1
|
The Role of Wilms' Tumor Gene (WT1) Expression as a Marker of Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123306. [PMID: 35743376 PMCID: PMC9225390 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Minimal Residual Disease(MRD) monitoring in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is crucial to guide treatment after morphologic complete remission, to define the need for consolidation with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT), and to detect impending relapse allowing early intervention. However, more than 50% of patients with AML lack a specific or measurable molecular marker to monitor MRD. We reviewed the key studies on WT1 overexpression as a marker of MRD in AML patients undergoing an intensive chemotherapy program, including Allo-SCT. In addition, we provided some practical considerations on how to properly use WT1 expression as an MRD marker, considering its strengths and weaknesses. In order to achieve the best sensitivity and specificity, it is recommended to refer to the standardized method of European LeukemiaNet and its defined threshold (250 WT1 copies/104 Abelson (ABL) on Bone Marrow-BM and 50 WT1 copies/104 ABL on Peripheral Blood-PB), which has been validated in a large and multicenter cohort of patients and normal controls.
Collapse
|
2
|
Qiu S, Liu S, Yu T, Yu J, Wang M, Rao Q, Xing H, Tang K, Mi Y, Wang J. Sertad1 antagonizes iASPP function by hindering its entrance into nuclei to interact with P53 in leukemic cells. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:795. [PMID: 29179704 PMCID: PMC5704379 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the important suppressor of P53, iASPP is found to be overexpressed in leukemia, and functions as oncogene that inhibited apoptosis of leukemia cells. Sertad1 is identified as one of the proteins that can bind with iASPP in our previous study by two-hybrid screen. Methods Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were perfomed to identified the interaction between iASPP and Sertad1 protein. Westernblot and Real-time quantitative PCR were used to determine the expression and activation of proteins. Cell proliferation assays, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were examined by flow cytometric analysis. Results iASPP combined with Sertad1 in leukemic cell lines and the interaction occurred in the cytoplasm near nuclear membrane. iASPP could interact with Sertad1 through its Cyclin-A, PHD-bromo, C terminal domain, except for S domain. Overexpression of iASPP in leukemic cells resulted in the increased cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis induced by chemotherapy drugs. While overexpression of iASPP and Sertad1 at the same time could slow down the cell proliferation, lead the cells more vulnerable to the chemotherapy drugs, the resistance to chemotherapeutic drug in iASPPhi leukemic cells was accompanied by Puma protein expression. Excess Sertad1 protein could tether iASPP protein in the cytoplasm, further reduced the binding between iASPP and P53 in the nucleus. Conclusions Sertad1 could antagonize iASPP function by hindering its entrance into nuclei to interact with P53 in leukemic cells when iASPP was in the stage of overproduction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3787-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengteng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinchang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
High Expression of Human Homologue of Murine Double Minute 4 and the Short Splicing Variant, HDM4-S, in Bone Marrow in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2016; 16 Suppl:S30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
4
|
Karan G, Wang H, Chakrabarti A, Karan S, Liu Z, Xia Z, Gundluru M, Moreton S, Saunthararajah Y, Jackson MW, Agarwal MK, Wald DN. Identification of a Small Molecule That Overcomes HdmX-Mediated Suppression of p53. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:574-582. [PMID: 26883273 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor by mutation or overexpression of negative regulators occurs frequently in cancer. As p53 plays a key role in regulating proliferation or apoptosis in response to DNA-damaging chemotherapies, strategies aimed at reactivating p53 are increasingly being sought. Strategies to reactivate wild-type p53 include the use of small molecules capable of releasing wild-type p53 from key, cellular negative regulators, such as Hdm2 and HdmX. Derivatives of the Hdm2 antagonist Nutlin-3 are in clinical trials. However, Nutlin-3 specifically disrupts Hdm2-p53, leaving tumors harboring high levels of HdmX resistant to Nutlin-3 treatment. Here, we identify CTX1, a novel small molecule that overcomes HdmX-mediated p53 repression. CTX1 binds directly to HdmX to prevent p53-HdmX complex formation, resulting in the rapid induction of p53 in a DNA damage-independent manner. Treatment of a panel of cancer cells with CTX1 induced apoptosis or suppressed proliferation and, importantly, CTX1 demonstrates promising activity as a single agent in a mouse model of circulating primary human leukemia. CTX1 is a small molecule HdmX inhibitor that demonstrates promise as a cancer therapeutic candidate. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(4); 574-82. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mark W Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Mukesh K Agarwal
- Invenio Therapeutics, Lexington, KY.,MirX Pharmaceuticals, Cleveland, OH
| | - David N Wald
- Invenio Therapeutics, Lexington, KY.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.,MirX Pharmaceuticals, Cleveland, OH
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Attia D, Mansour N, Taha F, Seif El Dein A. Assessment of lipid peroxidation and p53 as a biomarker of carcinogenesis among workers exposed to formaldehyde in the cosmetic industry. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1097-105. [PMID: 25193344 DOI: 10.1177/0748233714547152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide use of cosmetic products, they exert a number of health effects on tissues ranging from irritation to cancer. Our study aimed at assessing the effect of formaldehyde on lipid peroxidation and verifying the susceptibility to carcinogenesis using p53 as a biomarker among workers exposed to formaldehyde in cosmetic industry. Our entire exposed group (n = 40) and the controls (n = 20) were subjected to estimation of formate in urine, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), and p53. Also, complete blood picture, liver, and kidney function tests were carried out. The study revealed significant increase in the levels of formate, MDA, and p53 in the exposed group compared with their control group. Our results showed that workers in cosmetic industry had significant exposure to formaldehyde. Furthermore, the study pointed to the negative impact of formaldehyde as a cause of oxidative stress and suspicious carcinogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Attia
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neveen Mansour
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma Taha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aisha Seif El Dein
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thakur BK, Dittrich T, Chandra P, Becker A, Kuehnau W, Klusmann JH, Reinhardt D, Welte K. Involvement of p53 in the cytotoxic activity of the NAMPT inhibitor FK866 in myeloid leukemic cells. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:766-74. [PMID: 22815158 PMCID: PMC3562481 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
FK866 is a specific inhibitor of NAMPT and induces apoptosis of leukemic cells by depletion of intracellular NAD+. Since up-regulation of NAMPT is associated with several cases of cancers, including leukemias, we asked whether in leukemic cells inhibition of NAMPT involves p53 pathway. We observed that FK866 induced apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation in NB-4, OCI-AML3 and MOLM-13 cell lines. In contrast, the leukemia cell lines, K-562 and Kasumi, containing nonfunctional p53 were relatively unaffected by FK866 treatment. Importantly, direct inhibition of sirtuins significantly reduced the viability of NB-4, OCI-AML3 and MOLM-13 cell lines. Activation of p53 by FK866 involved increased acetylation of p53 at lysine 382 with subsequent increase in the expression of p21 and BAX. Further, knockdown of p53 attenuated the effects of FK866 on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, which was partly associated with decreased expression of p21 and BAX. Our results suggest the role of p53 acetylation pathway in the anti-leukemic effect of FK866.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basant Kumar Thakur
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str-1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang L, Han Y, Suarez Saiz F, Saurez Saiz F, Minden MD. A tumor suppressor and oncogene: the WT1 story. Leukemia 2007; 21:868-76. [PMID: 17361230 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) gene encodes a transcription factor important for normal cellular development and cell survival. The initial discovery of WT1 as the causative gene in an autosomal-recessive condition identified it as a tumor suppressor gene whose mutations are associated with urogenital disease and the development of kidney tumors. However, this view is not in keeping with the frequent finding of wild-type, full-length WT1 in human leukemia, breast cancer and several other cancers including the majority of Wilms' tumors. Rather, these observations suggest that in those conditions, WT1 has an oncogenic role in tumor formation. In this review, we explore the literature supporting both views of WT1 in human cancer and in particular human leukemias. To understand the mechanism by which WT1 can do this, we will also examine its functional activity as a transcription factor and the influence of protein partners on its dual behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pluta A, Nyman U, Joseph B, Robak T, Zhivotovsky B, Smolewski P. The role of p73 in hematological malignancies. Leukemia 2006; 20:757-66. [PMID: 16541141 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The P73 gene is a homologue of the P53 tumor suppressor. Owing to its structural similarity with p53, p73 was originally considered to have tumor suppressor function. However, the discovery of N-terminal truncated isoforms with oncogenic properties showed a 'two in one' structure of its product, p73 protein. The full-length variants are strong inducers of apoptosis, whereas the truncated isoforms inhibit proapoptotic activity of p53 and the full-length p73. Thus, p73 is involved in the regulation of cell cycle, cell death and development. Moreover, it plays a role in carcinogenesis and controls tumor sensitivity to treatment. p73 is commonly expressed in tumor cells in hematological malignancies. Overexpression of p73 protein and aberrant expression of its particular isoforms, with very low frequency of P73 hypermethylation or mutations, were found in malignant myeloproliferations, including acute myeloblastic leukemia. In contrast, hypermethylation and subsequent inactivation of the P73 gene are the most common findings in malignant lymphoproliferative disorders, especially acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Assessment of P73 methylation may provide important prognostic information, as was confirmed in patients with ALL. This review summarizes some aspects of p73 biology with particular reference to its possible pathogenetic role and prognostic significance in hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Pluta
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz and Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yin B, Kogan SC, Dickins RA, Lowe SW, Largaespada DA. Trp53 loss during in vitro selection contributes to acquired Ara-C resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Exp Hematol 2006; 34:631-41. [PMID: 16647569 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Revised: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chemoresistance remains a major clinical obstacle to curative chemotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to chemotherapeutic agents used in AML are largely unknown. We have attempted to investigate genetic mechanisms causing resistance to Ara-C [1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine (cytarabine)], one mainstay in AML chemotherapy for decades. MATERIAL AND METHODS Highly Ara-C-resistant murine BXH-2 strain AML cell lines were generated, and their molecular changes were compared to their sensitive parental lines. The causative changes were confirmed using a genetic approach. RESULTS We derived nine highly Ara-C-resistant murine BXH-2 strain AML sublines via in vitro selection. p21Cip1 was dramatically downregulated and p53 protein accumulation induced by Ara-C treatment was impaired in one resistant line. In this line, repeated Ara-C exposure had selected for cells that harbor a genomic deletion affecting the splicing of Trp53 mRNA. This deletion produces an aberrant Trp53 mRNA, in which exon 4 is skipped, producing a protein lacking parts of both the transactivation and DNA-binding domains. Retroviral transduction of the sensitive parental cells with a dominant-negative Trp53 cDNA caused changes in the protein levels of p21Cip1, BAX, and cleaved caspase-3, but not bcl-XL, and rendered the cells more resistant to Ara-C. Unexpectedly, we found that pifithrin-alpha (PFTalpha), a compound that has been proposed to regulate p53 protein activity, induced apoptosis in both Ara-C-sensitive and -resistant lines, and decreased Ara-C resistance in cells with either normal or mutant Trp53 genes. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that Trp53 loss-of-function could partly explain the acquisition of AML chemoresistance, and suggest that PFTalpha could be useful in treatment of relapsed AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yin
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|