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Abstract
Lin28a has diverse functions including regulation of cancer, reprogramming and regeneration, but whether it promotes injury or is a protective reaction to renal injury is unknown. We studied how Lin28a acts in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis following unilateral ureteral obstruction, in a mouse model. We further defined the role of Lin28a in transforming growth factor (TGF)-signaling pathways in renal fibrosis through in vitro study using human tubular epithelium-like HK-2 cells. In the mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction model, obstruction markedly decreased the expression of Lin28a, increased the expression of renal fibrotic markers such as type I collagen, α-SMA, vimentin and fibronectin. In TGF-β-stimulated HK-2 cells, the expression of Lin28a was reduced and the expression of renal fibrotic markers such as type I collagen, α-SMA, vimentin and fibronectin was increased. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Lin28a inhibited the expression of TGF-β-stimulated type I collagen, α-SMA, vimentin and fibronectin. Lin28a inhibited TGF-β-stimulated SMAD3 activity, via inhibition of SMAD3 phos-phorylation, but not the MAPK pathway ERK, JNK or p38. Lin28a attenuates renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy, making its mechanism a possible therapeutic target for chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwon-Soo Jung
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Hwang
- Division of Electronics & Information System, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Choi
- Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Min Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea
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2
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Cognitive, emotional and social phenotyping of mice in an observer-independent setting. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 150:136-150. [PMID: 29474958 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Based on the intellicage paradigm, we have developed a novel cognitive, emotional and social phenotyping battery that permits comprehensive standardized behavioral characterization of mice in an experimenter-independent social setting. Evaluation of this battery in a large number of male and female C57BL/6 wildtype mice, tested in >20 independent cohorts, revealed high reproducibility of the behavioral readouts and may serve as future reference tool. We noticed robust sex-specific differences in general activity, cognitive and emotional behavior, but not regarding preference for social pheromones. Specifically, female mice revealed higher activity, decreased sucrose preference, impaired reversal and place-time-reward learning. Furthermore, female mice reacted more sensitively than males to reward-withdrawal showing a negative emotional contrast/Crespi-effect. In a series of validation experiments, we tested mice with different pathologies, including neuroligin-3 deficient mice (male Nlgn3y/- and female Nlgn3+/-) for autistic behavior, oligodendrocyte-specific erythropoietin receptor knockout (oEpoR-/-) mice for cognitive impairment, as well as mouse models of renal failure (unilateral ureteral obstruction and 5/6 nephrectomy) and of type 2 diabetes (ApoE-/-) - for delineating potentially confounding effects of motivational factors (thirst, glucose-craving) on learning and memory assessments. As prominent features, we saw in Nlgn3 mutants reduced preference for social pheromones, whereas oEpoR-/- mice showed learning deficits in place or reversal learning tasks. Renal failure led to increased water intake, and diabetic metabolism to enhanced glucose preference, limiting interpretation of hereon based learning and memory performance in these mice. The phenotyping battery presented here may be well-suited as high-throughput multifaceted diagnostic instrument for translational neuropsychiatry and behavioral genetics.
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Zeisberg M, Tampe B, LeBleu V, Tampe D, Zeisberg EM, Kalluri R. Thrombospondin-1 deficiency causes a shift from fibroproliferative to inflammatory kidney disease and delays onset of renal failure. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2687-98. [PMID: 25111226 PMCID: PMC4715225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) is a multifunctional matricellular protein known to promote progression of chronic kidney disease. To gain insight into the underlying mechanisms through which TSP1 accelerates chronic kidney disease, we compared disease progression in Col4a3 knockout (KO) mice, which develop spontaneous kidney failure, with that of Col4a3;Tsp1 double-knockout (DKO) mice. Decline of excretory renal function was significantly delayed in the absence of TSP1. Although Col4a3;Tsp1 DKO mice did progress toward end-stage renal failure, their kidneys exhibited distinct histopathological lesions, compared with creatinine level-matched Col4a3 KO mice. Although kidneys of both Col4a3 KO and Col4a3;Tsp1 DKO mice exhibited a widened tubulointerstitium, predominant lesions in Col4a3 KO kidneys were collagen deposition and fibroblast accumulation, whereas in Col4a3;Tsp1 DKO kidney inflammation was predominant, with less collagen deposition. Altered disease progression correlated with impaired activation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in vivo and in vitro in the absence of TSP1. In summary, our findings suggest that TSP1 contributes to progression of chronic kidney disease by catalyzing activation of latent TGF-β1, resulting in promotion of a fibroproliferative response over an inflammatory response. Furthermore, the findings suggest that fibroproliferative and inflammatory lesions are independent entities, both of which contribute to decline of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zeisberg
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Björn Tampe
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Valerie LeBleu
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Cancer Biology and the Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Desiree Tampe
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elisabeth M Zeisberg
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Cancer Biology and the Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Cancer Biology and the Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Pereira RL, Felizardo RJF, Cenedeze MA, Hiyane MI, Bassi EJ, Amano MT, Origassa CST, Silva RC, Aguiar CF, Carneiro SM, Pesquero JB, Araújo RC, Keller ADC, Monteiro RC, Moura IC, Pacheco-Silva A, Câmara NOS. Balance between the two kinin receptors in the progression of experimental focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in mice. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:701-10. [PMID: 24742784 PMCID: PMC4036477 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.014548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is one of the most important renal diseases related to end-stage renal failure. Bradykinin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal inflammation, whereas the role of its receptor 2 (B2RBK; also known as BDKRB2) in FSGS has not been studied. FSGS was induced in wild-type and B2RBK-knockout mice by a single intravenous injection of Adriamycin (ADM). In order to further modulate the kinin receptors, the animals were also treated with the B2RBK antagonist HOE-140 and the B1RBK antagonist DALBK. Here, we show that the blockage of B2RBK with HOE-140 protects mice from the development of FSGS, including podocyte foot process effacement and the re-establishment of slit-diaphragm-related proteins. However, B2RBK-knockout mice were not protected from FSGS. These opposite results were due to B1RBK expression. B1RBK was upregulated after the injection of ADM and this upregulation was exacerbated in B2RBK-knockout animals. Furthermore, treatment with HOE-140 downregulated the B1RBK receptor. The blockage of B1RBK in B2RBK-knockout animals promoted FSGS regression, with a less-inflammatory phenotype. These results indicate a deleterious role of both kinin receptors in an FSGS model and suggest a possible cross-talk between them in the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Luiz Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil. Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Raphael José Ferreira Felizardo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Cenedeze
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Meire Ioshie Hiyane
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Enio José Bassi
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Mariane Tami Amano
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Clarice Sylvia Taemi Origassa
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Correia Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Translational Medicine Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-002, Brazil
| | - Cristhiane Fávero Aguiar
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Mendes Carneiro
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - João Bosco Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Carvalho Araújo
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Alexandre de Castro Keller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Renato C Monteiro
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 699, Paris 75870, France
| | - Ivan Cruz Moura
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 699, Paris 75870, France
| | - Alvaro Pacheco-Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil. Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Renal Transplantation Unit, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo 05521-000, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-900, Brazil. Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
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Zeng J, Dou Y, Guo J, Wu X, Dai Y. Paeoniflorin of Paeonia lactiflora prevents renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:753-759. [PMID: 23535189 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF), the major active constituent of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, has previously been reported to alleviate hepatic fibrosis. Whether and how it affects renal fibrosis was evaluated in the present study. The experimental renal fibrosis was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) operation in mice, and PF was orally administered for consecutive 7 days. Renal interstitial destruction and fibrosis degree were evaluated by histopathological examination and hydroxyproline assay. It was shown that PF treatment markedly ameliorated renal interstitial fibrotic lesions, attenuated synthesis of collagen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an important inhibitor of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes, in UUO mice. PF also suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by down-regulating TGF-β1 expression and maintaining BMP-7 mRNA expression, and inhibited Smad2/3 activation in fibrotic kidneys induced by UUO. These observations suggest that PF can effectively prevent renal interstitial fibrosis, and the underlying mechanisms are, at least in part, through blocking EMT via BMP-7 recovery and TGF-β/Smad signaling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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Zeisberg M, Kalluri R. Cellular mechanisms of tissue fibrosis. 1. Common and organ-specific mechanisms associated with tissue fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 304:C216-25. [PMID: 23255577 PMCID: PMC3566435 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00328.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological scarring process that leads to destruction of organ architecture and impairment of organ function. Chronic loss of organ function in most organs, including bone marrow, heart, intestine, kidney, liver, lung, and skin, is associated with fibrosis, contributing to an estimated one third of natural deaths worldwide. Effective therapies to prevent or to even reverse existing fibrotic lesions are not yet available in any organ. There is hope that an understanding of common fibrosis pathways will lead to development of antifibrotic therapies that are effective in all of these tissues in the future. Here we review common and organ-specific pathways of tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zeisberg
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Göttingen University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany.
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Pereira RL, Reis VO, Semedo P, Buscariollo BN, Donizetti-Oliveira C, Cenedeze MA, Soares MF, Pacheco-Silva A, Savage PB, Câmara NOS, Keller AC. Invariant natural killer T cell agonist modulates experimental focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32454. [PMID: 22427838 PMCID: PMC3299669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence demonstrates a correlation between Th2 cytokines and the development of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Therefore, we hypothesized that GSL-1, a monoglycosylceramide from Sphingomonas ssp. with pro-Th1 activity on invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) lymphocytes, could counterbalance the Th2 profile and modulate glomerulosclerosis. Using an adriamycin(ADM)-based model of FSGS, we found that BALB/c mice presented albuminuria and glomerular degeneration in association with a Th2-like pro-fibrogenic profile; these mice also expressed a combination of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-17, TNF-α, and chemokines, such as RANTES and eotaxin. In addition, we observed a decrease in the mRNA levels of GD3 synthase, the enzyme responsible for GD3 metabolism, a glycolipid associated with podocyte physiology. GSL-1 treatment inhibited ADM-induced renal dysfunction and preserved kidney architecture, a phenomenon associated with the induction of a Th1-like response, increased levels of GD3 synthase transcripts and inhibition of pro-fibrotic transcripts and inflammatory cytokines. TGF-β analysis revealed increased levels of circulating protein and tissue transcripts in both ADM- and GSL-1-treated mice, suggesting that TGF-β could be associated with both FSGS pathology and iNKT-mediated immunosuppression; therefore, we analyzed the kidney expression of phosphorylated SMAD2/3 and SMAD7 proteins, molecules associated with the deleterious and protective effects of TGF-β, respectively. We found high levels of phosphoSMAD2/3 in ADM mice in contrast to the GSL-1 treated group in which SMAD7 expression increased. These data suggest that GSL-1 treatment modulates the downstream signaling of TGF-β through a renoprotective pathway. Finally, GSL-1 treatment at day 4, a period when proteinuria was already established, was still able to improve renal function, preserve renal structure and inhibit fibrogenic transcripts. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that the iNKT agonist GSL-1 modulates the pathogenesis of ADM-induced glomerulosclerosis and may provide an alternative approach to disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L. Pereira
- Departamento de Medicina – Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vanessa O. Reis
- Departamento de Medicina – Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Patricia Semedo
- Departamento de Medicina – Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Bruna N. Buscariollo
- Departamento de Medicina – Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Marcos A. Cenedeze
- Departamento de Medicina – Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria Fernanda Soares
- Departamento de Medicina – Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alvaro Pacheco-Silva
- Departamento de Medicina – Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Unidade de Transplante Renal, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Paul B. Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America
| | - Niels O. S. Câmara
- Departamento de Medicina – Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Alexandre C. Keller
- Departamento de Medicina – Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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He D, Lee L, Yang J, Wang X. Preventive effects and mechanisms of rhein on renal interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 34:1219-26. [PMID: 21804209 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is a common outcome of a variety of chronic renal diseases. Here we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of rhein on renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and investigated the potential mechanisms. Mice underwent UUO, followed by orally administrated rhein (150 mg/kg/d) or control vehicle. Renal interstitial injury and the degree of fibrosis were evaluated by pathological staining and Western blot. The possible mechanisms were studied by Western blot, indirect immune-fluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results showed that rhein therapy markedly ameliorated renal interstitial fibrotic lesions, reduced α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, attenuated deposition of fibronectin (FN). Rhein also suppressed transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and its type I receptor expression in obstructed kidneys. In vitro, rhein abolished the α-SMA and fibronectin expression of rat kidney interstitial fibroblasts cells (NRK-49F) induced by TGF-β1. These observations strongly suggest that rhein is a potent inhibitor of renal interstitial fibrosis, and its therapeutic mechanism is, at least in part, blocking interstitial fibroblasts cells activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyuan He
- First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
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Pereira RL, Buscariollo BN, Corrêa-Costa M, Semedo P, Oliveira CD, Reis VO, Maquigussa E, Araújo RC, Braga TT, Soares MF, Moura IC, Malheiros DMAC, Filho APS, Keller AC, Câmara NOS. Bradykinin receptor 1 activation exacerbates experimental focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 2011; 79:1217-27. [PMID: 21412216 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is one of the most important causes of end-stage renal failure. The bradykinin B1 receptor has been associated with tissue inflammation and renal fibrosis. To test for a role of the bradykinin B1 receptor in podocyte injury, we pharmacologically modulated its activity at different time points in an adriamycin-induced mouse model of FSGS. Estimated albuminuria and urinary protein to creatinine ratios correlated with podocytopathy. Adriamycin injection led to loss of body weight, proteinuria, and upregulation of B1 receptor mRNA. Early treatment with a B1 antagonist reduced albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, and inhibited the adriamycin-induced downregulation of podocin, nephrin, and α-actinin-4 expression. Moreover, delayed treatment with antagonist also induced podocyte protection. Conversely, a B1 agonist aggravated renal dysfunction and even further suppressed the levels of podocyte-related molecules. Thus, we propose that kinin has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of FSGS operating through bradykinin B1 receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L Pereira
- Departamento de Medicina, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica e Experimental, Disciplina de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Zeisberg EM, Potenta SE, Sugimoto H, Zeisberg M, Kalluri R. Fibroblasts in kidney fibrosis emerge via endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19:2282-7. [PMID: 18987304 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 687] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are key mediators of fibrosis in the kidney and other organs, but their origin during fibrosis is still not completely clear. Activated fibroblasts likely arise from resident quiescent fibroblasts via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and from the bone marrow. Here, we demonstrate that endothelial cells also contribute to the emergence of fibroblasts during kidney fibrosis via the process of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). We examined the contribution of EndMT to renal fibrosis in three mouse models of chronic kidney disease: (1) Unilateral ureteral obstructive nephropathy, (2) streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy, and (3) a model of Alport renal disease. Approximately 30 to 50% of fibroblasts coexpressed the endothelial marker CD31 and markers of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts such as fibroblast specific protein-1 and alpha-smooth muscle actin. Endothelial lineage tracing using Tie2-Cre;R26R-stop-EYFP transgenic mice further confirmed the presence of EndMT-derived fibroblasts. Collectively, our results demonstrate that EndMT contributes to the accumulation of activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in kidney fibrosis and suggest that targeting EndMT might have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Zeisberg
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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