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Ekeuku SO, Etim EP, Pang KL, Chin KY, Mai CW. Vitamin E in the management of pancreatic cancer: A scoping review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:943-958. [PMID: 37389119 PMCID: PMC10302993 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i6.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Research investigating effective management strategies for pancreatic cancer is ongoing. Vitamin E, consisting of both tocopherol and tocotrienol, has demonstrated debatable effects on pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, this scoping review aims to summarize the effects of vitamin E on pancreatic cancer. In October 2022, a literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus since their inception. Original studies on the effects of vitamin E on pancreatic cancer, including cell cultures, animal models and human clinical trials, were considered for this review. The literature search found 75 articles on this topic, but only 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. The available evidence showed that vitamin E modulated proliferation, cell death, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation in pancreatic cancer cells. However, the safety and bioavailability concerns remain to be answered with more extensive preclinical and clinical studies. More in-depth analysis is necessary to investigate further the role of vitamin E in the management of pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Effiong Paul Etim
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Lun Pang
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri 79200, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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BALKAN BM, MERAL Ö, KİSMALİ G, SEL T. Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Ascorbic Acid and Selenium Applied Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.724117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Wilkes JG, Alexander MS, Cullen JJ. Superoxide Dismutases in Pancreatic Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6030066. [PMID: 28825637 PMCID: PMC5618094 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing as the population ages but treatment advancements continue to lag far behind. The majority of pancreatic cancer patients have a K-ras oncogene mutation causing a shift in the redox state of the cell, favoring malignant proliferation. This mutation is believed to lead to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation and superoxide overproduction, generating tumorigenic behavior. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) have been studied for their ability to manage the oxidative state of the cell by dismuting superoxide and inhibiting signals for pancreatic cancer growth. In particular, manganese superoxide dismutase has clearly shown importance in cell cycle regulation and has been found to be abnormally low in pancreatic cancer cells as well as the surrounding stromal tissue. Likewise, extracellular superoxide dismutase expression seems to favor suppression of pancreatic cancer growth. With an increased understanding of the redox behavior of pancreatic cancer and key regulators, new treatments are being developed with specific targets in mind. This review summarizes what is known about superoxide dismutases in pancreatic cancer and the most current treatment strategies to be advanced from this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G. Wilkes
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA; (J.G.W.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA; (J.G.W.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Joseph J. Cullen
- Departments of Surgery and Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA; (J.G.W.); (M.S.A.)
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52245, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-319-353-8297; Fax: +1-319-356-8378
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Kuno T, Takahashi S, Tomita H, Hisamatsu K, Hara A, Hirata A, Kobayashi H, Mori H. Preventive effects of fermented brown rice and rice bran against N-nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis in male hamsters. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3377-3384. [PMID: 26788138 PMCID: PMC4665686 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented brown rice by Aspergillus oryzae (FBRA) is known to have the potential to prevent chemical carcinogenesis of the colon, liver, esophagus, urinary bladder, stomach and lungs in rodents. The present study examined the possible chemopreventive effects of FBRA on N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP)-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis in hamsters. Five-week-old male Syrian golden hamsters were divided into seven groups. Groups 1–5 were subcutaneously injected with BOP (10 mg/kg body weight) four times during week 6 to induce pancreatic tumors, while groups 6 and 7 were injected with saline. Groups 2 and 3 were fed diets containing 5 and 10% FBRA, respectively, during the initiation phase. By contrast, groups 4 and 5 were fed diets containing 5 and 10% FBRA, respectively, during the post-initiation phase. Group 6 received a diet containing 10% FBRA throughout the experiment, and group 7 was kept on the basal diet alone and served as the untreated control. At the termination of the study (week 22), oral intake of 10% FBRA (group 5) during the post-initiation phase was identified to have significantly reduced the multiplicity (number of lesions/animal) of ductal adenocarcinoma [pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (PanIN3); carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma] in comparison with group 1 control hamsters (0.24±0.44 vs. 0.71±0.72; P<0.05). Treatment with 10% FBRA in the post-initiation phase inhibited the progression of normal/precancerous lesions (PanIN1, mild hyperplastic lesions; and PanIN2, papillary hyperplasia) to ductal adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, dietary exposure to 10% FBRA during the initiation (group 3) and post-initiation phases (group 5) significantly reduced the multiplicity of PanIN2 (group 3, 0.55±0.69; group 5, 0.45±0.69; versus group 1, 1.26±1.24; P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). A significant reduction of Ki-67 positivity of PanIN2 in group 5 was also confirmed (group 5, 0.05±0.03; group 1, 0.22±0.12; P<0.01). Using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling, augmentation of apoptosis by FBRA exposure in the non-lesional ductal epithelium and proliferative lesions was not evident. These findings indicate that FBRA exhibits inhibitory effects on BOP-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis in hamsters due to the reduced proliferation rate of tumor cells. Thus, FBRA may be a promising chemopreventive agent in human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Kuno
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kenji Hisamatsu
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Division of Animal Experiment, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Mori
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Peng L, Liu X, Lu Q, Tang T, Yang Z. Vitamin E intake and pancreatic cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1249-55. [PMID: 25929754 PMCID: PMC4428318 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some epidemiological studies have suggested that vitamin E intake reduces the risk of pancreatic cancer; however, this conclusion has not been supported by all the published studies. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between vitamin E intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer by combining the results from published articles. Material/Methods We searched the published studies that reported the relationship between vitamin E intake and pancreatic cancer risk using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases through December 31st, 2014. Based on a fixed-effects or random-effects model, the RR and 95% CI were used to assess the combined risk. Results In total, 10 observational studies (6 case-control studies and 4 cohort studies) were included. The overall RR (95% CI) of pancreatic cancer for the highest vs. the lowest level of vitamin E intake was 0.81 (0.73, 0.89). We found little evidence of heterogeneity (I2=19.8%, P=0.255). In the subgroup analyses, we found an inverse association between vitamin E intake and pancreatic cancer risk both in the case-control and cohort studies. Additionally, this inverse association was not modified by different populations. Conclusions In our meta-analysis, there was an inverse association between vitamin E intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer. A high level of vitamin E might be a protective factor for populations at risk for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujian Peng
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangde Liu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Qian Lu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Tengqian Tang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhanyu Yang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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Jeurnink SM, Ros MM, Leenders M, van Duijnhoven FJB, Siersema PD, Jansen EHJM, van Gils CH, Bakker MF, Overvad K, Roswall N, Tjønneland A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Racine A, Cadeau C, Grote V, Kaaks R, Aleksandrova K, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Benetou V, Valanou E, Palli D, Krogh V, Vineis P, Tumino R, Mattiello A, Weiderpass E, Skeie G, Castaño JMH, Duell EJ, Barricarte A, Molina-Montes E, Argüelles M, Dorronsoro M, Johansen D, Lindkvist B, Sund M, Crowe FL, Khaw KT, Jenab M, Fedirko V, Riboli E, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB. Plasma carotenoids, vitamin C, retinol and tocopherols levels and pancreatic cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition: a nested case-control study: plasma micronutrients and pancreatic cancer risk. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:E665-76. [PMID: 25175624 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of a protective effect of several antioxidants and other nutrients on pancreatic cancer risk is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association for prediagnostic plasma levels of carotenoids, vitamin C, retinol and tocopherols with risk of pancreatic cancer in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). 446 incident exocrine pancreatic cancer cases were matched to 446 controls by age at blood collection, study center, sex, date and time of blood collection, fasting status and hormone use. Plasma carotenoids (α- and β-carotene, lycopene, β-cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein), α- and γ-tocopherol and retinol were measured by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography and plasma vitamin C by a colorimetric assay. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for pancreatic cancer risk were estimated using a conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusted for smoking status, smoking duration and intensity, waist circumference, cotinine levels and diabetes status. Inverse associations with pancreatic cancer risk were found for plasma β-carotene (IRR highest vs. lowest quartile 0.52, 95%CI 0.31-0.88, p for trend = 0.02), zeaxanthin (IRR highest vs. lowest quartile 0.53, 95%CI 0.30-0.94, p for trend = 0.06) and α-tocopherol (IRR highest vs. lowest quartile 0.62, 95%CI 0.39-0.99, p for trend = 0.08. For α- and β-carotene, lutein, sum of carotenoids and γ-tocopherol, heterogeneity between geographical regions was observed. In conclusion, our results show that higher plasma concentrations of β-carotene, zeaxanthin and α-tocopherol may be inversely associated with risk of pancreatic cancer, but further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Jeurnink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is critical for developed countries, where its rate of diagnosis has been increasing steadily annually. In the past decade, the advances of pancreatic cancer research have not contributed to the decline in mortality rates from pancreatic cancer-the overall 5-year survival rate remains about 5% low. This number only underscores an obvious urgency for us to better understand the biological features of pancreatic carcinogenesis, to develop early detection methods, and to improve novel therapeutic treatments. To achieve these goals, animal modeling that faithfully recapitulates the whole process of human pancreatic cancer is central to making the advancements. In this review, we summarize the currently available animal models for pancreatic cancer and the advances in pancreatic cancer animal modeling. We compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of three major categories of these models: (1) carcinogen-induced; (2) xenograft and allograft; and (3) genetically engineered mouse models. We focus more on the genetically engineered mouse models, a category which has been rapidly expanded recently for their capacities to mimic human pancreatic cancer and metastasis, and highlight the combinations of these models with various newly developed strategies and cell-lineage labeling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglong Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Ave, ICRC 10-04, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gloria H. Su
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Ave, ICRC 10-04, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Park EY, Pinali D, Lindley K, Lane MA. Hepatic vitamin A preloading reduces colorectal cancer metastatic multiplicity in a mouse xenograft model. Nutr Cancer 2012; 64:732-40. [PMID: 22642873 PMCID: PMC3829719 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.687425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous research in our laboratory showed that retinol inhibited all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant human colon cancer cell invasion via a retinoic acid receptor-independent mechanism in vitro. The objective of the current study was to determine if dietary vitamin A supplementation inhibited metastasis of ATRA-resistant colon cancer cells in a nude mouse xenograft model. Female nude mice (BALB/cAnNCr-nu/nu, n = 14 per group) consumed a control diet (2,400 IU retinyl palmitate/kg diet) or a vitamin A supplemented diet (200,000 IU retinyl palmitate/kg diet) for 1 mo prior to tumor cell injection to preload the liver with vitamin A. HCT-116, ATRA-resistant, human colon cancer cells were intrasplenically injected. Mice continued to consume their respective diets for 5 wk following surgery. Consumption of supplemental vitamin A decreased hepatic metastatic multiplicity to 17% of control. Hepatic and splenic retinol and retinyl ester concentrations were significantly higher in the mice supplemented with vitamin A when compared to mice consuming the control diet. Supplemental vitamin A did not decrease body weight, feed intake, or cause toxicity. Thus, supplemental dietary vitamin A may decrease the overall number of hepatic metastasis resulting from colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Pinali
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Nutrition and Foods Program, Texas State University—San Marcos, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Krista Lindley
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Nutrition and Foods Program, Texas State University—San Marcos, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Michelle A. Lane
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Nutrition and Foods Program, Texas State University—San Marcos, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
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Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Sheffler-Collins S, Weinstein S, Garabrant DH, Mannisto S, Taylor P, Virtamo J, Albanes D. Vitamin E intake, alpha-tocopherol status, and pancreatic cancer in a cohort of male smokers. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:584-91. [PMID: 19116326 PMCID: PMC2647759 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence indicates that vitamin E has anticarcinogenic properties for gastrointestinal cancers; however, few studies have examined this with respect to exocrine pancreatic cancer. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine whether vitamin E intake and serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations were prospectively associated with exocrine pancreatic cancer. DESIGN We conducted a cohort analysis of prediagnostic vitamin E intake (4 tocopherols, 4 tocotrienols), serum alpha-tocopherol concentrations, and pancreatic cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study of male Finnish smokers aged 50-69 y at baseline. During follow-up from 1985 to 2004 (maximum: 19.4 y; median: 16 y), 318 incident cases were diagnosed among cohort participants with complete serum samples (n = 29,092); 306 cases had complete dietary data (n = 27,111). Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, smoking history, history of diabetes mellitus, and/or serum cholesterol were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS Higher alpha-tocopherol concentrations were associated with lower pancreatic cancer risk (highest compared with lowest quintile, HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.80; P for trend = 0.03; continuous HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.99). Polyunsaturated fat, a putative prooxidant nutrient, modified the association such that the inverse alpha-tocopherol association was most pronounced in subjects with a high polyunsaturated fat intake (ie, >9.9 g/d; highest compared with lowest quintile, HR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.70; P for trend = 0.03; continuous HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.97; P for interaction = 0.05 and 0.02, respectively). No associations were observed for dietary tocopherols and tocotrienols. CONCLUSION Our results support the hypothesis that higher alpha-tocopherol concentrations may play a protective role in pancreatic carcinogenesis in male smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Z Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Park EY, Wilder ET, Chipuk JE, Lane MA. Retinol decreases phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in colon cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2008; 47:264-74. [PMID: 17918208 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that retinol inhibited all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant human colon cancer cell invasion via a retinoic acid receptor-independent mechanism. Because phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) regulates cell invasion, the objective of the current study was to determine if retinol affected PI3K activity. Following 24 h of serum starvation, the ATRA resistant human colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 and SW620 were treated with 0, 1, or 10 microM retinol. Thirty minutes of retinol treatment resulted in a significant decrease in PI3K activity in both cell lines. To determine the mechanism by which retinol reduces PI3K activity, the levels and heterodimerization of the regulatory subunit, p85, and the catalytic subunit, p110, of PI3K were examined. Retinol treatment did not alter p85 or p110 protein levels or the heterodimerization of these subunits at any time point examined. To determine if retinol affected the ability of PI3K to phosphorylate the substrate, phosphatidylinositol (PI), PI3K was immunoprecipitated from control cells and incubated with 10 microg PI and increasing concentrations of retinol or 10 microg retinol and increasing concentrations of PI. Retinol decreased PI3K activity in a dose-responsive manner and increased PI suppressed the inhibitory effect of retinol on PI3K activity. Finally, the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, mimicked the ability of retinol to decrease cell invasion. Computational modeling revealed that retinol may inhibit PI3K activity in a manner similar to that of wortmannin. Thus, a decrease in PI3K activity due to retinol treatment may confer the ability of retinol to inhibit ATRA-resistant colon cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Park
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Ogasawara M, Matsunaga T, Suzuki H. Differential effects of antioxidants on the in vitro invasion, growth and lung metastasis of murine colon cancer cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:200-4. [PMID: 17202688 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a comparative study of 20 antioxidants including antioxidative vitamins and polyphenols to examine their inhibitory activities against the in vitro invasion, growth and experimental lung metastasis of murine colon 26-L5 carcinoma cells. Among the compounds tested, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallocatechin gallate and genistein exhibited significant reductions at 77%, 46% and 44% in tumor metastasis by an intraperitoneal administration for 5 d beginning at 3 d before tumor inoculation, respectively. Quercetin also showed a slight but not statistically significant inhibition. Alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, ascorbic acid and 2 EGCG-related compounds of epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin had no effect. EGCG also inhibited tumor metastasis dose-dependently with 98% suppression at 2 micromol; and an almost equivalent inhibition was also produced by only pre-administration of EGCG at the same dose before tumor inoculation. EGCG significantly inhibited tumor cell invasion and proliferation, but its inhibition of these activities was much less effective than that of other compounds which did not show any antimetastatic effect. No statistically significant relationship was observed between the radical scavenging activities of the test compounds and their rates of inhibition of tumor metastasis. The antimetastatic mechanism of EGCG thus seems to be independent of its inhibition of tumor invasion and growth, as well as its radical scavenging activity. Our results suggest that EGCG is potentially beneficial for tumor metastasis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ogasawara
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Imizu, Japan.
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Geetha A, Jeyachristy SA, Surendran R. Assessment of Immunity Status in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2006. [DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.39.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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