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Higuchi M, Abiko Y, Washio J, Takahashi N. Antimicrobial effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a catechin abundant in green tea, on periodontal disease-associated bacteria. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 167:106063. [PMID: 39128436 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a catechin abundant in green tea, exhibits antibacterial activity. In this study, the antimicrobial effects of EGCG on periodontal disease-associated bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Fusobacterium periodontium) were evaluated and compared with its effects on Streptococcus mutans, a caries-associated bacterium. RESULTS Treatment with 2 mg/ml EGCG for 4 h killed all periodontal disease-associated bacteria, whereas it only reduced the viable count of S. mutans by about 40 %. Regarding growth, the periodontal disease-associated bacteria were more susceptible to EGCG than S. mutans, based on the growth inhibition ring test. As for metabolism, the 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC50) of EGCG for bacterial metabolic activity was lower for periodontal disease-associated bacteria (0.32-0.65 mg/ml) than for S. mutans (1.14 mg/ml). Furthermore, these IC50 values were negatively correlated with the growth inhibition ring (r = -0.73 to -0.86). EGCG induced bacterial aggregation at the following concentrations: P. gingivalis (>0.125 mg/ml), F. periodonticum (>0.5 mg/ml), F. nucleatum (>1 mg/ml), and P. nigrescens (>2 mg/ml). S. mutans aggregated at an EGCG concentration of > 1 mg/ml. CONCLUSION EGCG may help to prevent periodontal disease by killing bacteria, inhibiting bacterial growth by suppressing bacterial metabolic activity, and removing bacteria through aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Higuchi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Yuki Abiko
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Jumpei Washio
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Japan.
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Lou Z, Fan X, Liu C, Liao Y, Du X, Wang H. Purification of proanthocyanidins from nut seeds and study on its bactericidal mechanism against Streptococcus mutans. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae209. [PMID: 39138062 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to purify proanthocyanidins from areca nut seeds (P-AN) and to investigate the bactericidal activity and mechanism of the purified products against Streptococcus mutans. METHODS AND RESULTS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MADLI-TOF-MS), and thiolysis experiment were used for P-AN chemical analysis. Time-kill analysis and glycolytic pH drop were used to evaluate the activity of S. mutans in vitro. Meanwhile, the investigation of the bacteriostatic mechanism included membrane protein, fluidity, permeability, and integrity tests. The results showed that P-AN was a kind of proanthocyanidin mainly composed of B-type proanthocyanidins and their polymers. Moreover, MADLI-TOF-MS and thiolysis experiments demonstrated that the degree of polymerization of P-AN was 13. The time-kill analysis showed that P-AN had strong bactericidal activity against S. mutans. P-AN at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) concentrations was able to induce S. mutans death, while complete lethality occurred at 2 MIC. Glycolysis test showed that P-AN significantly inhibited S. mutans acid production (P < .01). The morphological changes of S. mutans were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy experiments, which indicated that P-AN destroyed the cellular structure of S. mutans. At the same time, significant changes were observed in membrane proteins, fluidity, permeability, and integrity. CONCLUSION P-AN can effectively inhibit the activity of S. mutans. P-AN can reduce the erosion of the tooth surface by the acid of S. mutans. P-AN could break the structure of the cell membrane protein of S. mutans. P-AN could destroy the integrity of membrane, resulting in the death of S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixiang Lou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mango, Baise University, Baise 533000, China
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mango, Baise University, Baise 533000, China
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu, China
| | - Caihua Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mango, Baise University, Baise 533000, China
| | - Yuemei Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mango, Baise University, Baise 533000, China
| | - Xiaojing Du
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu, China
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Nomura R, Suehiro Y, Tojo F, Matayoshi S, Okawa R, Hamada M, Naka S, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Unesaki R, Koumoto K, Kawauchi K, Nishikata T, Akitomo T, Mitsuhata C, Yagi M, Mizoguchi T, Fujikawa K, Taniguchi T, Nakano K. Inhibitory Effects of Shikonin Dispersion, an Extract of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Encapsulated in β-1,3-1,6 Glucan, on Streptococcus mutans and Non-Mutans Streptococci. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1075. [PMID: 38256148 PMCID: PMC10816867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Shikonin is extracted from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and shikonin extracts have been shown to have inhibitory effects on several bacteria. However, shikonin extracts are difficult to formulate because of their poor water solubility. In the present study, we prepared a shikonin dispersion, which was solubilized by the inclusion of β-1,3-1,6 glucan, and analysed the inhibitory effects of this dispersion on Streptococcus mutans and non-mutans streptococci. The shikonin dispersion showed pronounced anti-S. mutans activity, and inhibited growth of and biofilm formation by this bacterium. The shikonin dispersion also showed antimicrobial and antiproliferative effects against non-mutans streptococci. In addition, a clinical trial was conducted in which 20 subjects were asked to brush their teeth for 1 week using either shikonin dispersion-containing or non-containing toothpaste, respectively. The shikonin-containing toothpaste decreased the number of S. mutans in the oral cavity, while no such effect was observed after the use of the shikonin-free toothpaste. These results suggest that shikonin dispersion has an inhibitory effect on S. mutans and non-mutans streptococci, and toothpaste containing shikonin dispersion may be effective in preventing dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (Y.S.); (F.T.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (K.N.)
- Joint Research Laboratory of Next-Generation Science for Oral Infection Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (M.Y.); (T.M.); (K.F.); (T.T.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Hiroshima, Japan; (T.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Yuto Suehiro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (Y.S.); (F.T.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (K.N.)
| | - Fumikazu Tojo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (Y.S.); (F.T.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (K.N.)
| | - Saaya Matayoshi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (Y.S.); (F.T.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (K.N.)
| | - Rena Okawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (Y.S.); (F.T.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (K.N.)
- Joint Research Laboratory of Next-Generation Science for Oral Infection Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (M.Y.); (T.M.); (K.F.); (T.T.)
| | - Masakazu Hamada
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Shuhei Naka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Okayama, Japan; (S.N.); (M.M.-N.)
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Okayama, Japan; (S.N.); (M.M.-N.)
| | - Rika Unesaki
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (R.U.); (K.K.); (K.K.); (T.N.)
| | - Kazuya Koumoto
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (R.U.); (K.K.); (K.K.); (T.N.)
| | - Keiko Kawauchi
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (R.U.); (K.K.); (K.K.); (T.N.)
| | - Takahito Nishikata
- Faculty of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, Kobe 650-0047, Hyogo, Japan; (R.U.); (K.K.); (K.K.); (T.N.)
| | - Tatsuya Akitomo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Hiroshima, Japan; (T.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Chieko Mitsuhata
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Hiroshima, Japan; (T.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Masatoshi Yagi
- Joint Research Laboratory of Next-Generation Science for Oral Infection Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (M.Y.); (T.M.); (K.F.); (T.T.)
- Pharmacrea Kobe Co., Ltd., Kobe 651-0085, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Mizoguchi
- Joint Research Laboratory of Next-Generation Science for Oral Infection Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (M.Y.); (T.M.); (K.F.); (T.T.)
- TSET Co., Ltd., Kariya 448-0022, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koki Fujikawa
- Joint Research Laboratory of Next-Generation Science for Oral Infection Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (M.Y.); (T.M.); (K.F.); (T.T.)
- TSET Co., Ltd., Kariya 448-0022, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taizo Taniguchi
- Joint Research Laboratory of Next-Generation Science for Oral Infection Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (M.Y.); (T.M.); (K.F.); (T.T.)
- Pharmacrea Kobe Co., Ltd., Kobe 651-0085, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (Y.S.); (F.T.); (S.M.); (R.O.); (K.N.)
- Joint Research Laboratory of Next-Generation Science for Oral Infection Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (M.Y.); (T.M.); (K.F.); (T.T.)
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Zhou S, Bao Z, Ma S, Ou C, Hu H, Yang Y, Feng X, Pan Y, Gong S, Fan F, Chen P, Chu Q. A local dark tea - Liubao tea - extract exhibits remarkable performance in oral tissue regeneration, inflammation relief and oral microbiota reconstruction. Food Funct 2023; 14:7400-7412. [PMID: 37475617 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02277c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of oral health problems is ubiquitous in contemporary society, with particular emphasis placed on the central role of oral flora in mitigating this issue. Both ancient literature and modern research have highlighted the promising application of tea with substantial bioactive properties, particularly dark tea, in preserving and promoting oral health. Liubao tea, a widely consumed dark tea with increasing popularity in recent years, has been reported to possess abundant bioactive constituents, exhibit remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, modulate the flora structure and so on. It may be a promising candidate for addressing oral health problems. In this study, Liubao tea was meticulously extracted, purified and identified, followed by an investigation of its potential to modulate oral microecology by virtue of an acetic acid-induced oral disorder murine model. The results revealed that Liubao tea extract (LTE) application commendably reconstructed the oral mucosal barrier, promoted tissue regeneration and mitigated micro-inflammation. Furthermore, LTE treatment could also ameliorate the oral flora composition by decreasing the abundance of Proteobacteria and increasing the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria at the phylum level, as well as inhibiting pernicious bacteria such as Streptococcus and Delftia acidovorans. So, it could promote the generation of a beneficial microenvironment and regulate the immune process. Overall, LTE demonstrated remarkable potential in regulating the balance of oral microecology, suggesting that it may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for oral health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhelu Bao
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Shicheng Ma
- Wuzhou Liubao Tea Research Association, Wuzhou, 543000, P. R. China
| | - Cansong Ou
- Wuzhou Tea Industry Development Service Center, Wuzhou, 543000, P. R. China
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forest University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Feng
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yani Pan
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Shuying Gong
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Fangyuan Fan
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Chu
- Tea Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
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Comparison of collagen features of distinct types of caries-affected dentin. J Dent 2022; 127:104310. [PMID: 36167234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the biodegradability, mechanical behavior, and physicochemical features of the collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD), natural caries-affected dentin (NCAD) and sound dentin (SD). METHODS Dentin specimens from human molars were prepared and assigned into groups according to the type of dentin: ACAD, NCAD, or SD. ACAD was produced by incubation of demineralized SD with Streptococcus mutans in a chemically defined medium (CDM) with 1% sucrose for 7 days at 37 °C under anaerobic conditions. Specimens were assessed to determine collagen birefringence, biodegradability, mechanical behavior, and chemical composition. Data were individually processed and analyzed by ANOVA and post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS CDM-based biofilm challenge reduced loss, storage, and complex moduli in ACAD (p < 0.001), while the damping capacity remained unaffected (p = 0.066). Higher red and lower green birefringence were found in ACAD and NCAD when compared with SD (p < 0.001). Differently to ACAD, SD and NCAD presented higher biodegradability to exogenous proteases (p = 0.02). Chemical analysis of the integrated areas of characteristic bands that assess mineral quality (carbonate/phosphate and crystallinity index), mineral to matrix (phosphate/amide I) and post-translational modifications (amide III/CH2, pentosidine/CH2, and pentosidine/amide III) (p<0.05) showed that NCAD was significantly different from SD while ACAD exhibited intermediate values. CONCLUSIONS CDM-based biofilm challenge produced a dentin ECM with decreased mechanical properties and increased collagen maturity. The compositional and structural conformation of the ACAD suggested that CDM-based biofilm challenge showed potential to produce artificial lesions by revealing a transitional condition towards mimicking critical features of NCAD. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the importance of developing a tissue that mimics the features of natural caries-affected dentin ECM for in vitro studies. Our findings suggested the potential of a modified biofilm challenge protocol to produce and simulate a relevant substrate, such as caries-affected dentin.
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Reis RGD, Tedesco AC, Curylofo-Zotti FA, Cortez TV, Borges HS, Souza-Gabriel AE, Corona SAM. Longitudinal analyses of composite resin restoration on erosive lesions. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v22i00.8666839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the influence of the biomodification of erosive lesions with a chitosan nanoformulation containing green tea (NanoCsQ) on the clinical performance of a composite resin. Methods: The study was performed in a split-mouth, randomized and double-blinded model with 20 patients with 40 erosive lesions. The patient’s teeth were randomized into two groups (n=20) according to the surface treatment: 1) Without biomodification (control), and 2) Biomodification with NanoCsQ solution (experimental). The lesions were restored with adhesive (Tetric N-bond, Ivoclar) and composite resin (IPS Empress Direct, Ivoclar). The restorations were polished and 7 days (baseline), 6 months, and 12 months later were evaluated according to the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) modified criteria, using clinical exam and photographics. Data were analyzed by Friedman’s and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: No significant differences were found between the control and experimental groups (p=0.423), and also among the follow-up periods (baseline, six months, and 12 months) (p=0.50). Regarding the retention criteria, 90% of the restoration had an alpha score in the control group. Only 10% of the restorations without biomodification (control) had a score charlie at the 12-month follow-up. None of the patients reported post-operatory sensitivity. Conclusion: The NanoCsQ solution did not negatively affect the performance of the composite resin restorations after 12 months.
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NAUREEN ZAKIRA, MEDORI MARIACHIARA, DHULI KRISTJANA, DONATO KEVIN, CONNELLY STEPHENTHADDEUS, BELLINATO FRANCESCO, GISONDI PAOLO, BERTELLI MATTEO. Polyphenols and Lactobacillus reuteri in oral health. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E246-E254. [PMID: 36479495 PMCID: PMC9710395 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Oral health is one of the necessary preludes to the overall quality of life. Several medical procedures and therapies are available to treat oral diseases in general and periodontal diseases in particular, yet caries, periodontitis, oral cancer, and oral infections remain a global concern. Natural molecules, with their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbic properties, are one of the main sources of oral health and dental health care, and should be supplemented to exploit their beneficial effects. A possible way to improve the intake of these molecules is adhering to a diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and probiotics, which has many beneficial properties and can improve overall health and wellbeing. The Mediterranean diet, in particular, provides several beneficial natural molecules, mainly because of the precious nutrients contained in its typical ingredients, mainly plant-based (olives, wine, citrus fruits, and many more). Its beneficial effects on several diseases and in increasing the overall wellbeing of the population are currently being studied by physicians. Among its nutrients, polyphenols (including, among other molecules, lignans, tannins, and flavonoids) seem to be of outmost importance: several studies showed their anticariogenic properties, as well as their effects in decreasing the incidence of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, plant-derived molecules - such as polyphenols - and probiotics - such as Lactobacillus reuteri - have shown a significant potential in treating and curing oral diseases, either alone or in combination, owing to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - KRISTJANA DHULI
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Correspondence: Kristjana Dhuli, MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), 38068, Italy; E-mail:
| | | | | | - FRANCESCO BELLINATO
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - PAOLO GISONDI
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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Gao Y, Cao QQ, Chen YH, Granato D, Wang JQ, Yin JF, Zhang XB, Wang F, Chen JX, Xu YQ. Effects of the Baking Process on the Chemical Composition, Sensory Quality, and Bioactivity of Tieguanyin Oolong Tea. Front Nutr 2022; 9:881865. [PMID: 35651510 PMCID: PMC9150783 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.881865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tieguanyin oolong tea (TOT), a semi-oxidized tea originating from Anxi county in China, is categorized into jade TOT, medium-baked TOT, and deep-baked TOT, based on different baking processes. To study the effects of baking, chemical analysis, sensory evaluation, and bioactivity assessments of the three TOTs were conducted. The results indicated that the baking process promoted the formation of colored macromolecules (e.g., theabrownins), which affected the color of tea infusion. Free amino acids underwent the Maillard reaction and generated specific Maillard reaction products, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural, which modified the taste and aroma. Floral and fresh volatiles were remarkably reduced, while multiple new volatiles were produced, forming a typically baked aroma. The antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity were reduced after baking, which might be associated with the decrease of monomeric catechins. These results provide a scientific basis for understanding the changes caused by the baking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Tea Processing, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing Cao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Tea Processing, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Tea Processing, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jie-Qiong Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Tea Processing, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Feng Yin
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Tea Processing, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Hangzhou, China
- Jun-Feng Yin,
| | - Xue-Bo Zhang
- National Tea Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Fujian, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Tea Processing, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xin Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Tea Processing, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Quan Xu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Tea Processing, Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-Quan Xu,
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Wang S, Zeng T, Zhao S, Zhu Y, Feng C, Zhan J, Li S, Ho CT, Gosslau A. Multifunctional health-promoting effects of oolong tea and its products. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Ju Y, Liao H, Richardson JJ, Guo J, Caruso F. Nanostructured particles assembled from natural building blocks for advanced therapies. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4287-4336. [PMID: 35471996 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00343g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Advanced treatments based on immune system manipulation, gene transcription and regulation, specific organ and cell targeting, and/or photon energy conversion have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies against a range of challenging diseases. Naturally derived macromolecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and polyphenols) have increasingly found use as fundamental building blocks for nanostructured particles as their advantageous properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, inherent bioactivity, and diverse chemical properties make them suitable for advanced therapeutic applications. This review provides a timely and comprehensive summary of the use of a broad range of natural building blocks in the rapidly developing field of advanced therapeutics with insights specific to nanostructured particles. We focus on an up-to-date overview of the assembly of nanostructured particles using natural building blocks and summarize their key scientific and preclinical milestones for advanced therapies, including adoptive cell therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, active targeted drug delivery, photoacoustic therapy and imaging, photothermal therapy, and combinational therapy. A cross-comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of different natural building blocks are highlighted to elucidate the key design principles for such bio-derived nanoparticles toward improving their performance and adoption. Current challenges and future research directions are also discussed, which will accelerate our understanding of designing, engineering, and applying nanostructured particles for advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. .,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Haotian Liao
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China. .,Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Joseph J Richardson
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Junling Guo
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China. .,Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Hong M, Cheng L, Liu Y, Wu Z, Zhang P, Zhang X. Mechanisms Underlying the Interaction Between Chronic Neurological Disorders and Microbial Metabolites via Tea Polyphenols Therapeutics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:823902. [PMID: 35401435 PMCID: PMC8991060 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.823902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of hydroxyl groups and existence of characteristic structural groups in tea polyphenols (TP) make them have antioxidant activity, which gives TP anti-inflammatory effects, toward protecting the intestinal flora and brain neurons. Host-associated microbial metabolites are emerging as dominant modifiers of the central nervous system. As yet, the investigations on host-microbiota crosstalking remain challenging, studies focusing on metabolites such as serotonin, short-chain fatty acids, and others have pinpointed multiple actionable signaling pathways relevant to host health. However, there are still complexities and apparent limitations inherent in transforming complex human diseases to corresponding animal models. Here, we choose to discuss several intestinal metabolites with research value, as crucial areas for assessing TP-mediated chronic brain diseases interactions with microbial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Hong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Student Affairs, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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12
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Nafade S, Agnihotri R, Kamath SU, Shenoy PA, Khadher NA, Nayak DD. The effect of oolong tea as an adjunct to nonsurgical management of chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Oolong tea, a functional food, has numerous therapeutic benefits owing to the presence of bioactive polyphenols, theasinensins (TS) and catechins. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of systemic administration of oolong tea as an adjunct to nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in the management of chronic periodontitis (CP).Methods: A total of 60 subjects with mild to moderate CP were randomly divided into two groups of tests (n = 30) and the controls (n = 30). They underwent NSPT with adjunctive oolong tea supplementation in the test group only. At baseline, 1, and 3 months, their gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (BOP), and lobene stain index (LSI) were recorded. Furthermore, the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidants (TAO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also estimated in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva and serum. Additionally, colony-forming units (CFUs) of selective supra and subgingival plaque bacteria were estimated in the plaque samples.Results: In both groups, at 1 month, the GI, PI, BOP, GPx, and TAO levels were improved with a reduction in the levels of MDA and CFU’s and no staining of teeth (P < 0.05). The results were maintained in the test group at 3-month recall visit.Conclusion: Adjunctive administration of oolong tea with NSPT reduced the local and systemic oxidative burden and rapidly resolved the inflammation in CP. This would be specifically beneficial in CP subjects with systemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Nafade
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Rupali Agnihotri
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shobha Ullas Kamath
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Padmaja Ananth Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka,576104, India
| | - Nisha Abdul Khadher
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Deeksha Dayanand Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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13
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Cheng J, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Gao M, Li S. Preparation and properties of antibacterial and antioxidant mango peel extract/polyvinyl alcohol composite films. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen China
| | - Qun Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen China
| | - Yucang Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen China
| | - Zhifen Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou China
| | - Mengmeng Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou China
| | - Siyuan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hainan University Haikou China
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14
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Han S, Abiko Y, Washio J, Luo Y, Zhang L, Takahashi N. Green Tea-Derived Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibits Acid Production and Promotes the Aggregation of Streptococcus mutans and Non-Mutans Streptococci. Caries Res 2021; 55:205-214. [PMID: 34010838 DOI: 10.1159/000515814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that green tea-derived epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which has antimicrobial properties, might help prevent dental caries. However, the detailed properties of EGCG remain unclear. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of EGCG were evaluated by examining its bactericidal activity, its inhibitory effects against bacterial growth, acid production, acidic end-product formation, and sugar uptake (phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system, PEP-PTS activity), and its effects on bacterial aggregation, using monocultured planktonic cells of Streptococcus mutans and non-mutans streptococci. Coincubating S. mutans with EGCG (1 mg/mL) for 4 h had no bactericidal effects, while it decreased the growth and acid production of S. mutans by inhibiting the activity of the PEP-PTS. EGCG (2 mg/mL) caused rapid bacterial cell aggregation and had reduced the optical density of S. mutans cell suspension by 86.7% at pH 7.0 and 90.7% at pH 5.5 after 2 h. EGCG also reduced the acid production of non-mutans streptococci, including S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, and S. salivarius, and promoted the aggregation of these non-mutans streptococci. Furthermore, these antimicrobial effects of short-term EGCG treatment persisted in the presence of saliva. These results suggest that EGCG might have short-term antibacterial effects on caries-associated streptococci in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sili Han
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Sichuan University West China School of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuki Abiko
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jumpei Washio
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yufang Luo
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Fujian Medical University School of Stomatology, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Sichuan University West China School of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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15
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Nomura R, Ohata J, Otsugu M, Okawa R, Naka S, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Nakano K. Inhibitory effects of flavedo, albedo, fruits, and leaves of Citrus unshiu extracts on Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 124:105056. [PMID: 33517170 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTVES Citrus unshiu has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial effects against citrus diseases. In the present study, C. unshiu was divided into flavedo, albedo, fruits, and leaves; the inhibitory effects of these extracts on Streptococcus mutans, a major pathogen of dental caries, were investigated. DESIGN C. unshiu specimens were separated into flavedo, albedo, fruits, and leaves. First, pH values and polyphenol amounts in Citrus extracts were measured. In addition, Citrus extract was added to the bacterial suspensions of S. mutans MT8148, and inhibitory effects of C. unshiu extracts on MT8148 for antimicrobial activity, bacterial growth, and biofilm formation were analyzed. These assays were also performed using C. sinensis extracts. RESULTS Among these extracts, albedo exhibited a pH value closest to neutral, while the fruits exhibited the most acidic pH value; the pH values significantly differed between these extracts (P < 0.05). In addition, the amounts of polyphenols were significantly higher in albedo than in other extracts (P < 0.001). All extracts showed inhibitory effects on MT8148 for antimicrobial activity, bacterial growth and biofilm formation. These inhibitory effects were significantly stronger in flavedo, albedo, and fruits, compared with leaves (P < 0.05). Furthermore, extracts of Citrus sinensis also showed inhibitory effects on S. mutans, although these effects were weaker than the effects of C. unshiu. CONCLUSION These results suggest that extracts from C. unshiu fruits exhibit inhibitory effects on S. mutans, among which albedo may be especially useful for dental caries prevention due to its neutral pH and abundant polyphenols, in addition to its inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Jumpei Ohata
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Otsugu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rena Okawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Naka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Wang Y, Samaranayake LP, Dykes GA. Tea extracts modulate oral biofilm development by altering bacterial hydrophobicity and aggregation. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 122:105032. [PMID: 33418435 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effects of tea extracts on biofilm formation by oral streptococci and the potential mechanisms behind the effects. DESIGN We examined the effects of five types of tea extracts (green, oolong, black, pu-erh and chrysanthemum tea) on cell surface hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation of three different streptococcal species (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus mitis) and evaluated their biofilm formation on four disparate hard surfaces (glass, stainless steel, hydroxyapatite and titanium). The correlation between biofilm formation and the cellular properties were investigated in order to study the mechanisms by which the tea extracts affect biofilm formation. RESULTS Results show that the tea extracts reduced cell surface hydrophobicity (by up to 57.9 %) and, in some cases, altered cellular auto-aggregation (by up to 12 %) and biofilm formation (by up to 2.61 log CFU cm-2). Specifically, oolong tea extract was found to enhance biofilm formation by increasing cellular auto-aggregation and pu-erh tea extract retarded biofilm formation by increasing auto-aggregation. Biofilm formation correlated well to cell surface hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation in combination, but not to either one alone as determined by multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Tea extracts have the ability to modulate streptococcal biofilm formation by altering cell surface hydrophobicity and cellular aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Dentistry, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | | | - Gary A Dykes
- Graduate Research School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
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18
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Li Y, Jiang X, Hao J, Zhang Y, Huang R. Tea polyphenols: application in the control of oral microorganism infectious diseases. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:74-82. [PMID: 30974380 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the most popular drinks worldwide, tea is rich in polyphenols and is beneficial to our health because it contributes to the prevention of many diseases. In the human oral cavity, there are more than 750 different species of bacteria living together within dental plaque. Some of the bacteria are pathogens that contribute to the development of oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, pulpitis, mucosal disease, or halitosis through their virulence factors and their metabolites. Until now, many studies have reported that tea polyphenols (TPs) have evident inhibitory effects on some oral pathogenic microorganisms by suppressing pivotal steps of their pathogenic processes. The aim of this review is to summarize the effectiveness and mechanisms of TPs in inhibiting microorganisms, so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, and to contribute to the global dental public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoge Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianqi Hao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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19
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Growth Media Affect Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Plant-Derived Polyphenols. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8308640. [PMID: 29854796 PMCID: PMC5966681 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8308640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different microbial growth media on the laboratory assessment of antimicrobial activity of natural polyphenolic compounds. The inhibition of the tea polyphenol EGCG on growth of selected oral microorganisms was evaluated in complex media and a protein-free chemically defined medium (CDM). Other antimicrobial agents (polyphenolic grape seed extract, plant alkaloid berberine, methyl salicylate, and chlorhexidine gluconate) were also tested in the study. The presence of proteins and their effects on the antimicrobial activity of EGCG were investigated by the addition of BSA to the CDM. The MICs of EGCG against test oral microorganisms were 4 to 64 times higher in complex media than in CDM. The polyphenolic grape seed extract exhibited similar discrepancies. However, the MICs of the nonpolyphenolic compounds (berberine, methyl salicylate, and chlorhexidine) were not significantly different between the two growth media. The MIC of EGCG against S. mutans UA159 in CDM with added BSA was 16 times higher than that in CDM alone. Therefore, nonproteinaceous CDM should be used to avoid interference of proteins with the active ingredients when testing the antimicrobial activity of plant-derived polyphenolic compounds against microorganisms. This will also minimize the discrepancies noted in results obtained by different investigators.
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20
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In-vitro Antibacterial Activities of Selected Traditional Plants. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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21
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Nomura R, Morita Y, Matayoshi S, Nakano K. Inhibitory effect of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) eluate against adhesion and colonization by Streptococcus mutans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5056. [PMID: 29568011 PMCID: PMC5864963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface Pre-reacted Glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler is a bioactive filler produced by PRG technology, which has been applied to various dental materials. A S-PRG filler can release multiple ions from a glass-ionomer phase formed in the filler. In the present study, detailed inhibitory effects induced by S-PRG eluate (prepared with S-PRG filler) against Streptococcus mutans, a major pathogen of dental caries, were investigated. S-PRG eluate effectively inhibited S. mutans growth especially in the bacterium before the logarithmic growth phase. Microarray analysis was performed to identify changes in S. mutans gene expression in the presence of the S-PRG eluate. The S-PRG eluate prominently downregulated operons related to S. mutans sugar metabolism, such as the pdh operon encoding the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the glg operon encoding a putative glycogen synthase. The S-PRG eluate inhibited several in vitro properties of S. mutans relative to the development of dental caries especially prior to active growth. These results suggest that the S-PRG eluate may effectively inhibit the bacterial growth of S. mutans following downregulation of operons involved in sugar metabolism resulting in attenuation of the cariogenicity of S. mutans, especially before the active growth phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infections and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yumiko Morita
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infections and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saaya Matayoshi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infections and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infections and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Packyanathan JS, Rani Juneius CE, Vinoth M. Recent Antibiotics Used in Dental Disease Management. Microb Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7140-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of lemon essential oil on the acid tolerance and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 87:235-241. [PMID: 29331510 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lemon essential oil (LEO) is a kind of secondary metabolite from lemon peels and has been found to inhibit cariogenic bacteria for decades. However, its effects on main cariogenic virulence factors are rarely reported. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of LEO on the acid tolerance and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and preliminarily reveal the possible underlying mechanisms. DESIGNS Effects of LEO on the acid tolerance and biofilm formation of S. mutans were investigated by the broth dilution method and crystal violet staining method respectively. The expression of luxS, srtA and spaP gene was also determined to explore the underlying mechanism. In addition, Tea polyphenols (TP), a major natural inhibitor of cariogenic virulence factors, and limonene (LIM), the major component of LEO, were selected as comparisons to evaluate the effects of LEO. RESULTS Sub-MICs of LEO, LIM and TP exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of growth of S. mutans at pH ranging from 4.0 to 7.0. The formation of S. mutans biofilm was remarkably inhibited and the inhibitory rates of LEO, LIM and TP were 97.87%, 94.88% and 96.01% respectively at 1/2 MIC. Similarly, a down-regulation was observed in the expression of luxS, srtA and spaP gene at sub-MIC levels. CONCLUSIONS Effects of LEO were similar or slightly stronger than LIM and TP, suggesting that LEO might represent a novel, natural anticarious agent that inhibited the specific genes associated with bacterial acid tolerance and biofilm formation without necessarily affecting the growth of oral bacteria.
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George DE, Shetty R, Shetty PJ, Gomes LA. An In vitro Study to Compare the Effect of Different Types of Tea with Chlorhexidine on Streptococcusmutans. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:ZC05-ZC07. [PMID: 29207823 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26581.10538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Tea is the second most commonly consumed beverage in the world after water. The leaf and bud of the plant Camellia sinensis produces tea. The different forms of tea are 'non-fermented' green tea, 'semi-fermented' oolong tea and 'fermented' black tea according to the manufacturing process. Streptococcus mutans is the main causative organism in dental caries and plaque formation. Aim The present study was undertaken to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of aqueous and ethanol extracts of green tea, black tea and oolong tea against S. mutans in comparison with 0.2% chlorhexidine. Materials and Methods An in vitro study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of aqueous and ethanol extracts of green tea, black tea and oolong tea with 0.2% chlorhexidine against S. mutans. Chlorhexidine 0.2% commercially available as mouthwash was used as such for comparison. The antimicrobial activity was determined using agar well diffusion method. About 50 µl of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of tea and 0.2% chlorhexidine were inoculated into the wells prepared on blood agar plates smeared with S. mutans. The agar plates were incubated for 24 hours after which the diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. Results The mean zone of inhibition of the aqueous extracts of green tea, black tea, oolong tea and chlorhexidine was found to be 16.33 mm, 10.33 mm, 19.66 mm and 22 mm respectively. The mean zone of inhibition of the ethanol extracts of green tea, black tea, oolong tea and chlorhexidine was found to be 14 mm, 9 mm, 20.66 mm and 22 mm respectively. The study result state that the inhibitory effect of chlorhexidine is almost similar to that of oolong tea followed by green tea and black tea. Conclusion From the present study, it can be concluded that the aqueous and ethanol extracts of oolong tea showed highest antimicrobial activity compared to green tea and black tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dona Elizabeth George
- Postgraduate Resident, Department of Public Health Dentistry, AJ Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Roshan Shetty
- Reader, Department of Public Health Dentistry, AJ Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja J Shetty
- Assistant Professor, Department of Public Health Dentistry, AJ Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Leslie Allan Gomes
- Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, AJ Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Esteban-Fernández A, Zorraquín-Peña I, González de Llano D, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. The role of wine and food polyphenols in oral health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ng KW, Cao ZJ, Chen HB, Zhao ZZ, Zhu L, Yi T. Oolong tea: A critical review of processing methods, chemical composition, health effects, and risk. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2957-2980. [PMID: 28678527 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1347556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oolong tea (OT) is a traditional Chinese tea (Camellia sinensis) and is especially popular in south China. This review is to comprehensively summarize the miscellaneous research that has been done towards to the processing, phytochemistry, health benefit, and risk of OT. These literatures were carried out not only from different electronic databases but also from text books written in English, Japanese, and Chinese, including those traditional records tracing back to the Tang Dynasty (A.D. 618-907). The full process OT producing is depicted below in this review. The phytochemistry of OT has been comprehensively investigated. More than 100 chemical compositions have been isolated and identified. In health benefit, OT performs outstandingly in reducing obesity and controlling diabetes explained by modern pharmacological studies. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (6) in OT prevention of cancerous cells developing. OT can also improve and reduce on heart and vascular disease, protect teeth and bone, function as anti-oxidative and antibacterial agents. This review also mentioned the risk, summarized briefly on various forms of toxicity and harmful associated with OT. In short, this review can provided a natural product library of OT, gave inspirations for further new garden systems, designed idea on quality, bioactivity-oriented screening. In addition, it is suggested more scientists and education is necessary to guarantee the stability and safety of drinking OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan-Wai Ng
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Zi-Jun Cao
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Zhao
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Lin Zhu
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Tao Yi
- a School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
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Nomura R, Yoneyama R, Naka S, Otsugu M, Ogaya Y, Hatakeyama R, Morita Y, Maruo J, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Yamada O, Nakano K. The in vivo Inhibition of Oral Biofilm Accumulation and Streptococcus mutans by Ceramic Water. Caries Res 2016; 51:58-67. [DOI: 10.1159/000452343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Combustion-synthesized titanium carbide ceramics uniformly disperse silver, producing silver ions and hydroxyl radicals in water. This generates antimicrobial activity against various bacteria. One such bacterium is Streptococcus mutans, a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium known as a major pathogen of dental caries. In this study, we analyzed the inhibition of oral biofilms and S. mutans by ceramic water in in vitro and human studies. S. mutans strains showed significantly lower antimicrobial and sucrose-dependent adhesion activity in the presence of ceramic powder compared with untreated culture medium. Confocal microscopy revealed that S. mutans biofilm structures with ceramic powder were thin and coarse. Twenty-seven volunteers (13 males, 14 females; 18-37 years old, mean 25.2 years) were enrolled for subsequent studies. After each meal, one group was asked to rinse with ceramic water while the other rinsed with untreated water for 1 week. After 1 week, the rinsing contents were switched between the groups and the same protocol was followed for an additional week. After rinsing with ceramic water, the average plaque score was 43.0 ± 3.7, which was significantly lower than the baseline value (74.1 ± 5.7, p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed when rinsing with untreated water. In addition, the total number of S. mutans in saliva was significantly reduced after rinsing with ceramic water compared with untreated water (p < 0.05). These results suggest that ceramic water possesses antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and inhibits biofilm formation. Rinsing with ceramic water can also inhibit dental plaque formation and S. mutans colonization in humans.
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Guo YJ, Zhang B, Feng XS, Ren HX, Xu JR. Human cathelicidin LL-37 enhance the antibiofilm effect of EGCG on Streptococcus mutans. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:101. [PMID: 27659310 PMCID: PMC5034579 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus mutans forms biofilms as a resistance mechanism against antimicrobial agents in the human oral cavity. We recently showed that human cathelicidin LL-37 exhibits inhibitory effects on biofilm formation of S. mutans through interaction with lipoteichoic acid (LTA), but without antibacterial or biofilm dispersal abilities. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant constituent of tea catechins that has the greatest anti-infective potential to inhibit the growth of various microorganisms and biofilm formation. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated whether LL-37 interacts with EGCG to enhance the antibiofilm effect of EGCG on S. mutans biofilm formation. METHODS Clinical S. mutans strains (n = 10) isolated from children's saliva were tested in a biofilm formation assay. The antibiofilm effect of EGCG with and without LL-37 was analyzed by the minimum biofilm eradication concentration assay and confirmed using field emission-scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the interaction among EGCG, LL-37, and LTA of S. mutans was determined using quartz crystal microbalance analysis. RESULTS EGCG killed 100 % of planktonic S. mutans within 5 h, inhibited biofilm formation within 24 h, and reduced bacteria cells in preformed biofilms within 3 h at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. However, EGCG did not appear to interact with LTA. LL-37 effectively enhanced the bactericidal activity of EGCG against biofilm formation and preformed biofilms as determined by quantitative crystal violet staining and field emission-scanning electron microscopy. In addition, quartz crystal microbalance analysis revealed that LL-37 interacted with EGCG and promoted binding between EGCG and LTA of S. mutans. CONCLUSIONS We show that LL-37 enhances the antibiofilm effect of EGCG on S. mutans. This finding provides new knowledge for dental treatment by using LL-37 as a potential antibiofilm compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jie Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China.,Clinical Laboratory, AnKang City Central Hospital, Jinzhou South Road No.85, AnKang, 725000, ShaanXi, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China
| | - Hui-Xun Ren
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China
| | - Ji-Ru Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, 710061, ShaanXi, China.
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Ren Z, Chen L, Li J, Li Y. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans polysaccharide synthesis by molecules targeting glycosyltransferase activity. J Oral Microbiol 2016; 8:31095. [PMID: 27105419 PMCID: PMC4841093 DOI: 10.3402/jom.v8.31095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosyltransferase (Gtf) is one of the crucial virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans, a major etiological pathogen of dental caries. All the available evidence indicates that extracellular polysaccharide, particularly glucans produced by S. mutans Gtfs, contribute to the cariogenicity of dental biofilms. Therefore, inhibition of Gtf activity and the consequential polysaccharide synthesis may impair the virulence of cariogenic biofilms, which could be an alternative strategy to prevent the biofilm-related disease. Up to now, many Gtf inhibitors have been recognized in natural products, which remain the major and largely unexplored source of Gtf inhibitors. These include catechin-based polyphenols, flavonoids, proanthocyanidin oligomers, polymeric polyphenols, and some other plant-derived compounds. Metal ions, oxidizing agents, and some other synthetic compounds represent another source of Gtf inhibitors, with some novel molecules either discovered by structure-based virtual screening or synthesized based on key structures of known inhibitors as templates. Antibodies that inhibit one or more Gtfs have also been developed as topical agents. Although many agents have been shown to possess potent inhibitory activity against glucan synthesis by Gtfs, bacterial cell adherence, and caries development in animal models, much research remains to be performed to find out their mechanism of action, biological safety, cariostatic efficacies, and overall influence on the entire oral community. As a strategy to inhibit the virulence of cariogenic microbes rather than eradicate them from the microbial community, Gtf inhibition represents an approach of great potential to prevent dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; @scu.edu.cn; @scu.edu.cn
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Weerawatanakorn M, Hung WL, Pan MH, Li S, Li D, Wan X, Ho CT. Chemistry and health beneficial effects of oolong tea and theasinensins. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhao W, Xie Q, Bedran-Russo AK, Pan S, Ling J, Wu CD. The preventive effect of grape seed extract on artificial enamel caries progression in a microbial biofilm-induced caries model. J Dent 2014; 42:1010-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Jose M, Cyriac MB, Pai V, Varghese I, Shantaram M. Antimicrobial properties of Cocos nucifera (coconut) husk: An extrapolation to oral health. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2014; 5:359-64. [PMID: 25097415 PMCID: PMC4121915 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.136184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Brushing the teeth with fibrous husk of Cocos nucifera (coconut) is a common oral hygiene practice among people of rural areas of South India. However, the probable antimicrobial properties of this plant material against common oral pathogens have not been proved scientifically. Therefore, the present study was designed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alcoholic extract of the husk of Cocos nucifera was prepared and the antimicrobial properties against common oral pathogens like cariogenic bacteria, periodontal pathogens, and candidal organisms were performed by the Agar Well Diffusion Method. The results obtained were then subjected to statistical analysis using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). RESULTS The alcoholic extract of Cocos nucifera showed a significant concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity, expressed as a zone of inhibition with respect to all tested organisms except Actinomyces species. The inhibitory effect was more significant, with a majority of cariogenic organisms and Candida, with a zone of inhibition ranging from 4.6 mm to 16.3 mm. However, the effect was lesser with Cocos nucifera compared to chlorhexidine. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 50 mg/ml to 75 mg/ml. CONCLUSION Cocos nucifera has a significant inhibitory action against common oral pathogens, indicating the presence of highly effective antimicrobial compounds. Therefore, it is proved that its use can contribute to oral health to a great extent. Identification of these active compounds provides the scope for incorporating it into a modern oral care system, so as to control oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maji Jose
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Maria B Cyriac
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kannur Dental College, Anjarankandy, Kannur, Kerala, India
| | - Vidya Pai
- Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Ipe Varghese
- Department of Oral Pathologist and Registrar, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Manjula Shantaram
- Department of Biochemistry, PG Centre, Chikka Aluwara, Somawarpet taluk, Kodagu, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Theisen LL, Erdelmeier CAJ, Spoden GA, Boukhallouk F, Sausy A, Florin L, Muller CP. Tannins from Hamamelis virginiana bark extract: characterization and improvement of the antiviral efficacy against influenza A virus and human papillomavirus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88062. [PMID: 24498245 PMCID: PMC3909258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral activity has been demonstrated for different tannin-rich plant extracts. Since tannins of different classes and molecular weights are often found together in plant extracts and may differ in their antiviral activity, we have compared the effect against influenza A virus (IAV) of Hamamelis virginiana L. bark extract, fractions enriched in tannins of different molecular weights and individual tannins of defined structures, including pseudotannins. We demonstrate antiviral activity of the bark extract against different IAV strains, including the recently emerged H7N9, and show for the first time that a tannin-rich extract inhibits human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 infection. As the best performing antiviral candidate, we identified a highly potent fraction against both IAV and HPV, enriched in high molecular weight condensed tannins by ultrafiltration, a simple, reproducible and easily upscalable method. This ultrafiltration concentrate and the bark extract inhibited early and, to a minor extent, later steps in the IAV life cycle and tannin-dependently inhibited HPV attachment. We observed interesting mechanistic differences between tannin structures: High molecular weight tannin containing extracts and tannic acid (1702 g/mol) inhibited both IAV receptor binding and neuraminidase activity. In contrast, low molecular weight compounds (<500 g/mol) such as gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate or hamamelitannin inhibited neuraminidase but not hemagglutination. Average molecular weight of the compounds seemed to positively correlate with receptor binding (but not neuraminidase) inhibition. In general, neuraminidase inhibition seemed to contribute little to the antiviral activity. Importantly, antiviral use of the ultrafiltration fraction enriched in high molecular weight condensed tannins and, to a lesser extent, the unfractionated bark extract was preferable over individual isolated compounds. These results are of interest for developing and improving plant-based antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L. Theisen
- Institute of Immunology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé/Laboratoire National de Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Gilles A. Spoden
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fatima Boukhallouk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aurélie Sausy
- Institute of Immunology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé/Laboratoire National de Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Luise Florin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claude P. Muller
- Institute of Immunology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé/Laboratoire National de Santé, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- * E-mail:
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Song JM, Seong BL. Tea catechins as a potential alternative anti-infectious agent. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 5:497-506. [PMID: 17547513 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.5.3.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Besides well-known health benefits, green tea catechins exert antimicrobial and antiviral activities against a variety of infectious agents. Although the detailed mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of tea catechins remains to be explored, the broad-spectrum activity of catechins may involve common target(s), such as the cell membrane, in addition to specific targets for each pathogen. This extends to antiviral activities, where many pronounced activities were reported for enveloped viruses. Yet, the effectiveness of tea catechins as antimicrobials is compromised by relative chemical instability and poor bioavailability. Whether tea catechins will emerge as a viable option as alternative medicine or as a synergistic combination therapy with pre-existing antivirals or antibiotics must therefore depend on a method of delivery that ensures its stability and bioavailability. However, green tea may provide an option for mitigating the health and economic burdens associated with emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, especially considering the paucity of effective control measures. Considering the zoonotic nature of newly arising infectious diseases, the dual use of green tea components in both humans and livestock may reduce animal-human transmission, which would complement the current management of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Song
- Yonsei University, Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Bansal S, Choudhary S, Sharma M, Kumar SS, Lohan S, Bhardwaj V, Syan N, Jyoti S. Tea: A native source of antimicrobial agents. Food Res Int 2013. [PMCID: PMC7126541 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most popular nonalcoholic beverages, consumed by over two-thirds of the world's population because of its refreshing, mild stimulant and medicinal properties. It is processed in different ways in different parts of the world to give green, black, oolong, and pu-erh tea. Among all tea polyphenols, epigallocatechin-3-gallate has been responsible for much of the health promoting abilities of tea including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumour, anti-oxidative, protection from cardiovascular disease, anti-obesity, and anti-aging properties. In the present review, the antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities of different types of tea and their polyphenols are reported, highlighting their mechanisms of action and structure–activity relationship. Moreover, considering that the changing patterns of infectious diseases and the emergence of microbial strains resistant to current antibiotics, there is an urgent need to find out new potent antimicrobial agents as adjuvants to antibiotic therapy. The synergistic effect of tea polyphenols in combination with conventional antimicrobial agents against clinical multidrug-resistant microorganisms has also been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bansal
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Corresponding author. Tel.: + 91 1792 239219; fax: + 91 1792 245362.
| | - Shivani Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Suthar Sharad Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Lohan
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Varun Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Navneet Syan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ganpati Institute of Pharmacy, Bilaspur, Haryana, India
| | - Saras Jyoti
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Araghizadeh A, Kohanteb J, Fani MM. Inhibitory activity of green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract on some clinically isolated cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. Med Princ Pract 2013; 22:368-72. [PMID: 23485656 PMCID: PMC5586764 DOI: 10.1159/000348299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the in vitro inhibitory activity of green tea extract on some clinically isolated cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty strains of each of Streptococcusmutans, Aggregatibacteractinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonasgingivalis, and Prevotellaintermedia were isolated from carious teeth and periodontal pockets of patients with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Green tea extract was prepared by aqueous extraction method and diluted from 50 to 1.56 mg/ml. Standard techniques of agar disk diffusion and broth microdilution assays were applied for qualitative and quantitative determinations of antibacterial activity of green tea extract on each isolates. RESULTS All clinical isolates of S. mutans (100%) were sensitive to green tea extract at concentrations 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/ml producing inhibition zones ranging from 10 to 38 mm. All periodontopathic isolates (A. actinomycetemcomitans, n = 20, P. intermedia, n = 20, and P. gingivalis, n = 20) (100%) tested were sensitive to 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/ml of this extract. The minimal inhibitory concentration of green tea extract for S. mutans was 3.28 ± 0.7 mg/ml and for A. actinomycetemcomitans 6.25, for P. gingivalis and P. intermedia 12.5 mg/ml. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that green tea extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity on S. mutans,A. actinomycetemcomitans,P. gingivalis and P. intermedia and therefore may be used in mouthwashes or dentifrices for prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolmehdi Araghizadeh
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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37
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Growth inhibition of Streptococcus from the oral cavity by α-amyrin esters. Molecules 2012; 17:12603-11. [PMID: 23099616 PMCID: PMC6268725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171112603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Five terpenoids were tested by the macrodilution broth method to determine their inhibition activity on cariogenic bacterial growth. In general, α-, β-amyrin and α-amyrin phenylacetate proved to be active, reducing the bacterial viability to less than 20%.
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Vodnar DC. Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 on ham steak by tea bioactive compounds incorporated into chitosan-coated plastic films. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:74. [PMID: 22839307 PMCID: PMC3441517 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumer demands for better quality and safety of food products have given rise to the development and implementation of edible films. The use of antimicrobial films can be a promising tool for controlling L. monocytogenes on ready to eat products. The aim of this study was to develop effective antimicrobial films incorporating bioactive compounds from green and black teas into chitosan, for controlling L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 on vacuum-packaged ham steak. The effectiveness of these antimicrobial films was evaluated at room temperature (20°C) for 10 days and at refrigerated temperature (4°C) for 8 weeks. RESULTS The HPLC results clearly show that relative concentrations of catechins and caffeine in green tea ranked EGCG>EGC>CAF>ECG>EC>C while in black tea extracts ranked CAF>EGCG>ECG>EGC>EC>C. The chitosan-coated plastic films incorporating green tea and black tea extracts shows specific markers identified by FTIR. Incorporating natural extracts into chitosan showed that the growth of L monocytogenes ATCC 19115 was inhibited. The efficacy of antimicrobial effect of tea extracts incorporated into chitosan-coated plastic film was dose dependent. However, chitosan-coated films without addition of tea extracts did not inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115. Chitosan-coated plastic films incorporating 4% Green tea extract was the most effective antimicrobial, reducing the initial counts from 3.2 to 2.65 log CFU/cm2 during room temperature storage and from 3.2 to 1-1.5 log CFU/cm2 during refrigerated storage. CONCLUSIONS Incorporation of tea extracts into the chitosan-coated films considerably enhanced their effectiveness against L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115. 4% Green tea incorporated into chitosan-coated plastic film had a better antilisterial effect than 2% green tea or 2% and 4% black tea. Data from this study would provide new formulation options for developing antimicrobial packaging films using tea extracts to improve the microbiological safety and quality of ham steak during room and refrigerated storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan C Vodnar
- Food Science and Technology Department, Unit of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur str, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, România.
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Kim HJ, Hong CO, Nam MH, Ha YM, Lee KW. Antioxidant and Physiological Activities of Capsicum annuum Ethanol Extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.6.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Effects of compounds found in Nidus Vespae on the growth and cariogenic virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans. Microbiol Res 2012; 167:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Gazzani G, Daglia M, Papetti A. Food components with anticaries activity. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 23:153-9. [PMID: 22030309 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Caries is the most common oral infectious disease in the world. Its development is influenced also by diet components that interfere with pathogen mutans group Streptococci (MGS) activity. A very active research to identify functional foods and their components that are generally recognised as safe has been ongoing, with the aim of developing alternative approaches, to the use of synthetic chlorhexidine, and at the reduction or prevention of caries. Until now convincing evidence exists only for green tea as a functional food for oral health, partly owing to its high content of catechins, especially epigallocatechin-gallate. A number of other foods showed potential anticaries activity. Some other foods able to act against MGS growth and/or their virulence factors in in vitro tests are: apple, red grape seeds, red wine (proanthocyanidins), nutmeg (macelignan), ajowan caraway (nafthalen-derivative), coffee (trigonelline, nicotinic and chlorogenic acids, melanoidins), barley coffee (melanoidins), chicory and mushroom (quinic acid). In vivo anticaries activity has been shown by cranberry (procyanidins), glycyrrhiza root (glycyrrhizol-A), myrtus ethanolic extract, garlic aqueous extract, cocoa extracts (procyanidins), and propolis (apigenin, tt-farnesol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Gazzani
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pavia University, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Yoo S, Murata RM, Duarte S. Antimicrobial traits of tea- and cranberry-derived polyphenols against Streptococcus mutans. Caries Res 2011; 45:327-35. [PMID: 21720161 PMCID: PMC3130978 DOI: 10.1159/000329181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There are over 750 species of bacteria that inhabit the human oral cavity, but only a small fraction of those are attributed to causing plaque-related diseases such as caries. Streptococcus mutans is accepted as the main cariogenic agent and there is substantial knowledge regarding the specific virulence factors that render the organism a pathogen. There has been rising interest in alternative, target-specific treatment options as opposed to nonspecific mechanical plaque removal or application of broad-spectrum antibacterials that are currently in use. The impact of diet on oral health is undeniable, and this is directly observable in populations that consume high quantities of polyphenol-rich foods or beverages. Such populations have low caries incidence and better overall oral health. Camellia sinensis, the plant from which various forms of tea are derived, and Vaccinium macrocarpon (American cranberry fruit) have received notable attention both for their prevalence in the human diet as well as for their unique composition of polyphenols. The biologically active constituents of these plants have demonstrated potent enzyme-inhibitory properties without being bactericidal, a key quality that is important in developing therapies that will not cause microorganisms to develop resistance. The aim of this review is to consider studies that have investigated the feasibility of tea, cranberry, and other select plant derivatives as a potential basis for alternative therapeutic agents against Streptococcus mutans and to evaluate their current and future clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yoo
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
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Jeon JG, Rosalen PL, Falsetta ML, Koo H. Natural products in caries research: current (limited) knowledge, challenges and future perspective. Caries Res 2011; 45:243-63. [PMID: 21576957 PMCID: PMC3104868 DOI: 10.1159/000327250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide. Virulent biofilms firmly attached to tooth surfaces are prime biological factors associated with this disease. The formation of an exopolysaccharide-rich biofilm matrix, acidification of the milieu and persistent low pH at the tooth-biofilm interface are major controlling virulence factors that modulate dental caries pathogenesis. Each one offers a selective therapeutic target for prevention. Although fluoride, delivered in various modalities, remains the mainstay for the prevention of caries, additional approaches are required to enhance its effectiveness. Available antiplaque approaches are based on the use of broad-spectrum microbicidal agents, e.g. chlorhexidine. Natural products offer a rich source of structurally diverse substances with a wide range of biological activities, which could be useful for the development of alternative or adjunctive anticaries therapies. However, it is a challenging approach owing to complex chemistry and isolation procedures to derive active compounds from natural products. Furthermore, most of the studies have been focused on the general inhibitory effects on glucan synthesis as well as on bacterial metabolism and growth, often employing methods that do not address the pathophysiological aspects of the disease (e.g. bacteria in biofilms) and the length of exposure/retention in the mouth. Thus, the true value of natural products in caries prevention and/or their exact mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Nevertheless, natural substances potentially active against virulent properties of cariogenic organisms have been identified. This review focuses on gaps in the current knowledge and presents a model for investigating the use of natural products in anticaries chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-G Jeon
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, BK 21 Program, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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44
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The in vitro effect of manuka honeys on growth and adherence of oral bacteria. Anaerobe 2011; 17:19-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Palombo EA. Traditional Medicinal Plant Extracts and Natural Products with Activity against Oral Bacteria: Potential Application in the Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2011; 2011:680354. [PMID: 19596745 PMCID: PMC3145422 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases are major health problems with dental caries and periodontal diseases among the most important preventable global infectious diseases. Oral health influences the general quality of life and poor oral health is linked to chronic conditions and systemic diseases. The association between oral diseases and the oral microbiota is well established. Of the more than 750 species of bacteria that inhabit the oral cavity, a number are implicated in oral diseases. The development of dental caries involves acidogenic and aciduric Gram-positive bacteria (mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and actinomycetes). Periodontal diseases have been linked to anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus, Prevotella and Fusobacterium). Given the incidence of oral disease, increased resistance by bacteria to antibiotics, adverse affects of some antibacterial agents currently used in dentistry and financial considerations in developing countries, there is a need for alternative prevention and treatment options that are safe, effective and economical. While several agents are commercially available, these chemicals can alter oral microbiota and have undesirable side-effects such as vomiting, diarrhea and tooth staining. Hence, the search for alternative products continues and natural phytochemicals isolated from plants used as traditional medicines are considered as good alternatives. In this review, plant extracts or phytochemicals that inhibit the growth of oral pathogens, reduce the development of biofilms and dental plaque, influence the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces and reduce the symptoms of oral diseases will be discussed further. Clinical studies that have investigated the safety and efficacy of such plant-derived medicines will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo A. Palombo
- Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn Victoria 3122, Australia
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46
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The tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate suppresses cariogenic virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 55:1229-36. [PMID: 21149622 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01016-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans, the primary etiologic agent of dental caries, possesses a series of virulence factors associated with its cariogenicity. Alternatives to traditional antimicrobial treatment, agents selectively inhibiting the virulence factors without necessarily suppressing the resident oral species, are promising. The anticariogenic properties of tea have been suggested in experimental animals and humans. Tea polyphenols, especially epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), have been shown to inhibit the growth and glucosyltransferases activity of S. mutans. However, their effects on biofilm and cariogenic virulence factors of oral streptococci other than glucosyltransferases have not been well documented. In this study, we investigated the biological effect of EGCg on the virulence factors of S. mutans associated with its acidogenicity and acidurity. The antimicrobial effects of EGCg on S. mutans biofilm grown in chemically defined medium were also examined. EGCg inhibited growth of S. mutans planktonic cells at an MIC of 31.25 μg/ml and a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 62.5 μg/ml. EGCg also inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation at 15.6 μg/ml (minimum concentration that showed at least 90% inhibition of biofilm formation) and reduced viability of the preformed biofilm at 625 μg/ml (sessile MIC₈₀). EGCg at sub-MIC levels inhibited acidogenicity and acidurity of S. mutans cells. Analysis of the data obtained from real-time PCR showed that EGCg significantly suppressed the ldh, eno, atpD, and aguD genes of S. mutans UA159. Inhibition of the enzymatic activity of F₁F₀-ATPase and lactate dehydrogenase was also noted (50% inhibitory concentration between 15.6 and 31.25 μg/ml). These findings suggest that EGCg is a natural anticariogenic agent in that it exhibits antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and suppresses the specific virulence factors associated with its cariogenicity.
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Chen YL, Duan J, Jiang YM, Shi J, Peng L, Xue S, Kakuda Y. Production, Quality, and Biological Effects of Oolong Tea (Camellia sinensis). FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2010.518294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Long Chen
- a South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , The People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Duan
- a South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , The People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ming Jiang
- a South China Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , The People's Republic of China
| | - John Shi
- b Guelph Food Research Center , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Guelph , Ontario , Canada
| | - Litao Peng
- c College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , The People's Republic of China
| | - Sophia Xue
- b Guelph Food Research Center , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Guelph , Ontario , Canada
| | - Yukio Kakuda
- d Department of Food Science , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario , Canada
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48
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Antimicrobial activity and biofilm formation inhibition of green tea polyphenols on human teeth. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-0195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Petti S, Scully C. Polyphenols, oral health and disease: A review. J Dent 2009; 37:413-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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50
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Effect of Galla chinensis extract and chemical fractions on demineralization of bovine enamel in vitro. J Dent 2008; 36:999-1004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 08/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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