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Karaoulani K, Dionysopoulos D, Tolidis K, Kouros P, Konstantinidis A, Hill R. Effect of air-abrasion pretreatment with three bioactive materials on enamel susceptibility to erosion by artificial gastric juice. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1218-1231. [PMID: 35715245 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to investigate the protective effect of three in-office preventive treatments with bioactive materials against enamel erosion induced by artificial gastric juice similar to that found in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients. The treatments included air-abrasion of enamel with a fluoride-containing bioactive glass (BioMinF®), Bioglass 45S5 (ProSylc) and nano-hydroxyapatite (MI Pearls) to test enamel susceptibility following an erosive challenge. METHODS Enamel surface loss was evaluated using confocal microscopy, while changes in enamel surface roughness and morphology were also investigated after the treatments. SEM and EDS were used to observe formation of apatite crystals on enamel and to detect alterations in mineral composition. In Group 1 (negative control) the specimens did not receive any treatment; Group 2 specimens (positive control) treated with 0.4 % SnF2, while in Groups 3-5 enamel was air-abraded with BioMinF®, ProSylc and MI Pearls, respectively. RESULTS All the experimental groups reduced significantly enamel surface loss compared to the negative control group (p < 0.05), except for the MI Pearls treatment (p > 0.05). The most protective behavior against erosion presented the treatment with SnF2. BioMinF induced the larger amount of apatite crystals on the enamel surface, followed by ProSylc. SIGNIFICANCE BioMinF and ProSylc treatments may be beneficial against dental erosion induced by gastric juice in GERD patients, while MI Pearls treatment may not suitable for this indication. Both materials promote formation of apatite crystals on enamel in acidic conditions protecting the surface from the erosion. The tested treatments may be useful in GERD patients who cannot comply with at-home therapies with SnF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinia Karaoulani
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dionysopoulos
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Kosmas Tolidis
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis Kouros
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Avraam Konstantinidis
- Department of Civil Engineering, Division of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Robert Hill
- Institute of Dentistry, Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Smith CE, Hu Y, Hu JCC, Simmer JP. Ultrastructure of early amelogenesis in wild-type, Amelx-/-, and Enam-/- mice: enamel ribbon initiation on dentin mineral and ribbon orientation by ameloblasts. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2016; 4:662-683. [PMID: 27896288 PMCID: PMC5118210 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental enamel is comprised of highly organized, oriented apatite crystals, but how they form is unclear. METHODS We used focused ion beam (FIB) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate early enamel formation in 7-week-old incisors from wild-type, Amelx-/-, and Enam-/- C56BL/6 mice. FIB surface imaging scans thicker samples so that the thin enamel ribbons do not pass as readily out of the plane of section, and generates serial images by a mill and view approach for computerized tomography. RESULTS We demonstrate that wild-type enamel ribbons initiate on dentin mineral on the sides and tips of mineralized collagen fibers, and extend in clusters from dentin to the ameloblast membrane. The clustering suggested that groups of enamel ribbons were initiated and then extended by finger-like membrane processes as they retracted back into the ameloblast distal membrane. These findings support the conclusions that no organic nucleator is necessary for enamel ribbon initiation (although no ribbons form in the Enam-/- mice), and that enamel ribbons elongate along the ameloblast membrane and orient in the direction of its retrograde movement. Tomographic reconstruction videos revealed a complex of ameloblast membrane processes and invaginations associated with intercellular junctions proximal to the mineralization front and also highlighted interproximal extracellular enamel matrix accumulations proximal to the interrod growth sites, which we propose are important for expanding the interrod matrix and extending interrod enamel ribbons. Amelx-/- mice produce oriented enamel ribbons, but the ribbons fuse into fan-like structures. The matrix does not expand sufficiently to support formation of the Tomes process or establish rod and interrod organization. CONCLUSION Amelogenin does not directly nucleate, shape, or orient enamel ribbons, but separates and supports the enamel ribbons, and expands the enamel matrix to accommodate continued ribbon elongation, retrograde ameloblast movement, and rod/interrod organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Smith
- Department of Biologic and Materials SciencesUniversity of Michigan School of Dentistry1210 Eisenhower PlaceAnn ArborMichigan48108; Facility for Electron Microscopy ResearchDepartment of Anatomy and Cell BiologyFaculty of DentistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecH3A 0C7Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Place Ann Arbor Michigan 48108
| | - Jan C-C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Place Ann Arbor Michigan 48108
| | - James P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences University of Michigan School of Dentistry 1210 Eisenhower Place Ann Arbor Michigan 48108
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Liu J, Rawlinson SC, Hill RG, Fortune F. Fluoride incorporation in high phosphate containing bioactive glasses and in vitro osteogenic, angiogenic and antibacterial effects. Dent Mater 2016; 32:e221-e237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yokoi T, Kim IY, Ohtsuki C. MINERALIZATION OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE ON OCTACALCIUM PHOSPHATE IN A SOLUTION MIMICKING IN VIVO CONDITIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3363/prb.26.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mandel S, Tas AC. Brushite (CaHPO 4 ·2H 2 O) to octacalcium phosphate (Ca 8 (HPO 4 ) 2 (PO 4 ) 4 ·5H 2 O) transformation in DMEM solutions at 36.5 °C. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010; 30:245-254. [PMID: 30011614 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2009.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fan Y, Sun Z, Moradian-Oldak J. Effect of fluoride on the morphology of calcium phosphate crystals grown on acid-etched human enamel. Caries Res 2009; 43:132-6. [PMID: 19321991 PMCID: PMC2814026 DOI: 10.1159/000209346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of fluoride ion concentration on the morphology of calcium phosphate crystals grown on acid-etched enamel as a model for tooth enamel erosion. Samples were immersed in calcification solution for 16 h and changes in crystal morphology were monitored by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Without fluoride, plate-like octacalcium phosphate crystals (20 nm thick, 2-10 microm wide) were formed. With 1-10 mg/l fluoride, arrays of denser needle-like nanocrystals (20-30 nm wide, >500 nm in length) were formed. We conclude that there is a minimal fluoride concentration (1 mg/l) that dramatically affects the morphology of calcium phosphate crystals grown on etched enamel in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Fan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif., and
- School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, La., USA
| | - Z. Sun
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif., and
| | - J. Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif., and
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Chang MC. Fluoride incorporation in hydroxyapatite/gelatin nanocomposite. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008; 19:2837-2843. [PMID: 18330679 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of fluoride ion into hydroxyapatite (HAp)/gelatin (GEL) nanocomposite was investigated. The F(-) ion incorporation into OH(- )site of HAp phase was an energetically active process, which could be confirmed from the spray solution reaction. The precursors of Ca(2+) in water and phosphates in aqueous gelatin were mixed in the humidified air chamber by air spray, and then the precipitates were aged in a reactor. The F(-) ion precursor was dissolved in the starting solution of Ca(OH)(2) in water, and the resulted Ca(OH, F)(2) complex droplets induced the formation of stable fluoroapatite (F, OH)Ap. The reaction kinetics could be assumed from TEM morphology with ED, XRD and FT-IR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Chul Chang
- MDRCBB, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 16-280 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware S. E., Minneapolis, MN 55455-0329, USA.
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Jalota S, Bhaduri SB, Tas AC. Osteoblast proliferation on neat and apatite-like calcium phosphate-coated titanium foam scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chang MC, Douglas WH, Tanaka J. Organic-inorganic interaction and the growth mechanism of hydroxyapatite crystals in gelatin matrices between 37 and 80 degrees C. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2006; 17:387-96. [PMID: 16617418 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-8243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2003] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The crystal development of hydroxyapatite[HAp] phase in gelatin[GEL] matrices was investigated in the temperature range 37 to 80 degrees C by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), thermoanalytical measurement(DT/TGA), Fourier-Transformed Infra-Red(FT-IR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) with electron diffraction(ED). It was found that during the coprecipitation of apatite phase in GEL matrices and the next aging process the crystallites were formed and developed through the two reaction mechanisms of organic-inorganic interaction between apatite phase and GEL molecules, and thermodynamic reaction for the crystal growing. The analytical evidences showed that there was a definite competition between these two mechanisms with the reaction temperature. Below 50 degrees C the crystal development of HAp was greatly suppressed by the existence of the GEL molecules, indicating the heterogeneous nucleation by the supposed number of carboxyl groups in GEL. Above 50 degrees C the effective organic components as a template for the heterogeneous nucleation of apatite crystallites were greatly degraded and so more amount of inorganic ions could be favorably accredited on the preexisting crystallites in virtue of the limited nucleation chance, finally resulting in the crystal growth. At higher temperature pretty big HAp crystals were developed with the depletion of the organics to be bound with crystallites in the slurry solution. Presumably it is believed that the poisoning of the functional groups in GEL molecules was vigorously occurred in the phosphoric acid environment above approximately 50 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Chul Chang
- School of Mat. Sci. and Chem. Eng., Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-701, Korea.
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KAMITAKAHARA M, OHTSUKI C, TAKAHASHI A, TANIHARA M. Effect of Silane-Coupling Treatment on Thermal Decomposition of Octacalcium Phosphate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.2472/jsms.55.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Smith CE, Chong DL, Bartlett JD, Margolis HC. Mineral acquisition rates in developing enamel on maxillary and mandibular incisors of rats and mice: implications to extracellular acid loading as apatite crystals mature. J Bone Miner Res 2005; 20:240-9. [PMID: 15647818 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.041002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2003] [Revised: 08/01/2004] [Accepted: 09/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The formation rates of mineral in developing enamel were determined by microweighing of incisors of mice and rats. Computations indicated that a large excess of hydrogen ions would result from creating apatite at the calculated rates. Enamel organ cells (ameloblasts), therefore, likely excrete bicarbonate ions to prevent pH in fluid bathing enamel from becoming too acidic. INTRODUCTION Protons (H+) are generated whenever calcium and phosphate ions combine directly from aqueous solutions to form hydroxyapatite. Enamel is susceptible to potential acid loading during development because the amount of fluid bathing this tissue is small and its buffering capacity is low. The epithelial cells covering this tissue are also believed to form permeability barriers at times during the maturation stage when crystals grow at their fastest rates. The goal of this study was to measure the bulk weight of mineral present in rodent enamel at specific times in development and estimate the amount of acid potentially formed as the apatite crystals mature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Upper and lower jaws of mice and rats were freeze-dried, and the enamel layers on the incisors were partitioned into a series of 0.5 mm (mouse) or 1.0 mm (rat) strips along the length of each tooth. The strips were weighed on a microbalance, ashed at 575 degrees C for 18-24 h to remove organic material, and reweighed to determine the actual mineral weight for each strip. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The data indicated that, despite differences in gross sizes and shapes of maxillary and mandibular incisors in rats and mice, the overall pattern and rates of mineral acquisition were remarkably similar. This included sharply increasing rates of mineral acquisition between the secretory and maturation stages, with peak levels approaching 40 microg/mm tooth length. Computer modeling indicated that quantities of H+ ions potentially generated as apatite crystals grew during the maturation stage greatly exceeded local buffering capacity of enamel fluid and matrix proteins. In other systems, bicarbonate ions are excreted to neutralize highly acidic materials generated extracellularly. Data from this study indicate that ameloblasts, and perhaps cells in other apatite-based hard tissues, use similar bicarbonate release mechanisms to control excess acid arising from mineral formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Smith
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Départment de Stromatologie, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
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Iijima M, Moradian-Oldak J. Interactions of amelogenins with octacalcium phosphate crystal faces are dose dependent. Calcif Tissue Int 2004; 74:522-31. [PMID: 15354860 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-002-0011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Amelogenins, the major protein components of the enamel extracellular matrix, are postulated to be involved in controlling the elongated and oriented growth of enamel carbonated apatite crystals. In order to clarify the functional role of amelogenin during the early stage of enamel biomineralization, octacalcium phosphate (OCP) crystals, known to be potent precursors of hydroxyapatite, were grown in 1-10% (w/w) native bovine and two recombinant murine amelogenins. Amelogenins were solution-like at 1% and formed gel at 10%, while 5% amelogenins became gel after reaction and it was inhomogeneous and porous. Morphological changes of OCP crystals were evaluated as the function of amelogenin concentration by analyzing the mean values of length, width, thickness, their reduction ratios (L/Lc, W/Wc, T/Tc) as well as L/W and W/T ratios. Length, width, and thickness decreased in a does-dependent manner. Length decreased almost linearly in 1%-10%, whereas width decreased drastically in 1%-5% while the decrease from 5% to 10% was small. As a result, elongated morphology of OCP crystal was most emphasized in 5% bovine amelogenins and rM166 and 2%-5% rM179. The size reduction was in the order of W/Wc < L/Lc < T/Tc. We therefore concluded that amelogenin interaction with crystal faces was in the order (010) > (001) > (100). At all concentrations, W/ Wc was significantly the smallest. This indicated that the primary role of amelogenin was to decrease the width of OCP by blocking the hydrophobic (010) faces. We suggest that the drastic decrease of crystal width is the result of interaction of the densely packed nanospheres in 5%-10% amelogenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iijima
- Asahi University School of Dentistry, Dental Materials and Technology, 1851-1 Hozumi, Hozumi-Cho, Motosu-Gun, Gifu, Japan
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Iijima M, Moriwaki Y, Wen HB, Fincham AG, Moradian-Oldak J. Elongated growth of octacalcium phosphate crystals in recombinant amelogenin gels under controlled ionic flow. J Dent Res 2002; 81:69-73. [PMID: 11820371 DOI: 10.1177/002203450208100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenin proteins constitute the primary structural entity of the extracellular protein framework of the developing enamel matrix. Recent data on the interactions of amelogenin with calcium phosphate crystals support the hypothesis that amelogenins control the oriented and elongated growth of enamel carbonate apatite crystals. To exploit further the molecular mechanisms involved in amelogenin-calcium phosphate mineral interactions, we conducted in vitro experiments to examine the effect of amelogenin on synthetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP) crystals. A 10% (wt/vol) recombinant murine amelogenin (rM179, rM166) gel was constructed with nanospheres of about 10- to 20-nm diameter, as observed by atomic force microscopy. The growth of OCP was modulated uniquely in 10% rM179 and rM166 amelogenin gels, regardless of the presence of the hydrophilic C-terminal residues. Fibrous crystals grew with large length-to-width ratio and small width-to-thickness ratio. Both rM179 and rM166 enhanced the growth of elongated OCP crystals, suggesting a relationship to the initial elongated growth of enamel crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iijima
- Asahi University School of Dentistry, Dental Materials and Technology, Motosu-gun, Gifu, Japan.
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