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Mann D, Sant'Anna FM, Schmaltz CAS, Rolla V, Freitas DFS, Lyra MR, Sampaio FMS, do Valle ACF, Lourenço MCS, Quintella LP, Teichner TC, Cavalcante SC, Galhardo MCG. Cutaneous tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: description of a series of 75 cases. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:1451-1459. [PMID: 31553059 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazil is one of the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden countries of the world. Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is a rare form of extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis. This study aimed to describe the clinico-evolutive, laboratory and therapeutic aspects of CTB cases among patients from a cohort with TB in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS Cases of diagnosed CTB with microbiologic confirmation or clinical response to anti-tuberculous treatment associated with positive smear or histopathological findings between the years 2000 and 2016 were selected. RESULTS Seventy-five patients with CTB were included, most were women (58.7%) with a median age of 42 years. CTB diagnosis was based on culture in only 42.7% of the cases. Scrofuloderma represented 50.7% of the cases, followed by erythema induratum of Bazin (EIB) (18.7%), tuberculous gumma (13.3%), lupus vulgaris (8%), TB verrucosa cutis (4%), orificial TB (2.7%) and associated forms (2.7%). Other TB presentations were pulmonary (22.7%), mammary (6.6%) and osteoarticular (4%). All patients who completed the treatment (97.3%) had their lesions healed. Only two patients (2.6%) needed to change the therapy due to adverse reactions. Fifty percent of EIB patients presented recurrence. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight the diversity of CTB presentations and the importance of the skin to assist in early identification and treatment of TB. More studies are necessary to improve the knowledge on EIB for a better approach towards these patients, mainly in cases of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Mann
- Post Graduation of Clinical Research on Infectious Diseases, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia M Sant'Anna
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Mycobacteriosis, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina A S Schmaltz
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Mycobacteriosis, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria Rolla
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Mycobacteriosis, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayvison F S Freitas
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Infectious Dermatology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Lyra
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Leishmaniasis, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe M S Sampaio
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Infectious Dermatology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio C F do Valle
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Infectious Dermatology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria C S Lourenço
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Bioassays, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo P Quintella
- Anatomical Pathology Service, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tullia C Teichner
- Anatomical Pathology Service, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Solange C Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Mycobacteriosis, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria C G Galhardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Infectious Dermatology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Connors WJ, Fisher DA, Kunimoto DY, Jarand JM. Program-wide review and follow-up of erythema Induratum of Bazin and tuberculosis-associated ocular inflammation management in a TB low-incidence setting: need for improved treatment candidate selection, therapy standardization, and care collaboration. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:97. [PMID: 30696400 PMCID: PMC6352374 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythema induratum of Bazin (EIB) - nodular vasculitis associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) - and Tuberculosis-Associated Ocular Inflammation (TB-AOI) represent uncommon manifestations of TB. There is limited data and a lack of diagnostic and treatment standards for these conditions. METHODS Eleven-year retrospective review of EIB and TB-AOI cases managed in a provincial TB program with prospective phone-based follow-up of anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) recipients. Presumptive TB-AOI and EIB diagnoses were determined by ophthalmologist or dermatologist assessments correlated with positive tuberculin skin test and/or QuantiFERON-TB Gold, along with pathologic criteria in EIB cases. RESULTS Of 21 EIB and 20 TB-AOI cases that received ATT, 13 and 11, respectively, were reached for follow-up. The majority of EIB and TB-AOI cases were female and immigrated from TB high-burden countries. Median durations of pre-diagnosis symptoms were 2 and 0.8 years (IQR 2.5 & 1.1) for EIB and TB-AOI cases, respectively. Overall, 14 different ATT regimens were used for a median duration of 6 months (range 5-9). ATT related adverse events resulting in treatment discontinuation occurred in 14% of EIB and 10% of TB-AOI cases. On last follow-up, 76% of EIB and 42% of TB-AOI had improvement or resolution of disease. CONCLUSION EIB and TB-AOI were uncommon presentations receiving variable therapy. While treatment response was modest for EIB cases, TB-AOI cases had sub-optimal treatment outcomes. The unique diagnostic and management challenges presented by these conditions in TB low-incidence settings highlight a need for improved treatment candidate selection, therapy standardization, and cross-specialty medical collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Connors
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calgary Tuberculosis Services, Alberta, Canada
- Foothills Medical Centre, Rm 303, 3rd Floor North Tower, 1403, 29th Street, NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9 Canada
| | - Dina A. Fisher
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calgary Tuberculosis Services, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dennis Y. Kunimoto
- Edmonton Tuberculosis Program, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Edmonton Canada
| | - Julie M. Jarand
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calgary Tuberculosis Services, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Baba N, Takashima W, Tokuriki A, Ameshima S, Hasegawa M. Erythema induratum of Bazin which occurred after tumor necrosis factor antagonist therapy. J Dermatol 2017; 44:e87-e88. [PMID: 28106269 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Baba
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Wataru Takashima
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tokuriki
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shingo Ameshima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Koh HY, Tay LK, Pang SM, Ong BH. Changing the way we diagnose tuberculids with interferon gamma release assays. Australas J Dermatol 2012; 53:73-5. [PMID: 22309338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.2011.00791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosing tuberculids traditionally requires clinicopathological correlation together with positive tuberculin skin tests (TST) or demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Interferon gamma release assays (IGRA) are new laboratory tests approved for the diagnosis of MTB infection. We describe three patients with tuberculids who had no other clinical feature of tuberculosis (TB) infection and negative PCR of skin biopsies. Their diagnoses were aided by positive IGRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yi Koh
- Dermatology Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Quin
- South Western Sydney Area Pathology Service, Liverpool, NSW
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