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Flieger J, Raszewska-Famielec M, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Flieger W. Skin Protection by Carotenoid Pigments. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1431. [PMID: 38338710 PMCID: PMC10855854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sunlight, despite its benefits, can pose a threat to the skin, which is a natural protective barrier. Phototoxicity caused by overexposure, especially to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), results in burns, accelerates photoaging, and causes skin cancer formation. Natural substances of plant origin, i.e., polyphenols, flavonoids, and photosynthetic pigments, can protect the skin against the effects of radiation, acting not only as photoprotectors like natural filters but as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory remedies, alleviating the effects of photodamage to the skin. Plant-based formulations are gaining popularity as an attractive alternative to synthetic filters. Over the past 20 years, a large number of studies have been published to assess the photoprotective effects of natural plant products, primarily through their antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anti-immunosuppressive activities. This review selects the most important data on skin photodamage and photoprotective efficacy of selected plant carotenoid representatives from in vivo studies on animal models and humans, as well as in vitro experiments performed on fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. Recent research on carotenoids associated with lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, liposomes, and micelles is reviewed. The focus was on collecting those nanomaterials that serve to improve the bioavailability and stability of carotenoids as natural antioxidants with photoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Raszewska-Famielec
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Physicl Education, Akademicka 2, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Radzikowska-Büchner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillary Surgery, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137 Street, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Satora M, Żak K, Frankowska K, Misiek M, Tarkowski R, Bobiński M. Perioperative Factors Affecting the Healing of Rectovaginal Fistula. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6421. [PMID: 37835064 PMCID: PMC10573987 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rectovaginal fistula is rare, but a severe complication in gynecology, which despite the effort of clinicians is still not treated successfully in many cases. According to statistics, the healing rates of surgery in patients with RVF range from 20 to 100%. The treatment effectiveness depends on the etiology of fistula, the age of the patients, the presence of comorbidities, the type of surgery and many other factors. Considering the low efficiency of treatment and the high risk of recurrence, the question of possible methods to improve the results occurs. In our review, we analyzed both modifiable and non-modifiable factors which may influence the treatment, healing rate and future fate of the patients. Taking into account all analyzed risk factors, including age, comorbidities, smoking status, microbiology, medications, stoma and stool features, we are aware that rectovaginal fistula's treatment must be individualized and holistic. In cases of poorly healing RVF, the drainage of feces, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis or the implementation of estrogen therapy may be useful. Moreover, microbiome research in women with RVF and towards estrogen therapy should be performed in order to create treatment algorithms in women with fistulae. Those interventions, in our opinion, may significantly improve the outcome of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Satora
- I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Student Scientific Association, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (K.Ż.); (K.F.)
| | - Klaudia Żak
- I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Student Scientific Association, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (K.Ż.); (K.F.)
| | - Karolina Frankowska
- I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Student Scientific Association, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (K.Ż.); (K.F.)
| | - Marcin Misiek
- Department of Gynecology, Holy Cross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Rafał Tarkowski
- I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marcin Bobiński
- I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
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Satora M, Grunwald A, Zaremba B, Frankowska K, Żak K, Tarkowski R, Kułak K. Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis-An Overview of Guidelines and the Latest Treatment Methods. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5376. [PMID: 37629418 PMCID: PMC10455317 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common condition associated with discomfort in affected women. Due to the presence of different forms of the disease, diverse treatment regimens are developed; the newest ones include oteseconazole and ibrexafungerp. Here, we focus on the most up-to-date recommendations regarding VVC treatment, as well as novel treatment options. Topical and oral azoles are the drugs of choice in uncomplicated mycosis. The efficacy of probiotics and substances such as TOL-463 and chlorhexidine is indicated as satisfactory; however, there are no relevant guidelines. Although the majority of researchers agree that the treatment of non-albicans VVC should be long-lasting, the recommendations are inconsistent. Another clinical problem is the treatment of VVC with azole intolerance or resistance, for which literature proposes the use of several drugs including oteseconazole, ibrexafungerp, and voriconazole. The treatment schedules for recurrent VVC include mainly fluconazole; however, alternative options such as immunotherapeutic vaccine (NDV-3A) or designed antimicrobial peptides (dAMPs) were also described. We also focused on VVC affecting pregnant women, which is a substantial challenge in clinical practice, also due to the heterogeneous relevant guidelines. Thus far, few precise recommendations are available in the literature. Future studies should focus on atypical VVC forms to elucidate the inconsistent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Satora
- Student’s Scientific Association at the I Chair and Department of Gynaecological Oncology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (B.Z.); (K.F.); (K.Ż.)
| | - Arkadiusz Grunwald
- Student’s Scientific Association at the I Chair and Department of Gynaecological Oncology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (B.Z.); (K.F.); (K.Ż.)
| | - Bartłomiej Zaremba
- Student’s Scientific Association at the I Chair and Department of Gynaecological Oncology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (B.Z.); (K.F.); (K.Ż.)
| | - Karolina Frankowska
- Student’s Scientific Association at the I Chair and Department of Gynaecological Oncology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (B.Z.); (K.F.); (K.Ż.)
| | - Klaudia Żak
- Student’s Scientific Association at the I Chair and Department of Gynaecological Oncology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (A.G.); (B.Z.); (K.F.); (K.Ż.)
| | - Rafał Tarkowski
- I Chair and Department of Gynaecological Oncology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Kułak
- I Chair and Department of Gynaecological Oncology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Str., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (K.K.)
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Nisar MF, Liu T, Wang M, Chen S, Chang L, Karisma VW, Weixu, Diao Q, Xue M, Tang X, Pourzand C, Yang J, Zhong JL. Eriodictyol protects skin cells from UVA irradiation-induced photodamage by inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 226:112350. [PMID: 34785489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Solar UVA irradiation-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), leading to photoaging, however the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we found that eriodictyol remarkably reduces UVA-mediated ROS generation and protects the skin cells from oxidative damage and the ensuing cell death. Moreover eriodictyol pretreatment significantly down-regulates the UVA-induced MMP-1 expression, and lowers the inflammatory responses within the skin cells. Pretreatment with eriodictyol upregulates the expression of tissue inhibitory metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and collagen-I (COL-1) at the transcriptional level in a dose-dependent manner. UVA-induced phosphorylation levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 leading to increased MMP-1 expression are significantly reduced in eriodictyol-treated skin cells. In addition, eriodictyol pretreatment significantly suppresses inflammatory cytokines and inhibits the activation of MAPK signaling cascades in skin cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that eriodictyol has both potent anti-inflammatory and anti-photoaging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Mei Wang
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Shida Chen
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Li Chang
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Vega Widya Karisma
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Weixu
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 40 Daomenkou St., District Yuzhong, Chongqing 400011, PR China
| | - Qingchun Diao
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 40 Daomenkou St., District Yuzhong, Chongqing 400011, PR China
| | - Mei Xue
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 40 Daomenkou St., District Yuzhong, Chongqing 400011, PR China
| | - Xueyong Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 40 Daomenkou St., District Yuzhong, Chongqing 400011, PR China
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Medicines Development, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation &Medicines Design, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Yang
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Julia Li Zhong
- Bioengineering College & Three Gorges hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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Philips N, Richardson R, Siomyk H, Bynum D, Gonzalez S. “Skin cancer, polyphenols, and oxidative stress” or Counteraction of oxidative stress, inflammation, signal transduction pathways, and extracellular matrix remodeling that mediate skin carcinogenesis by polyphenols. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Beneficial Regulation of Cellular Oxidative Stress Effects, and Expression of Inflammatory, Angiogenic, and the Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Proteins by 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in a Melanoma Cell Line. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051164. [PMID: 32150881 PMCID: PMC7179240 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The causes of cancer include the cellular accumulation reactive oxygen species (ROS), which overrides the cellular antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, from intrinsic aging, genetics, and exposure to environmental pollutants and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The ROS damage biomolecules such as DNA (including p53 gene), RNA, and lipids, and activate inflammatory, angiogenic, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling proteins; which collectively facilitate carcinogenesis. The 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Vitamin D) has anti-carcinogenic potential from its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and endocrine properties. We examined the anti-carcinogenic mechanism of vitamin D through the beneficial regulation of oxidative stress effects (oxidative DNA/RNA damage, superoxide dismutase expression, membrane damage, and p53 promoter activity), and expression (at the protein, mRNA and/or promoter levels) of inflammatory mediators (interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), angiogenic mediators (transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)), and the ECM remodeling proteins (matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 and MMP-2) by vitamin D in melanoma cells. Vitamin D inhibited oxidative DNA/RNA damage and membrane damage; and stimulated superoxide dismutase expression and p53 promoter activity in melanoma cells. It inhibited the expression of IL-1, TNF-α, TGF-β, VEGF, MMP-1 and MMP-2 by transcriptional or post-transcriptional mechanisms. We conclude that vitamin D is beneficial to melanoma cells through the inhibition of oxidative DNA/RNA damage, membrane damage, and the expression of inflammatory, angiogenic and ECM remodeling proteins; and the stimulation of superoxide dismutase expression and p53 promoter activity.
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The Beneficial Regulation of Extracellular Matrix and Heat Shock Proteins, and the Inhibition of Cellular Oxidative Stress Effects and Inflammatory Cytokines by 1α, 25 dihydroxyvitaminD3 in Non-Irradiated and Ultraviolet Radiated Dermal Fibroblasts. COSMETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics6030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic skin aging and photoaging, from exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, are associated with altered regulation of genes associated with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and inflammation, as well as cellular damage from oxidative stress. The regulatory properties of 1α, 25dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D) include endocrine, ECM regulation, cell differentiation, photoprotection, and anti-inflammation. The goal of this research was to identify the beneficial effects of vitamin D in preventing intrinsic skin aging and photoaging, through its direct effects as well as its effects on the ECM, associated heat shock proteins (HSP-47, and -70), cellular oxidative stress effects, and inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-8] in non-irradiated, UVA-radiated, UVB-radiated dermal fibroblasts. With regard to the ECM, vitamin D stimulated type I collagen and inhibited cellular elastase activity in non-irradiated fibroblasts; and stimulated type I collagen and HSP-47, and inhibited elastin expression and elastase activity in UVA-radiated dermal fibroblasts. With regard to cellular protection, vitamin D inhibited oxidative damage to DNA, RNA, and lipids in non-irradiated, UVA-radiated and UVB-radiated fibroblasts, and, in addition, increased cell viability of UVB-radiated cells. With regard to anti-inflammation, vitamin D inhibited expression of Il-1 and IL-8 in UVA-radiated fibroblasts, and stimulated HSP-70 in UVA-radiated and UVB-radiated fibroblasts. Overall, vitamin D is predominantly beneficial in preventing UVA-radiation induced photoaging through the differential regulation of the ECM, HSPs, and inflammatory cytokines, and protective effects on the cellular biomolecules. It is also beneficial in preventing UVB-radiation associated photoaging through the stimulation of cell viability and HSP-70, and the inhibition of cellular oxidative damage, and in preventing intrinsic aging through the stimulation of type I collagen and inhibition of cellular oxidative damage.
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Koh EK, Kim JE, Go J, Song SH, Sung JE, Son HJ, Jung YJ, Kim BH, Jung YS, Hwang DY. Protective effects of the antioxidant extract collected from Styela clava tunics on UV radiation-induced skin aging in hairless mice. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1565-1577. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Tseng TS, Tsai KC, Chen WC, Wang YT, Lee YC, Lu CK, Don MJ, Chang CY, Lee CH, Lin HH, Hsu HJ, Hsiao NW. Discovery of Potent Cysteine-Containing Dipeptide Inhibitors against Tyrosinase: A Comprehensive Investigation of 20 × 20 Dipeptides in Inhibiting Dopachrome Formation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6181-6188. [PMID: 26083974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is an essential copper-containing enzyme required for melanin synthesis. The overproduction and abnormal accumulation of melanin cause hyperpigmentation and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, tyrosinase is promising for use in medicine and cosmetics. Our previous study identified a natural product, A5, resembling the structure of the dipeptide WY and apparently inhibiting tyrosinase. Here, we comprehensively estimated the inhibitory capability of 20 × 20 dipeptides against mushroom tyrosinase. We found that cysteine-containing dipeptides, directly blocking the active site of tyrosinase, are highly potent in inhibition; in particular, N-terminal cysteine-containing dipeptides markedly outperform the C-terminal-containing ones. The cysteine-containing dipeptides, CE, CS, CY, and CW, show comparative bioactivities, and tyrosine-containing dipeptides are substrate-like inhibitors. The dipeptide PD attenuates 16.5% melanin content without any significant cytotoxicity. This study reveals the functional role of cysteine residue positional preference and the selectivity of specific amino acids in cysteine-containing dipeptides against tyrosinase, aiding in developing skin-whitening products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Sheng Tseng
- †Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- ‡National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Chuan Chen
- §The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- #Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yeng-Tseng Wang
- ⊥Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lee
- ΔThe Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- ⊗Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology in Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- ‡National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jaw Don
- ‡National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yu Chang
- ΠDepartment of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiao Lee
- ΠDepartment of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsiung Lin
- †Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
- ‡National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Hsu
- ‡National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wan Hsiao
- †Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
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Bosch R, Philips N, Suárez-Pérez JA, Juarranz A, Devmurari A, Chalensouk-Khaosaat J, González S. Mechanisms of Photoaging and Cutaneous Photocarcinogenesis, and Photoprotective Strategies with Phytochemicals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2015; 4:248-68. [PMID: 26783703 PMCID: PMC4665475 DOI: 10.3390/antiox4020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoaging and photocarcinogenesis are primarily due to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which alters DNA, cellular antioxidant balance, signal transduction pathways, immunology, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The DNA alterations include UV radiation induced thymine-thymine dimers and loss of tumor suppressor gene p53. UV radiation reduces cellular antioxidant status by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the resultant oxidative stress alters signal transduction pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), the nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB)/p65, the janus kinase (JAK), signal transduction and activation of transcription (STAT) and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). UV radiation induces pro-inflammatory genes and causes immunosuppression by depleting the number and activity of the epidermal Langerhans cells. Further, UV radiation remodels the ECM by increasing matrixmetalloproteinases (MMP) and reducing structural collagen and elastin. The photoprotective strategies to prevent/treat photoaging and photocarcinogenesis include oral or topical agents that act as sunscreens or counteract the effects of UV radiation on DNA, cellular antioxidant balance, signal transduction pathways, immunology and the ECM. Many of these agents are phytochemical derivatives and include polyphenols and non-polyphenols. The flavonoids are polyphenols and include catechins, isoflavones, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins, whereas the non-flavonoids comprise mono phenolic acids and stilbenes. The natural sources of polyphenols include tea, cocoa, grape/wine, soy, pomegranate, and Polypodium leucotomos. The non-phenolic phytochemicals include carotenoids, caffeine and sulphoraphance (SFN). In addition, there are other phytochemical derivatives or whole extracts such as baicalin, flavangenol, raspberry extract, and Photomorphe umbellata with photoprotective activity against UVB radiation, and thereby carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Bosch
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga 29010, Spain.
- Dermatology and Medicine Department, University of Málaga, Málag 29071, Spain.
| | - Neena Philips
- School of Natural Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1000 River Road, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA.
| | - Jorge A Suárez-Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga 29010, Spain.
- Dermatology and Medicine Department, University of Málaga, Málag 29071, Spain.
| | - Angeles Juarranz
- Biology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28903, Spain.
| | - Avani Devmurari
- School of Natural Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1000 River Road, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA.
| | | | - Salvador González
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10022, USA.
- Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Alcala University, Madrid 28034, Spain.
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Wang Y, Zhang GY, Han QL, Wang J, Li Y, Yu CH, Li YR, Yi ZC. Phenolic metabolites of benzene induced caspase-dependent cytotoxicities to K562 cells accompanied with decrease in cell surface sialic acids. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1437-1451. [PMID: 23776099 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzene-induced erythropoietic depression has been proposed to be due to the production of toxic metabolites. Presently, the cytotoxicities of benzene metabolites, including phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, and 1,2,4-benzenetriol, to erythroid progenitor-like K562 cells were investigated. After exposure to these metabolites, K562 cells showed significant inhibition of viability and apoptotic characteristics. Each metabolite caused a significant increase in activities of caspase-3, -8, and -9, and pretreatment with caspase-3, -8, and -9 inhibitors significantly inhibited benzene metabolites-induced phosphatidylserine exposure. These metabolites also elevated expression of Fas and FasL on the cell surface. After exposure to benzene metabolites, K562 cells showed an increase in reactive oxygen species level, and pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine significantly protected against the cytotoxicity of each metabolite. Interestingly, the control K562 cells and the phenol-exposed cells aggregated together, but the cells exposed to other metabolites were scattered. Further analysis showed that hydroquione, catechol, and 1,2,4-benzenetriol induced a decrease in the cell surface sialic acid levels and an increase in the cell surface sialidase activity, but phenol did not cause any changes in sialic acid levels and sialidase activity. Consistently, an increase in expression level of sialidase Neu3 mRNA and a decrease in mRNA level of sialyltransferase ST3GAL3 gene were detected in hydroquione-, catechol-, or 1,2,4-benzenetriol-treated cells, but no change in mRNA levels of two genes were found in phenol-treated cells. In conclusion, these benzene metabolites could induce apoptosis of K562 cells mainly through caspase-8-dependent pathway and ROS production, and sialic acid metabolism might play a role in the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Lee YC, Hsiao NW, Tseng TS, Chen WC, Lin HH, Leu SJ, Yang EW, Tsai KC. Phage display-mediated discovery of novel tyrosinase-targeting tetrapeptide inhibitors reveals the significance of N-terminal preference of cysteine residues and their functional sulfur atom. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 87:218-30. [PMID: 25403678 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.094185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a key copper-containing enzyme involved in melanin biosynthesis, is closely associated with hyperpigmentation disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, and as such, it is an essential target in medicine and cosmetics. Known tyrosinase inhibitors possess adverse side effects, and there are no safety regulations; therefore, it is necessary to develop new inhibitors with fewer side effects and less toxicity. Peptides are exquisitely specific to their in vivo targets, with high potencies and relatively few off-target side effects. Thus, we systematically and comprehensively investigated the tyrosinase-inhibitory abilities of N- and C-terminal cysteine/tyrosine-containing tetrapeptides by constructing a phage-display random tetrapeptide library and conducting computational molecular docking studies on novel tyrosinase tetrapeptide inhibitors. We found that N-terminal cysteine-containing tetrapeptides exhibited the most potent tyrosinase-inhibitory abilities. The positional preference of cysteine residues at the N terminus in the tetrapeptides significantly contributed to their tyrosinase-inhibitory function. The sulfur atom in cysteine moieties of N- and C-terminal cysteine-containing tetrapeptides coordinated with copper ions, which then tightly blocked substrate-binding sites. N- and C-terminal tyrosine-containing tetrapeptides functioned as competitive inhibitors against mushroom tyrosinase by using the phenol ring of tyrosine to stack with the imidazole ring of His263, thus competing for the substrate-binding site. The N-terminal cysteine-containing tetrapeptide CRVI exhibited the strongest tyrosinase-inhibitory potency (with an IC50 of 2.7 ± 0.5 μM), which was superior to those of the known tyrosinase inhibitors (arbutin and kojic acid) and outperformed kojic acid-tripeptides, mimosine-FFY, and short-sequence oligopeptides at inhibiting mushroom tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Lee
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Antibody and Hybridoma Core Facility (Y.-C.L.), and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine (S.-J.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan (N.-W.H., T.-S.T., H.-H.L.); National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan (T.-S.T., H.-H.L., K.-C.T.); The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California (E.-W.Y.)
| | - Nai-Wan Hsiao
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Antibody and Hybridoma Core Facility (Y.-C.L.), and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine (S.-J.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan (N.-W.H., T.-S.T., H.-H.L.); National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan (T.-S.T., H.-H.L., K.-C.T.); The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California (E.-W.Y.)
| | - Tien-Sheng Tseng
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Antibody and Hybridoma Core Facility (Y.-C.L.), and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine (S.-J.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan (N.-W.H., T.-S.T., H.-H.L.); National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan (T.-S.T., H.-H.L., K.-C.T.); The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California (E.-W.Y.)
| | - Wang-Chuan Chen
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Antibody and Hybridoma Core Facility (Y.-C.L.), and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine (S.-J.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan (N.-W.H., T.-S.T., H.-H.L.); National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan (T.-S.T., H.-H.L., K.-C.T.); The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California (E.-W.Y.)
| | - Hui-Hsiung Lin
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Antibody and Hybridoma Core Facility (Y.-C.L.), and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine (S.-J.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan (N.-W.H., T.-S.T., H.-H.L.); National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan (T.-S.T., H.-H.L., K.-C.T.); The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California (E.-W.Y.)
| | - Sy-Jye Leu
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Antibody and Hybridoma Core Facility (Y.-C.L.), and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine (S.-J.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan (N.-W.H., T.-S.T., H.-H.L.); National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan (T.-S.T., H.-H.L., K.-C.T.); The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California (E.-W.Y.)
| | - Ei-Wen Yang
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Antibody and Hybridoma Core Facility (Y.-C.L.), and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine (S.-J.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan (N.-W.H., T.-S.T., H.-H.L.); National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan (T.-S.T., H.-H.L., K.-C.T.); The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California (E.-W.Y.)
| | - Keng-Chang Tsai
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Antibody and Hybridoma Core Facility (Y.-C.L.), and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine (S.-J.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan (N.-W.H., T.-S.T., H.-H.L.); National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan (T.-S.T., H.-H.L., K.-C.T.); The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (W.-C.C.); and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California (E.-W.Y.)
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13
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Jorge ATS, Arroteia KF, Santos ÍA, Andres E, Medina SPH, Ferrari CR, Lourenço CB, Biaggio RMTT, Moreira PL. Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi extract and linoleic acid from Passiflora edulis synergistically decrease melanin synthesis in B16 cells and reconstituted epidermis. Int J Cosmet Sci 2012; 34:435-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. T. S. Jorge
- Natura Innovation and Product Technology Ltda; Cajamar; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - K. F. Arroteia
- Natura Innovation and Product Technology Ltda; Cajamar; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Í. A. Santos
- Natura Innovation and Product Technology Ltda; Cajamar; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - E. Andres
- Natura Innovation and Product Technology SAS; Paris; 75116; France
| | - S. P. H. Medina
- Natura Innovation and Product Technology Ltda; Cajamar; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - C. R. Ferrari
- Natura Innovation and Product Technology Ltda; Cajamar; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - C. B. Lourenço
- Natura Innovation and Product Technology Ltda; Cajamar; São Paulo; Brazil
| | | | - P. L. Moreira
- Natura Innovation and Product Technology Ltda; Cajamar; São Paulo; Brazil
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14
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Mao XW, Mekonnen T, Kennedy AR, Gridley DS. Differential expression of oxidative stress and extracellular matrix remodeling genes in low- or high-dose-rate photon-irradiated skin. Radiat Res 2011; 176:187-97. [PMID: 21574862 DOI: 10.1667/rr2493.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the expression of genes implicated in oxidative stress and in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and selected protein expression profiles in mouse skin were examined after exposure to low-dose-rate or high-dose-rate photon irradiation. ICR mice received whole-body γ rays to total doses of 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 Gy at dose rates of 50 cGy/h or 50 cGy/min. Skin tissues were harvested for characterization at 4 h after irradiation. For oxidative stress after low-dose-rate exposure, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 Gy significantly altered 27, 23 and 25 genes, respectively, among 84 genes assessed (P < 0.05). At doses as low as 0.25 Gy, many genes responsible for regulating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly altered, with changes >2-fold compared to 0 Gy. For an ECM profile, 18-20 out of 84 genes were significantly up- or downregulated after low-dose-rate exposure. After high-dose-rate irradiation, of 84 genes associated with oxidative stress, 16, 22 and 22 genes were significantly affected after 0.25, 0.5 and 1 Gy, respectively. Compared to low-dose-rate radiation, high-dose-rate exposure resulted in different ECM gene expression profiles. The most striking changes after low-dose-rate or high-dose-rate exposure on ECM profiles were on genes encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), e.g., Mmp2 and Mmp15 for low dose rate and Mmp9 and Mmp11 for high dose rate. Immunostaining for MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins showed radiation dose rate-dependent differences. These data revealed that exposure to low total doses with low-dose-rate or high-dose-rate photon radiation induced oxidative stress and ECM-associated alterations in gene expression profiles. The expression of many genes was differentially regulated by different total dose and/or dose-rate regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wen Mao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Radiation Research Laboratories, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California 92354, USA.
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15
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Philips N, Auler S, Hugo R, Gonzalez S. Beneficial regulation of matrix metalloproteinases for skin health. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:427285. [PMID: 21423679 PMCID: PMC3057026 DOI: 10.4061/2011/427285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essential to the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. While their upregulation facilitates aging and cancer, they are essential to epidermal differentiation and the prevention of wound scars. The pharmaceutical industry is active in identifying products that inhibit MMPs to prevent or treat aging and cancer and products that stimulate MMPs to prevent epidermal hyperproliferative diseases and wound scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Philips
- School of Natural Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, H-DH4-03, 1000 River Road, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA
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16
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Ejaz S, Chekarova I, Ahmad M, Nasir A, Ashraf M, Lim CW. Pollution dilemma in Asian population: CNG and wound healing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2009; 28:323-332. [PMID: 21784023 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Automobile exhaust constituents contribute significantly to air pollution in urban areas and compressed natural gas (CNG) is considered one of the most promising fuel alternatives for the future. CNG-powered four-stroke engine auto-rickshaws are ubiquitous in South Asian cities as taxi and for commercial transportation. Automotive exhaust contains several toxins, which are overwhelmingly toxic to the processes of wound healing. By utilizing the in vivo mouse model of wound healing, this report analyzes the effects of CNG-powered four-stroke auto-rickshaws smoke solution (4SARSS) on different events of wound healing; dermal matrix regeneration, re-epithelialization and neovascularization. A total of 72 adult mice, divided in eight groups were exposed to 4SARSS for 12 days. A highly significant reduction (P<0.001) in wound closure was observed among all 4SARSS treated groups, at each time point of the experiment. An immature development in both the neoepidermis and the neodermis was observed among all 4SARSS treated wounds with defective re-epithelialization, dermal matrix regeneration and maturation of collagen bundles. Abbott curve, angular spectrum, 3D surface topographies, and histological investigations of wounds explicated highly significant activation (P<0.001) of delayed-neovascularization among 4SARSS treated wounds. All these annotations advocate excessive toxicity of emission from CNG-powered auto-rickshaws to the process of wound healing and people occupationally exposed to this toxic emissions may suffer varying degree of delayed wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, R3 Stroke Unit, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Angiogenesis and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea
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17
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Giuliano M, Stellavato A, Cammarota M, Lamberti M, Miraglia N, Sannolo N, De Rosa M. Effects of low concentrations of benzene on human lung cells in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2009; 188:130-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Beneficial regulation of matrixmetalloproteinases and their inhibitors, fibrillar collagens and transforming growth factor-beta by Polypodium leucotomos, directly or in dermal fibroblasts, ultraviolet radiated fibroblasts, and melanoma cells. Arch Dermatol Res 2009; 301:487-95. [PMID: 19373483 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-0950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) that gives tissue its structural integrity is remodeled in skin aging/photoaging and cancer via the increased expression/activities of matrixmetalloproteinases (MMP), inhibition of the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP), or inhibition of collagen synthesis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a predominant regulator of the ECM, is inhibited in aging/photoaging and stimulated in carcinogenesis. P. leucotomos (fern) extract has potential to counteract these alterations via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and photoprotective properties. The goal of this research was to determine the efficacy of P. leucotomos to (a) directly inhibit MMP-1, 2, 3, and 9 activities, (b) inhibit MMP-2, and stimulate TIMPs, fibrillar collagens and TGF-beta in non-irradiated or ultraviolet (UV) radiated fibroblasts, and (c) inhibit MMPs and TGF-beta, and stimulate TIMPs in melanoma cells. To this purpose, we examined the direct effect of P. leucotomos (0-1%) on MMPs' activities, and its effects on the expression (protein and/or transcription levels) of (1) MMPs and TIMPs in dermal fibroblasts, and melanoma cells, (2) TGF-beta in non-irradiated, UVA (2.5 J/cm2) or UVB (2.5 mJ/cm2) irradiated fibroblasts, and melanoma cells, and (3) types I, III, and V collagen in non-irradiated or UV irradiated fibroblasts. P. leucotomos directly inhibited the activities of MMPs as well as the expression of MMPs in fibroblasts, and melanoma cells while stimulating the expression of TIMPs in these cells. P. leucotomos stimulated types I, III, and V collagen in non-irradiated fibroblasts, and types I and V collagen in UV radiated fibroblasts. P. leucotomos had predominant stimulatory effects on TGF-beta expression in non-irradiated or UV radiated fibroblasts, and inhibited TGF-beta expression in melanoma cells. The effects of P. leucotomos were largely similar to that of ascorbic acid. P. leucotomos demonstrated dual protective effects on the ECM via its inhibition of the ECM proteolytic enzymes and the stimulation of the structural ECM collagens. The effects of P. leucotomos on fibroblasts and melanoma cells may be partly via its cell-specific regulation of TGF-beta expression and partly via its antioxidant property. The intake or topical application of P. leucotomos may be beneficial to skin health, in aging and cancer prevention or treatment.
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19
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Philips N, Keller T, Hendrix C, Hamilton S, Arena R, Tuason M, Gonzalez S. Regulation of the extracellular matrix remodeling by lutein in dermal fibroblasts, melanoma cells, and ultraviolet radiation exposed fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res 2007; 299:373-9. [PMID: 17710425 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-007-0779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
With aging and cancer there is increased expression or activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade and remodel the structural extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, exposure of skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (photoaging) leads to loss of cell viability, membrane damage, and deposition of excessive elastotic material. Lutein has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, photoprotective, and anti-carcinogenic properties. The goal of this research was to investigate lutein's anti-aging and anti-carcinogenic effects via the regulation of the extracellular matrix remodeling. To this purpose, the effects of lutein on the expression of MMPs and their inhibitors (TIMPs, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases) in dermal fibroblasts (intrinsic aging) and melanoma cells were examined. Further, for lutein's photoprotective effects, the regulation of cell viability, membrane integrity, and elastin expression in the non-irradiated, and UVA or UVB radiation exposed fibroblasts were analyzed. Lutein significantly inhibited MMP-1 expression, transcriptionally, and MMP-2 protein levels in dermal fibroblasts, without altering TIMPs expression. It significantly inhibited MMP-1 expression in melanoma cells while stimulating TIMP-2. Lutein did not alter fibroblast or melanoma cell viability or membrane integrity. In ultraviolet radiation exposed fibroblasts, lutein improved cell viability, membrane integrity and inhibited elastin expression, though more significantly in the UVB exposed fibroblasts. In summary, the mechanism to lutein's anti-aging and anti-carcinogenic effects include the inhibition of MMP to TIMP ratio in dermal fibroblasts and melanoma cells, and the inhibition of cell loss, membrane damage and elastin expression in ultraviolet radiation exposed fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Philips
- School of Science and Mathematics, Georgian Court University, Lakewood, NJ, USA.
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20
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Philips N, Keller T, Holmes C. Reciprocal effects of ascorbate on cancer cell growth and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and transforming growth factor-beta. Cancer Lett 2007; 256:49-55. [PMID: 17602832 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is associated with increased cell growth, and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). The dose-dependent effects of ascorbate (Vitamin C) on cancer cell growth, and expression of MMPs and TGF-beta were examined. Renal-adenocarcinoma, melanoma and mammary cancer cells were dosed with 0-100mM ascorbate and examined for cell survival or proliferation, and expression of MMP-1, MMP-2 and TGF-beta at protein and/or mRNA levels. The lower concentrations of ascorbate significantly inhibited cancer cell viability while stimulating MMPs and TGF-beta expression, indicating elimination of cancer cells with damage to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Conversely, ascorbate at higher concentrations dramatically stimulated cell proliferation and inhibited MMPs and TGF-beta expression, implicating growth and ECM advantage.
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