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Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. E-Cadherin Expression in Relation to Clinicopathological Parameters and Survival of Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214383. [PMID: 36430858 PMCID: PMC9695266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that loss/reduction of E-cadherin expression on tumor cells promotes their migration, invasiveness, and metastasis. It is also an indicator of cancer cells' aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to assess how the expression of E-cadherin varies in primary ovarian cancer tissue in regard to overall survival of patients; FIGO stage; grade; histopathological type of tumor; and potential factors discriminating malignant and nonmalignant ovarian tumors. Our analysis was based on literature research (1 January 2000-8 November 2021) conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Most studies support the assumption that loss/reduced expression of E-cadherin results in shorter overall survival of EOC patients. Moreover, most research has shown that there is a correlation between the low level of E-cadherin and the advancement stage of disease, especially in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma type. However, E-cadherin expression seems to not be helpful to distinguish malignant and nonmalignant tumors. In conclusion, reduced E-cadherin expression in primary ovarian cancer tissue may indicate a less favorable disease outcome and is associated with high advancement of the disease.
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Karvonen H, Arjama M, Kaleva L, Niininen W, Barker H, Koivisto-Korander R, Tapper J, Pakarinen P, Lassus H, Loukovaara M, Bützow R, Kallioniemi O, Murumägi A, Ungureanu D. Glucocorticoids induce differentiation and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer by promoting ROR1-mediated stemness. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:790. [PMID: 32989221 PMCID: PMC7522257 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are routinely used in the clinic as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents as well as adjuvants during cancer treatment to mitigate the undesirable side effects of chemotherapy. However, recent studies have indicated that glucocorticoids may negatively impact the efficacy of chemotherapy by promoting tumor cell survival, heterogeneity, and metastasis. Here, we show that dexamethasone induces upregulation of ROR1 expression in ovarian cancer (OC), including platinum-resistant OC. Increased ROR1 expression resulted in elevated RhoA, YAP/TAZ, and BMI-1 levels in a panel of OC cell lines as well as primary ovarian cancer patient-derived cells, underlining the translational relevance of our studies. Importantly, dexamethasone induced differentiation of OC patient-derived cells ex vivo according to their molecular subtype and the phenotypic expression of cell differentiation markers. High-throughput drug testing with 528 emerging and clinical oncology compounds of OC cell lines and patient-derived cells revealed that dexamethasone treatment increased the sensitivity to several AKT/PI3K targeted kinase inhibitors, while significantly decreasing the efficacy of chemotherapeutics such as taxanes, as well as anti-apoptotic compounds such as SMAC mimetics. On the other hand, targeting ROR1 expression increased the efficacy of taxane drugs and SMAC mimetics, suggesting new combinatorial targeted treatments for patients with OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Karvonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mariliina Arjama
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Kaleva
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Wilhelmiina Niininen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harlan Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd., Tampere University Hospital, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Koivisto-Korander
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Tapper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pakarinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heini Lassus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Loukovaara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf Bützow
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, PO Box 400, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Astrid Murumägi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniela Ungureanu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland. .,Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Stone TW. Dependence and Guidance Receptors-DCC and Neogenin-In Partial EMT and the Actions of Serine Proteases. Front Oncol 2020; 10:94. [PMID: 32117748 PMCID: PMC7010924 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is an important concept in understanding the processes of oncogenesis, especially with respect to the relationship between cell proliferation and metastatic properties such as spontaneous cell motility, chemotaxic migration and tissue invasion. EMT is now recognized as a more complex phenomenon than an all-or-nothing event, in which different components of the EMT may have distinct roles in the physio-pathological regulation of cell function and which may in turn depend on differential interactions with cell constituents and metabolic products. This mini-review summarizes recent work on the induction of cancer properties in parallel with the presence of EMT activities in the presence of serine proteases, with the focus on those tumor suppressors known as “dependence” receptors such as neogenin and Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC). It is concluded that various forms of partial EMT should be given more detailed investigation and consideration as the results could have valuable implications for the development of disease-specific and patient-specific therapies.
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4
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McNair K, Forrest CM, Vincenten MCJ, Darlington LG, Stone TW. Serine protease modulation of Dependence Receptors and EMT protein expression. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 20:349-367. [PMID: 30403907 PMCID: PMC6370372 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1529109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the tumour suppressor Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and the related protein neogenin is reduced by the mammalian serine protease chymotrypsin or the bacterial serine protease subtilisin, with increased cell migration. The present work examines whether these actions are associated with changes in the expression of cadherins, β-catenin and vimentin, established markers of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) which has been linked with cell migration and tumour metastasis. The results confirm the depletion of DCC and neogenin and show that chymotrypsin and subtilisin also reduce expression of β-catenin in acutely prepared tissue sections but not in human mammary adenocarcinoma MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells cultured in normal media, or primary normal human breast cells. A loss of β-catenin was also seen in low serum media but transfecting cells with a dcc-containing plasmid induced resistance. E-cadherin was not consistently affected but vimentin was induced by low serum-containing media and was increased by serine proteases in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in parallel with increased wound closure. Vimentin might contribute to the promotion of cell migration. The results suggest that changes in EMT proteins depend on the cells or tissues concerned and do not parallel the expression of DCC and neogenin. The increased cell migration induced by serine proteases is not consistently associated with the expression of the EMT proteins implying either that the increased migration may be independent of EMT or supporting the view that EMT is not itself consistently related to migration. (241).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara McNair
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Caroline M. Forrest
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria C. J. Vincenten
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Trevor W. Stone
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- The Kennedy Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford UK
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5
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Long H, Li G, Wen X, Lv Y, Zhang M, Wei Y, Xie W, Zhong P, Pang L. Prognostic significance of β-catenin expression in patients with ovarian cancer: A meta-analysis. Gene 2018; 678:270-279. [PMID: 30103006 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of β-catenin immunohistochemical expression on the prognostic of ovarian cancer (OC) for that β-catenin could be responsible for the development and progress of OC. METHODS We searched various databases to identify eligible studies, and Review Managers 5.2 software was fulfilled in the meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were defined and composed in 1858 cases. β-catenin expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (OS) in OC patients (HR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.38-4.47, P = 0.003), and showed a significant degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 83%, P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis indicated that accumulation in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm, rather than membrane, considerably influences the survival of OC patients independently. CONCLUSION Nucleus and/or cytoplasma of β-catenin expression might be associated with tumor progression and could be a possible potential predictive factor of poor prognosis in OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huideng Long
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China; Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Ganxiong Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China; Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaoman Wen
- Department of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Shanghai Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yanmin Lv
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China; Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China; Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China; Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenting Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, North 2nd Road, Shihezi 832002, Xinjiang, China; Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital to Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.
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Zhang Y, Li F, Feng X, Yang H, Zhu A, Pang J, Han L, Zhang T, Yao X, Wang F. Genome-wide analysis of DNA Methylation profiles on sheep ovaries associated with prolificacy using whole-genome Bisulfite sequencing. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:759. [PMID: 28969601 PMCID: PMC5625832 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovulation rate and litter size are important reproductive traits in sheep with high economic value. Recent work has revealed a potential link between DNA methylation and prolificacy. However, a genome-wide study that sought to identify potential DNA methylation sites involved in sheep prolificacy indicated that it is still unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of Hu sheep ovaries by comparing a high-prolificacy group (HP, litter size of three for at least 2 consecutive lambings) and low prolificacy group (LP, litter size of one for at least 2 consecutive lambings) using deep whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). Results First, our results demonstrated lower expression levels of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) genes in the ovaries of the HP group than that in the ovaries of the LP group. Both groups showed similar proportions of methylation at CpG sites but different proportions at non-CpG sites. Subsequently, we identified 70,899 differential methylated regions (DMRs) of CG, 16 DMRs of CHG, 356 DMRs of CHH and 12,832 DMR-related genes(DMGs). Gene Ontology (GO) analyses revealed that some DMGs were involved in regulating female gonad development and ovarian follicle development. Finally, we found that 10 DMGs, including BMP7, BMPR1B, CTNNB1, FST, FSHR, LHCGR, TGFB2 and TGFB3, are more likely to be involved in prolificacy of Hu sheep, as assessed by correlation analysis and listed in detail. Conclusions This study revealed the global DNA methylation pattern of sheep ovaries associated with high and low prolificacy groups, which may contribute to a better understanding of the epigenetic regulation of sheep reproductive capacity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4068-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Fengzhe Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Aoxiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jing Pang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Le Han
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Xiaolei Yao
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center of Mutton Sheep and Goat Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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α4 contributes to bladder urothelial carcinoma cell invasion and/or metastasis via regulation of E-cadherin and is a predictor of outcome in bladder urothelial carcinoma patients. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:840-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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8
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Altered expression of β-catenin, E-cadherin, and E-cadherin promoter methylation in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2459-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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9
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Baldwin RM, Morettin A, Paris G, Goulet I, Côté J. Alternatively spliced protein arginine methyltransferase 1 isoform PRMT1v2 promotes the survival and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2012. [PMID: 23187807 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) and plays an important role in many cellular processes. Aberrant PRMT expression has been observed in several common cancer types; however, their precise contribution to the cell transformation process is not well understood. We previously reported that the PRMT1 gene generates several alternatively spliced isoforms, and our initial biochemical characterization of these isoforms revealed that they exhibit distinct substrate specificity and subcellular localization. We focus here on the PRMT1v2 isoform, which is the only predominantly cytoplasmic isoform, and we have found that its relative expression is increased in breast cancer cell lines and tumors. Specific depletion of PRMT1v2 using RNA interference caused a significant decrease in cancer cell survival due to an induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, depletion of PRMT1v2 in an aggressive cancer cell line significantly decreased cell invasion. We also demonstrate that PRMT1v2 overexpression in a non-aggressive cancer cell line was sufficient to render them more invasive. Importantly, this novel activity is specific to PRMT1v2, as overexpression of other isoforms did not enhance invasion. Moreover, this activity requires both proper subcellular localization and methylase activity. Lastly, PRMT1v2 overexpression altered cell morphology and reduced cell-cell adhesion, a phenomenon that we convincingly linked with reduced β-catenin protein expression. Overall, we demonstrate a specific role for PRMT1v2 in breast cancer cell survival and invasion, underscoring the importance of identifying and characterizing the distinct functional differences between PRMT1 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mitchell Baldwin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
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10
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Gonzalez RS, Shulman SC, Katzenstein HM, Steelman CK, Wulkan ML, Abramowsky CR, Cohen C, Davis GK, Shehata BM. Colorectal adenocarcinoma: a pediatric case review with a focus on mismatch repair gene mutations and E-cadherin expression. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2012; 15:192-8. [PMID: 21985494 DOI: 10.2350/11-04-1015-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC) is exceedingly rare in the pediatric population (fewer than 2 cases per 1 million children). There are 2 major categories of pediatric colorectal adenocarcinoma syndromes: polyposis-related and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, also known as Lynch syndrome. Germ line mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes (eg, MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, MSH6) have been established as the molecular genetic basis of Lynch syndrome. Another prognostic factor in adult CRAC is the reduced expression of epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), which has been associated with poor outcome in some adult CRAC cases; however, its role in predicting prognoses in pediatric cases remains unclear. Seven pediatric patients with primary CRAC were reviewed. Available molecular genetic test results were evaluated, and immunohistochemical labeling for MMR proteins and E-cadherin were performed on 5 patients. Four of the 5 patients in our study with available paraffin blocks showed loss of MMR protein expression, consistent with Lynch syndrome. In cases stained for E-cadherin, 3 were strongly positive and 2 were weakly positive; however, with the small sample size and the relatively short follow-up period, an accurate correlation between E-cadherin and prognosis cannot be reached with any degree of certainty. Our findings highlight the importance of genetic testing for MMR gene mutations in children with colorectal cancer and suggest further investigation into the prognostic role of E-cadherin in pediatric CRAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul S Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Ohishi Y, Kurihara S, Takeuchi T, Aman M, Kaku T, Kobayashi H, Wake N, Oda Y. E-cadherin nuclear staining is useful for the diagnosis of ovarian adult granulosa cell tumor. Hum Pathol 2011; 43:808-17. [PMID: 22079356 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We recently have demonstrated nuclear localization of E-cadherin in ovarian adult granulosa cell tumors (Histopathology 2011;58:423). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the diagnostic utility of E-cadherin nuclear staining for the differential diagnosis between ovarian adult granulosa cell tumor and its morphological mimics. Tissue samples taken from 81 ovarian tumors and 20 extraovarian tumors were immunohistochemically stained using monoclonal anti-E-cadherin antibody recognizing cytoplasmic domain (clone 36 supplied by BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). The ovarian tumors consisted of 30 adult granulosa cell tumors, 3 Sertoli-stromal cell tumors, 14 fibrothecomas, 5 carcinoid tumors, 1 large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, 18 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, and 10 poorly differentiated serous adenocarcinomas. Extraovarian tumors consisted of 16 uterine endometrial stromal neoplasms and 4 pulmonary small cell carcinomas. Only tumor cells with nuclear staining were considered positive in this study. Ninety percent of adult granulosa cell tumors, 67% of Sertoli-stromal cell tumors, 64% of fibrothecomas, 75% of endometrial stromal neoplasms, 75% of small cell carcinomas, and the one large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma showed E-cadherin nuclear expression, whereas all the ovarian carcinoid tumors, endometrioid adenocarcinomas, and poorly differentiated serous adenocarcinomas were negative. E-cadherin nuclear staining is useful in distinguishing between adult granulosa cell tumors and ovarian adenocarcinomas or carcinoid tumors. However, it is of limited use for distinguishing between adult granulosa cell tumors and endometrial stromal neoplasms or small cell carcinomas. E-cadherin should be included in the immunohistochemical panel for an accurate diagnosis of ovarian adult granulosa cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ohishi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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12
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Rao ZY, Cai MY, Yang GF, He LR, Mai SJ, Hua WF, Liao YJ, Deng HX, Chen YC, Guan XY, Zeng YX, Kung HF, Xie D. EZH2 supports ovarian carcinoma cell invasion and/or metastasis via regulation of TGF-beta1 and is a predictor of outcome in ovarian carcinoma patients. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1576-83. [PMID: 20668008 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It was suggested that the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) gene is a putative candidate oncogene in several types of human cancer. The potential oncogenic role of EZH2 and its clinical/prognostic significance, however, in ovarian carcinoma are unclear. In this study, EZH2 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in cohorts of normal and tumorous ovarian tissues. High expression of EZH2 was examined in none of the normal ovaries, in 3% of the cystadenomas, in 23% of the borderline tumors and in 50% of the ovarian carcinomas, respectively. In the ovarian carcinomas, high expression of EZH2 was positively correlated with an ascending histological grade and/or advanced stage of the disease (P < 0.05). Moreover, high expression of EZH2 in ovarian carcinoma was determined to be a strong and an independent predictor of short overall survival (P < 0.05). In ovarian carcinoma HO-8910 and UACC-326 cell lines, EZH2 knockdown by RNA interference led to a G(1) phase cell cycle arrest, reduced cell growth/proliferation and inhibited cell migration and/or invasion in vitro. In addition, EZH2 knockdown was found to reduce transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) expression and increase E-cadherin expression either in the transcript or in the protein levels. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between overexpression of EZH2 and TGF-beta1 in ovarian carcinoma tissues was observed (P < 0.001). These findings suggest a potential important role of EZH2 in the control of cell migration and/or invasion via the regulation of TGF-beta1 expression, and the high expression of EZH2, as detected by IHC, is an independent molecular marker for shortened survival time of patients with ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yue Rao
- The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510060 Guangzhou, China
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13
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Gatcliffe TA, Monk BJ, Planutis K, Holcombe RF. Wnt signaling in ovarian tumorigenesis. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 18:954-62. [PMID: 17986238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.01127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Data are emerging implicating Wnt signaling in ovarian tumorigenesis. We sought to review the current literature on the subject and discuss the pathway's potential role as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target. We conducted a systematic literature review of studies investigating the association between Wnt signaling and ovarian cancer. Search strategies included online searching of the MEDLINE database and hand searching of relevant publications and reviews. Additional reports were collected by systematically reviewing all references from retrieved papers. Twenty-nine papers were identified that directly investigate Wnt signaling and ovarian cancer. Mutations in the CTNNB1 gene that codes for beta-catenin, the key effector in the pathway, are directly linked to carcinogenic transformation but are mostly found in ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinomas, a histologic subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer. These mutations, along with others, lead to deregulation of the pathway and transcription of target genes. Differences in various intra- and extracellular components of the Wnt pathway have been demonstrated between normal ovarian and cancer cell lines and between benign tissue and ovarian cancer. These differences implicate Wnt signaling in the molecular events that lead to ovarian cancer development despite the fact that gene mutations are uncommon. The data suggest that Wnt signaling plays a role in ovarian tumorigenesis. The exact mechanisms by which this occurs need to be further elucidated. Wnt signaling is probably involved via multiple, diverse mechanisms. Further research in this area is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Gatcliffe
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California. USA.
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14
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Popadiuk CM, Xiong J, Wells MG, Andrews PG, Dankwa K, Hirasawa K, Lake BB, Kao KR. Antisense suppression of pygopus2 results in growth arrest of epithelial ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:2216-23. [PMID: 16609037 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Pygopus proteins are critical elements of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin transcriptional complex. In epithelial ovarian cancer, constitutively active Wnt signaling is restricted to one (endometrioid) tumor subtype. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of expression and growth requirements of human Pygopus2 (hPygo2) protein in epithelial ovarian cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expression and subcellular localization of hPygo2 was determined in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines and tumors using Northern blot, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence. Immunohistochemistry was done on 125 archived patient epithelial ovarian cancer tumors representing all epithelial ovarian cancer subtypes. T-cell factor-dependent transcription levels were determined in epithelial ovarian cancer cells using TOPflash/FOPflash in vivo assays. Phosphorothioated antisense oligonucleotides were transfected into cell lines and growth assayed by cell counting, anchorage-independent colony formation on soft agar, and xenografting into severe combined immunodeficient mice. RESULTS All six epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines and 82% of the patient samples overexpressed nuclear hPygo2 compared with control cells and benign disease. Depletion of hPygo2 by antisense oligonucleotides in both Wnt-active (TOV-112D) and Wnt-inactive serous (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3) and clear cell (TOV-21G) carcinoma cell lines halted growth, assessed using tissue culture, anchorage-independent, and xenograft assays. CONCLUSIONS hPygo2 is unexpectedly widely expressed in, and required in the absence of, Wnt signaling for malignant growth of epithelial ovarian cancer, the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. These findings strongly suggest that inhibition of hPygo2 may be of therapeutic benefit for treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy M Popadiuk
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratories, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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Yuecheng Y, Hongmei L, Xiaoyan X. Clinical evaluation of E-cadherin expression and its regulation mechanism in epithelial ovarian cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2006; 23:65-74. [PMID: 16826427 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-006-9020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin plays an important role in maintaining tissue architecture. Loss of E-cadherin expression has often been associated with cancer metastasis. This study assessed the immuno-expression of E-cadherin and methylation of CDH1 and correlated them with clinical features in primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Moreover, epithelial ovarian cancer cell SKOV3 was used to explore the mechanism how the demethylating agent 5-Aza inhibited cancer metastasis. Of 80 patients with primary ovarian cancer, we found that decreased immunoexpression pattern of E-cadherin was associated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and degree of differentiation. Methylation of CDH1 detected by MSP occurred frequently and was correlated with reduced expression of E-cadherin protein. 5-Aza treatment could lead to re-expression of functional E-cadherin, followed by decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity and inhibition of cell invasion in SKOV3 cells. Therefore, we conclude that assessment of E-cadherin immunoreactivity or methylation of CDH1 may be a useful prognostic indicator in ovarian cancer, complementary to established prognostic factors. The mechanism underlying 5-Aza's anti-metastasis activity is associated with restored functional expression of E-cadherin and decreased MMPs activity. Correction of aberrant DNA methylation by 5-Aza may provide a new strategy for ovarian cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuecheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth military Medical University, 15 W Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
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