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Rahman M, Baten A, Mauleon R, King GJ, Liu L, Barkla BJ. Identification, characterization and epitope mapping of proteins encoded by putative allergenic napin genes from Brassica rapa. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:848-868. [PMID: 32306538 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica rapeseed crops contain high concentrations of oil in the seed. The remaining meal, following oil extraction, has a high protein content, but is of low value due to the presence of high amounts of napin seed storage proteins. These 2S albumin-like proteins are difficult to digest and have been identified as major allergens in humans. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively characterize the napin gene (NG) family in Brassica rapa and to gain an understanding of the structural basis of allergenicity of the expressed proteins. METHODS To identify candidate napin genes in B rapa, 2S albumin-like napin genes of Arabidopsis thaliana were used as query sequences to search for similarity against the B rapa var. pekinensis Chiifu-401 v2 and the var. trilocularis R-o-18 v1.5 genomes. Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) and epitope modelling was carried out to determine structural and evolutionary relationships of NGs and their potential allergenicity. RESULTS Four candidate napin genes in R-o-18 and ten in Chiifu-401 were identified with high sequence similarity to A thaliana napin genes. Multiple sequence alignment revealed strong conservation among the candidate genes. An epitope survey indicated high conservation of allergenic epitope motifs with known 2S albumin-like allergens. CONCLUSION Napin is thought to be responsible for a high prevalence of food allergies. Characterization of the napin gene family in B rapa will give important insight into the protein structure, and epitope modelling will help to advance studies into allergenicity including the development of precise diagnostic screenings and therapies for this potential food allergy as well as the possible manipulation of napin levels in the seed by gene editing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudur Rahman
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdul Baten
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia.,Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ramil Mauleon
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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A Comprehensive Review on Mustard-Induced Allergy and Implications for Human Health. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2019; 57:39-54. [PMID: 29159565 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8651-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mustard is widely used in a variety of foods/food products to enhance the flavor and nutritional value that subsequently raise the risk of hypersensitivity reactions. Mustard allergy has been reported for many years and is increasing gradually especially in the areas where its consumption is comparatively higher, and it may be considered among the most important food allergies. A number of relevant clinical studies focused on mustard-induced allergic manifestations are summarized in the current review. In addition, the knowledge regarding the immunological as well as biochemical characteristics of mustard allergens that have been known till date and their cross-reactivity with other food allergens have also been discussed here. Notably, mustard may also be present as a hidden allergen in foods; therefore, it is important to recognize food products that may contain mustard as it may pose potential risk for the allergic individuals. Additionally, the better understanding of the underlying mechanism in mustard allergy is a prerequisite for the development of specific therapeutic procedures. Conclusively, mustard sensitivity should be routinely tested in patients with idiopathic anaphylaxis for the safety of the allergic patients.
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Food processing and allergenicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 80:223-240. [PMID: 25778347 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Food processing can have many beneficial effects. However, processing may also alter the allergenic properties of food proteins. A wide variety of processing methods is available and their use depends largely on the food to be processed. In this review the impact of processing (heat and non-heat treatment) on the allergenic potential of proteins, and on the antigenic (IgG-binding) and allergenic (IgE-binding) properties of proteins has been considered. A variety of allergenic foods (peanuts, tree nuts, cows' milk, hens' eggs, soy, wheat and mustard) have been reviewed. The overall conclusion drawn is that processing does not completely abolish the allergenic potential of allergens. Currently, only fermentation and hydrolysis may have potential to reduce allergenicity to such an extent that symptoms will not be elicited, while other methods might be promising but need more data. Literature on the effect of processing on allergenic potential and the ability to induce sensitisation is scarce. This is an important issue since processing may impact on the ability of proteins to cause the acquisition of allergic sensitisation, and the subject should be a focus of future research. Also, there remains a need to develop robust and integrated methods for the risk assessment of food allergenicity.
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Palomares O, Crameri R, Rhyner C. The contribution of biotechnology toward progress in diagnosis, management, and treatment of allergic diseases. Allergy 2014; 69:1588-601. [PMID: 25307026 DOI: 10.1111/all.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
'Biotechnology' has been intuitively used by humans since thousands of years for the production of foods, beverages, and drugs based on the experience without any scientific background. However, the golden era of this discipline emerged only during the second half of the last century. Incredible progresses have been achieved on all fields starting from the industrialization of the production of foods to the discovery of antibiotics, the decipherment of the genetic code, and rational approaches to understand and define the status we now call 'healthy'. The extremely complex interactions between genetic background, life style, and environmental factors influencing our continuously increasing life span have become more and more evident and steadily generate new questions which are only partly answered. Here, we try to summarize the contribution of biotechnology to our understanding, control, and cure of IgE-mediated allergic diseases. We are aware that a review of such a vast topic can never cover all aspects of the progress achieved in the different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - R. Crameri
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zürich; Davos Switzerland
| | - C. Rhyner
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF); University of Zürich; Davos Switzerland
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Sirvent S, Cantó B, Gómez F, Blanca N, Cuesta-Herranz J, Canto G, Blanca M, Rodríguez R, Villalba M, Palomares O. Detailed characterization of Act d 12 and Act d 13 from kiwi seeds: implication in IgE cross-reactivity with peanut and tree nuts. Allergy 2014; 69:1481-8. [PMID: 25041438 DOI: 10.1111/all.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Act d 12 (11S globulin) and Act d 13 (2S albumin) are two novel relevant allergens from kiwi seeds that might be useful to improve the diagnostic sensitivity and the management of kiwifruit-allergic patients. OBJECTIVE To perform a comprehensive structural and immunological characterization of purified Act d 12 and Act d 13 from kiwi seeds. METHODS Sera from 55 well-defined kiwifruit-allergic patients were used. Act d 12 and Act d 13 were purified by chromatographic procedures. Circular dichroism, mass spectrometry, concanavalin A detection, immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, basophil activation tests, and IgE-inhibition experiments were used. RESULTS Act d 12 and Act d 13 were purified from kiwi seeds to homogeneity by combining size-exclusion, ion-exchange, and RP-HPLC chromatographies. Both purified allergens preserve the structural integrity and display typical features of their homologous counterparts from the 11S globulin and 2S albumin protein families, respectively. These allergens are released from kiwi seeds after oral and gastric digestion of whole kiwifruit, demonstrating their bioavailability after ingestion. The allergens retain the capacity to bind serum IgE from kiwifruit-allergic patients, induce IgE cross-linking in effector-circulating basophils, and display in vitro IgE cross-reactivity with homologous counterparts from peanut and tree nuts. CONCLUSION Purified Act d 12 and Act d 13 from kiwi seeds are well-defined molecules involved in in vitro IgE cross-reactivity with peanut and tree nuts. Their inclusion in component-resolved diagnosis of kiwifruit allergy might well contribute to improve the diagnostic sensitivity and the management of kiwifruit-allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sirvent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - B. Cantó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - F. Gómez
- Allergy Service; Hospital Carlos Haya; Málaga Spain
| | - N. Blanca
- Allergy Service; Hospital Infanta Leonor; Madrid Spain
| | | | - G. Canto
- Allergy Service; Hospital Infanta Leonor; Madrid Spain
| | - M. Blanca
- Allergy Service; Hospital Carlos Haya; Málaga Spain
| | - R. Rodríguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - M. Villalba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - O. Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of allergenic foods and food ingredients for labelling purposes. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Elucidation of immediate type I reactions in native and GM mustard ( Brassica spp.). Food Res Int 2014; 64:810-821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sirvent S, Cantó B, Cuesta-Herranz J, Gómez F, Blanca N, Canto G, Blanca M, Rodríguez R, Villalba M, Palomares O. Act d 12 and Act d 13: Two novel, masked, relevant allergens in kiwifruit seeds. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:1765-7.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sirvent S, Akotenou M, Cuesta-Herranz J, Vereda A, Rodríguez R, Villalba M, Palomares O. The 11S globulin Sin a 2 from yellow mustard seeds shows IgE cross-reactivity with homologous counterparts from tree nuts and peanut. Clin Transl Allergy 2012; 2:23. [PMID: 23231956 PMCID: PMC3583068 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-2-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The 11S globulin Sin a 2 is a marker to predict severity of symptoms in mustard allergic patients. The potential implication of Sin a 2 in cross-reactivity with tree nuts and peanut has not been investigated so far. In this work, we studied at the IgG and IgE level the involvement of the 11S globulin Sin a 2 in cross-reactivity among mustard, tree nuts and peanut. Methods Eleven well-characterized mustard-allergic patients sensitized to Sin a 2 were included in the study. A specific anti-Sin a 2 serum was obtained in rabbit. Skin prick tests (SPT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting and IgG or IgE-inhibition immunoblotting experiments using purified Sin a 2, Sin a 1, Sin a 3, mustard, almond, hazelnut, pistachio, walnut or peanut extracts were performed. Results The rabbit anti-Sin a 2 serum showed high affinity and specificity to Sin a 2, which allowed us to demonstrate that Sin a 2 shares IgG epitopes with allergenic 11S globulins from tree nuts (almond, hazelnut, pistachio and walnut) but not from peanut. All the patients included in the study had positive skin prick test to tree nuts and/or peanut and we subdivided them into two different groups according to their clinical symptoms after ingestion of such allergenic sources. We showed that 11S globulins contain conserved IgE epitopes involved in cross-reactivity among mustard, tree nuts and peanut as well as species-specific IgE epitopes. Conclusions The allergenic 11S globulin Sin a 2 from mustard is involved in cross-reactivity at the IgE level with tree nuts and peanut. Although the clinical relevance of the cross-reactive IgE epitopes present in 11S globulins needs to be investigated in further detail, our results contribute to improve the diagnosis and management of mustard allergic patients sensitized to Sin a 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Sirvent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
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Vereda A, Sirvent S, Villalba M, Rodríguez R, Cuesta-Herranz J, Palomares O. Improvement of mustard (Sinapis alba) allergy diagnosis and management by linking clinical features and component-resolved approaches. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1304-7. [PMID: 21349575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Garino C, Zuidmeer L, Marsh J, Lovegrove A, Morati M, Versteeg S, Schilte P, Shewry P, Arlorio M, van Ree R. Isolation, cloning, and characterization of the 2S albumin: a new allergen from hazelnut. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 54:1257-65. [PMID: 20373288 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE 2S albumins are the major allergens involved in severe food allergy to nuts, seeds, and legumes. We aimed to isolate, clone, and express 2S albumin from hazelnut and determine its allergenicity. METHODS 2S albumin from hazelnut extract was purified using size exclusion chromatography and RP-HPLC. After N-terminal sequencing, degenerated and poly-d(T) primers were used to clone the 2S albumin sequence from hazelnut cDNA. After expression in Escherichia coli and affinity purification, IgE reactivity was evaluated by Immunoblot/ImmunoCAP (inhibition) analyses using sera of nut-allergic patients. RESULTS N-terminal sequencing of a approximately 10 kDa peak from size exclusion chromatography/RP-HPLC gave two sequences highly homologous to pecan 2S albumin, an 11 amino acid (aa) N-terminal and a 10 aa internal peptide. The obtained clone (441 bp) encoded a 147 aa hazelnut 2S albumin consisting of a putative signal peptide (22 aa), a linker peptide (20 aa), and the mature protein sequence (105 aa). The latter was successfully expressed in E. coli. Both recombinant and natural 2S albumin demonstrated similar IgE reactivity in Immunoblot/ImmunoCAP (inhibition) analyses. CONCLUSION We confirmed the postulated role of hazelnut 2S albumin as an allergen. The availability of recombinant molecules will allow establishing the importance of hazelnut 2S albumin for hazelnut allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Garino
- Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", DiSCAFF & Drug and Food Biotechnological Center, Novara, Italy
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic products, nutrition and allergies (NDA) related to a notification from IFF on mustard seed oil pursuant to Article 6, paragraph 11 of Directive 2000/13/EC. EFSA J 2007. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2007.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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13
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Schein CH, Ivanciuc O, Braun W. Bioinformatics approaches to classifying allergens and predicting cross-reactivity. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2007; 27:1-27. [PMID: 17276876 PMCID: PMC1941676 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Allergenic proteins from very different environmental sources have similar sequences and structures. This fact may account for multiple allergen syndromes, whereby a myriad of diverse plants and foods may induce a similar IgE-based reaction in certain patients. Identifying the common triggering protein in these sources, in silico, can aid designing individualized therapy for allergen sufferers. This article provides an overview of databases on allergenic proteins, and ways to identify common proteins that may be the cause of multiple allergy syndromes. The major emphasis is on the relational Structural Database of Allergenic Proteins (SDAP []), which includes cross-referenced data on the sequence, structure, and IgE epitopes of over 800 allergenic proteins, coupled with specially developed bioinformatics tools to group all allergens and identify discrete areas that may account for cross-reactivity. SDAP is freely available on the Web to clinicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H. Schein
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston TX 77555-0857
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston TX 77555-0857
| | - Ovidiu Ivanciuc
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston TX 77555-0857
| | - Werner Braun
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston TX 77555-0857
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Weber RW. On the cover. Wild mustard. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006; 97:A6. [PMID: 17069091 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Weber
- National Jewish Medical & Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Lidholm J, Ballmer-Weber BK, Mari A, Vieths S. Component-resolved diagnostics in food allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 6:234-40. [PMID: 16670520 DOI: 10.1097/01.all.0000225166.90768.d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss recent studies on component-resolved diagnostics in food allergy, involving panels of pure allergen molecules or arrays of peptides derived from allergen sequences, and to summarize the reporting of new food allergens during the past 2 years. RECENT FINDINGS Several component-resolved diagnostic studies in food allergy suggest that the use of panels of allergen molecules may allow refined clinical information to be obtained on the likelihood or severity of an allergic food reaction and regarding diagnostic specificity. Further, in some studies the use of pure allergen molecules has led to a clearly higher sensitivity of the immunoglobulin E immunoassay compared with conventional allergen extracts. SUMMARY While common diagnostic methods in allergy assess the presence or absence of allergen-specific sensitization, to date, no in-vitro or in-vivo test exists which exhibits full correlation with clinical food allergy. A multitude of recently reported findings and observations indicate that molecular analysis of allergen sensitization pattern may serve to enhance the clinical utility of immunoglobulin E antibody-based allergy diagnostics. Pure natural and recombinant allergen molecules as well as panels of synthetic peptides have been used for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lidholm
- Phadia AB, Research & Development Department, Uppsala, Sweden
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