of interest to target PanIN-2 lesions, which can be regarded as the starting point of progressive neoplastic changes that lead to invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Global gene expression analysis identified several differentially expressed genes which show enhanced expression in PanINs and may be used as potential biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sipos
- Department of Pathology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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10
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Jones S, Zhang X, Parsons DW, Lin JCH, Leary RJ, Angenendt P, Mankoo P, Carter H, Kamiyama H, Jimeno A, Hong SM, Fu B, Lin MT, Calhoun ES, Kamiyama M, Walter K, Nikolskaya T, Nikolsky Y, Hartigan J, Smith DR, Hidalgo M, Leach SD, Klein AP, Jaffee EM, Goggins M, Maitra A, Iacobuzio-Donahue C, Eshleman JR, Kern SE, Hruban RH, Karchin R, Papadopoulos N, Parmigiani G, Vogelstein B, Velculescu VE, Kinzler KW. Core signaling pathways in human pancreatic cancers revealed by global genomic analyses. Science 2008; 321:1801-6. [PMID: 18772397 PMCID: PMC2848990 DOI: 10.1126/science.1164368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2922] [Impact Index Per Article: 182.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
There are currently few therapeutic options for patients with pancreatic cancer, and new insights into the pathogenesis of this lethal disease are urgently needed. Toward this end, we performed a comprehensive genetic analysis of 24 pancreatic cancers. We first determined the sequences of 23,219 transcripts, representing 20,661 protein-coding genes, in these samples. Then, we searched for homozygous deletions and amplifications in the tumor DNA by using microarrays containing probes for approximately 10(6) single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We found that pancreatic cancers contain an average of 63 genetic alterations, the majority of which are point mutations. These alterations defined a core set of 12 cellular signaling pathways and processes that were each genetically altered in 67 to 100% of the tumors. Analysis of these tumors' transcriptomes with next-generation sequencing-by-synthesis technologies provided independent evidence for the importance of these pathways and processes. Our data indicate that genetically altered core pathways and regulatory processes only become evident once the coding regions of the genome are analyzed in depth. Dysregulation of these core pathways and processes through mutation can explain the major features of pancreatic tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân Jones
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - D. Williams Parsons
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jimmy Cheng-Ho Lin
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Leary
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Philipp Angenendt
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Parminder Mankoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Hirohiko Kamiyama
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Baojin Fu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ming-Tseh Lin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Eric S. Calhoun
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Mihoko Kamiyama
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kimberly Walter
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | | | | | - James Hartigan
- Agencourt Bioscience Corporation, Beverly, MA 01915, USA
| | | | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Steven D. Leach
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Alison P. Klein
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Jaffee
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Michael Goggins
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Christine Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - James R. Eshleman
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Scott E. Kern
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Rachel Karchin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Giovanni Parmigiani
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Victor E. Velculescu
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kenneth W. Kinzler
- Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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11
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Ortiz-Zapater E, Peiró S, Roda O, Corominas JM, Aguilar S, Ampurdanés C, Real FX, Navarro P. Tissue plasminogen activator induces pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by a non-catalytic mechanism that requires extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation through epidermal growth factor receptor and annexin A2. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 170:1573-84. [PMID: 17456763 PMCID: PMC1854952 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal carcinoma and is involved in tumor progression. This effect is probably mediated through the activation of angiogenesis, cell invasion, and cell proliferation. Previous studies support the notion that the effects of tPA on cell invasion require its proteolytic activity. Here, we report the molecular mechanism responsible for the proliferative effects of tPA on pancreatic tumor cells. tPA activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway in a manner that is independent of its catalytic activity. We also show that at least two membrane receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor and annexin A2, which are overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, are involved in the transduction of tPA signaling in pancreatic tumors. This observation suggests the establishment of an amplification loop in tumor cell proliferation. Double immunofluorescence experiments showed co-localization of tPA/epidermal growth factor receptor and tPA/annexin A2 in pancreas cancer cells. These results add novel insights into the non-catalytic functions of tPA in cancer and the molecular mechanisms behind the effects of this protease on cell proliferation, including a role for epidermal growth factor receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Unitat de Biologia Cel.lular i Molecular, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most frequent malignant pancreatic tumor. It is one of the tumors that has a particularly poor prognosis. Its morphological characteristics are: preferential localization in the head of the pancreas, ductal-glandular tumor structures combined with marked desmoplasia and CEA and MUC1 positivity. Variants of this carcinoma include adenosquamous carcinomas, undifferentiated pleomorphic carcinomas and mixed ductal-endocrine tumors. With the definition of ductal lesions as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, a progression model for pancreatic ductal carcinoma has been developed and corresponding gene alterations have been detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lüttges
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein--Campus Kiel, Michaelisstrasse 11, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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13
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Däbritz J, Hänfler J, Preston R, Stieler J, Oettle H. Detection of Ki-ras mutations in tissue and plasma samples of patients with pancreatic cancer using PNA-mediated PCR clamping and hybridisation probes. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:405-12. [PMID: 15655549 PMCID: PMC2361834 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we combined the PCR-clamping approach with melting curve analysis using mutant specific hybridisation probes and wild-type specific peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) to determine the genotypes of the most frequent point mutation in codon 12 of the proto-oncogene Ki-ras in tissue and plasma samples of patients with pancreatic cancer. The sensitivity of our assay was 1–5 × 10−5. The melting curve analysis of tissue samples of four patients revealed two valine mutations, one none-valine mutation and one wild-type sequence. Ki-ras alterations were found in 28% of DNAs (18 out of 64) of nonrelated plasma samples of 10 patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. The valine mutation was the predominantly detected gene alteration (83%). Out of ten patients investigated, four patients (40%) became positive during clinical observation with respect to Ki-ras mutation. All four patients exhibited progressive disease and high levels of tumour marker CA 19-9. In conclusion, the one-step procedure discribed may be a useful clinical tool for analysing Ki-ras point mutations in tissue and plasmas samples. In addition, this method can be adapted for simultanous detection of multiple mutations and quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Däbritz
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Hänfler
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany. E-mail:
| | - R Preston
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Stieler
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Oettle
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Wenz F, Tiefenbacher U, Fuss M, Lohr F. Should patients with locally advanced, non-metastatic carcinoma of the pancreas be irradiated? Pancreatology 2003; 3:359-65; discussion 365-6. [PMID: 14526144 DOI: 10.1159/000073650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A small number of patients exist with carcinoma of the pancreas with an inoperable but not metastasized tumor. Prospective randomized studies defined the standard of combined radiochemotherapy during the early 1980s for these patients. Since then, new drugs have shown considerable activity and in parallel improvements in radiotherapy treatment planning and delivery have been achieved. Therefore, it is time to ask whether patients with locally advanced, inoperable pancreatic cancer without metastases should still be irradiated or not. This review summarizes the current literature on combined radiochemotherapy for locally advanced carcinoma of the pancreas. Median survival times of 10-11 months and 1-year survival rates of about 40% can be achieved with modern radiochemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Wenz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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