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Saxena AK, Mutanen A, Gorter R, Conforti A, Bagolan P, De Coppi P, Soyer T. European Paediatric Surgeons' Association Consensus Statement on the Management of Neonatal Ovarian Simple Cysts. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2024; 34:215-221. [PMID: 37557903 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neonatal ovarian simple cyst management from the pediatric surgical aspect is unclear on cyst size, follow-up, and preferred surgical approach. Therefore, this topic was selected for the 2022 Consensus Session meeting of the European Paediatric Surgeons' Association (EUPSA). METHODS The literature was reviewed on a predefined set of questions relating to the management of the neonatal ovarian simple cysts by a panel of 7 EUPSA members, on current evidence-based opinion and practice outlined. Each question (1) outcomes of fetal interventions in neonates after birth and consensus on size/timing of intervention, (2) consensus on the type of interventions, and (3) complications in neonatal ovarian cysts and follow-up recommendations in nonoperated/operated cysts, was presented with available evidence to congress session participants. The management approach was agreed by participants and comments were accounted to formulate the consensus statement. RESULTS There is still limited data on potential benefits and complications of prenatal ultrasound-guided aspiration; however, neonates after such procedures should be followed for 6 months. Neonates with simple ovarian cysts larger than 4 cm should be offered surgical interventions within the 2 weeks of life with complete laparoscopic cyst aspiration and fenestration with bipolar instruments being the preferred approach. Ultrasound follow-up after surgical intervention after 3 months and with the conservative approach after every 3 to 4 months until 1 year. CONCLUSION A peer-reviewed consensus statement for the management of neonatal ovarian simple cyst was formulated based on current evidence and peer practice. The EUPSA recognizes that the statement can be useful for pediatric surgeons in decision making for this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya K Saxena
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Annika Mutanen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Helsinki Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ramon Gorter
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Emma Children's Hospital UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Conforti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Bagolan
- Department of Medical and Surgical Neonatology, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Tutku Soyer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hacettepe Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, Ankara, Turkey
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Safa N, Yanchar N, Puligandla P, Sewitch M, Baird R, Beaunoyer M, Campbell N, Chadha R, Griffiths C, Jones S, Kaur M, Le-Nguyen A, Nasr A, Piché N, Piper H, Prasil P, Romao RLP, VanHouwelingen L, Wales P, Guadagno E, Emil S. Treatment and Outcomes of Congenital Ovarian Cysts A Study by the Canadian Consortium for Research in Pediatric Surgery (CanCORPS). Ann Surg 2023; 277:e1130-e1137. [PMID: 35166261 PMCID: PMC10082055 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a multicenter study to assess treatments and outcomes in a national cohort of infants with congenital ovarian cysts. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Wide variability exists in the treatment of congenital ovarian cysts. The effects of various treatment strategies on outcomes, specifically ovarian preservation, are not known. METHODS Female infants diagnosed with congenital intra-abdominal cysts between 2013 and 2017 at 10 Canadian pediatric surgical centers were retrospectively evaluated. Sonographic characteristics, median time to cyst resolution, incidence of ovarian preservation, and predictors of surgery were evaluated. Subgroup analyses were performed in patients with complex cysts and cysts ≥40 mm in diameter. RESULTS The study population included 189 neonates. Median gestational age at diagnosis and median maximal prenatal cyst diameter were 33 weeks and 40 mm, respectively. Cysts resolved spontaneously in 117 patients (62%), 14 (7%) prenatally, and the remainder at a median age of 124 days. Intervention occurred in 61 patients (32%), including prenatal aspiration (2, 3%), ovary sparing resection (14, 23%), or oophorectomy (45, 74%). Surgery occurred at a median age of 7.4weeks. Independent predictors of surgery included postnatal cyst diameter ≥40 mm [odds ratio (OR) 6.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66-35.9] and sonographic complex cyst character (OR 63.6, 95% CI 10.9-1232). There was no significant difference in the odds of ovarian preservation (OR 3.06, 95% CI 0.86 -13.2) between patients who underwent early surgery (n = 22) and those initially observed for at least 3 months (n = 131). CONCLUSIONS Most congenital ovarian cysts are asymptomatic and spontaneously resolve. Early surgical intervention does not increase ovarian preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Safa
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natalie Yanchar
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pramod Puligandla
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maida Sewitch
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Baird
- Division of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of British Columbia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mona Beaunoyer
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, IWK Health Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Niamh Campbell
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Center Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rati Chadha
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher Griffiths
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Jones
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manvinder Kaur
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie Le-Nguyen
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, IWK Health Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ahmed Nasr
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital London Health Sciences Center, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nelson Piché
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, IWK Health Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hannah Piper
- Division of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of British Columbia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pascale Prasil
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo L P Romao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Center Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lisa VanHouwelingen
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Wales
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Guadagno
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sherif Emil
- Harvey E. Beardmore Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Diagnosis, Management, and Therapy of Fetal Ovarian Cysts Detected by Prenatal Ultrasonography: A Report of 36 Cases and Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122224. [PMID: 34943461 PMCID: PMC8700714 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal ovarian cysts are the most frequently diagnosed intra-abdominal cysts; however, the evidence for perinatal management remains controversial. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed cases of fetal ovarian cysts diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography at our institution between January 2010 and January 2020. The following were investigated: gestational age at diagnosis, cyst size, appearance, prenatal ultrasound findings, and postnatal outcomes. Prior to 2018, expectant management was applied in all cases; after 2018, in utero aspiration (IUA) of simple cysts ≥40 mm was performed. RESULTS We diagnosed 29 and seven simple and complex cysts, respectively. Fourteen patients had simple cysts with a maximum diameter <40 mm, and two of them progressed to complex cysts during follow-up; however, when the diameter was limited to <35 mm, no cases showed progression to complex cyst. Fifteen of the simple cysts were ≥40 mm; three progressed to complex cysts, and two of them were confirmed to be ovarian necrosis. In four patients who underwent IUA, the ovaries could be preserved. CONCLUSIONS IUA is a promising therapy for preserving ovaries with simple cysts ≥40 mm in diameter; however, the indications for fetal surgery and the appropriate timing of intervention require further study.
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Cheng Y, Cheng Y. Ovarian cysts. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:B23-B25. [PMID: 34507793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sanna E, Loukogeorgakis S, Prior T, Derwig I, Paramasivam G, Choudhry M, Lees C. Fetal abdominal cysts: antenatal course and postnatal outcomes. J Perinat Med 2019; 47:418-421. [PMID: 30763268 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2018-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background There is little information on which to base the prognostic counselling as to whether an antenatally diagnosed fetal abdominal cyst will grow or shrink, or need surgery. This study aims to provide contemporary data on prenatally diagnosed fetal abdominal cysts in relation to their course and postnatal outcomes. Methods Fetal abdominal cysts diagnosed over 11 years in a single centre were identified. The gestational age at diagnosis and cyst characteristics at each examination were recorded (size, location, echogenity, septation and vascularity) and follow-up data from postnatal visits were collected. Results Eighty abdominal cysts were identified antenatally at 28+4 weeks (range 11+0-38+3). Most (87%) were isolated and the majority were pelvic (52%), simple (87.5%) and avascular (100%). Antenatally, 29% resolved spontaneously; 29% reduced in size; 9% were stable and 33% increased in size. Forty-one percent of cysts under 20 mm diameter increased in size, while only 20% of cysts with a diameter of over 40 mm increased in size. The majority of cysts were ovarian in origin (n=45, 56%), followed by intestinal (n=15, 18%), choledochal (n=3, 4%), liver (n=2, 3%) and renal/adrenal origins (n=2, 3%), respectively. In 16% (n=13), the antenatal diagnosis was not obvious. Seventy-five percent of the cysts that persisted postnatally required surgical intervention. Conclusion Most antenatally diagnosed fetal abdominal cysts were ovarian in origin. Though most disappeared antenatally, nearly three quarters required surgical intervention when present after birth. Cysts of intestinal origin are more difficult to diagnose antenatally and often require surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Sanna
- Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stavros Loukogeorgakis
- Department of Children's Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital - NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Thomas Prior
- Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Iris Derwig
- Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Gowrishankar Paramasivam
- Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Muhammad Choudhry
- Department of Children's Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital - NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Christoph Lees
- Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Lv M, Zhao B, Luo Q. Prenatal diagnosis and prognosis assessment of fetal intra-abdominal cystic lesions: a retrospective study in 264 cases. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2019; 39:922-927. [PMID: 31045471 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2019.1576601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To assess the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis and the prognosis of fetal-abdominal masses, we reviewed all of the cases which had been diagnosed as having abdominal masses from January 2014 to December 2016. In total, 264 cases were identified as having abdominal masses. Among them, 141 cases (53%) had received specific prenatal diagnoses by prenatal ultrasound (US). MRI had assisted in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation in 69 cases, increasing the diagnostic rate to 65%. The prenatal diagnoses of 111 cases (65%) were concordant with the postnatal diagnoses. Surgical intervention after birth was needed in 96 cases (39%). Most outcomes were good (89%). We suggest that prenatal US can detect and identify most fetal abdominal masses and that MRI helps to further describe the masses. With early intervention after birth, the prognosis was good in most cases. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Fetal-abdominal masses are commonly detected in antenatal examinations. A prenatal ultrasound is the main screening tool for detecting fetal intra-abdominal cystic lesions. What the results of this study add? We suggest that MRI is more helpful in some systems to reveal locations and structures. Even prenatal diagnosis cannot reach before birth, prognosis is quite good and expectant therapy is sufficient. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or future research? Our data strengthens the current knowledge of fetal abdominal masses to help relieve anxious parents by telling them that this congenital malformation has good outcomes. But multidiscipline consultation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Baihui Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
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Tyraskis A, Bakalis S, David AL, Eaton S, De Coppi P. A systematic review and meta-analysis on fetal ovarian cysts: impact of size, appearance and prenatal aspiration. Prenat Diagn 2017; 37:951-958. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.5143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Tyraskis
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine; UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital; London UK
| | - Spyros Bakalis
- Institute for Women's Health; University College London; London UK
| | - Anna L. David
- Institute for Women's Health; University College London; London UK
| | - Simon Eaton
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine; UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital; London UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine; UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital; London UK
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Bascietto F, Liberati M, Marrone L, Khalil A, Pagani G, Gustapane S, Leombroni M, Buca D, Flacco ME, Rizzo G, Acharya G, Manzoli L, D'Antonio F. Outcome of fetal ovarian cysts diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound examination: systematic review and meta-analysis. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2017; 50:20-31. [PMID: 27325566 DOI: 10.1002/uog.16002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the outcome of fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of ovarian cyst. METHODS The electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched using keywords and word variants for 'ovarian cysts', 'ultrasound' and 'outcome'. The following outcomes in fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of ovarian cyst were explored: resolution of the cyst, change of ultrasound pattern of the cyst, occurrence of ovarian torsion and intracystic hemorrhage, need for postnatal surgery, need for oophorectomy, accuracy of prenatal ultrasound examination in correctly identifying ovarian cyst, type of ovarian cyst at histopathological analysis and intrauterine treatment. Meta-analyses using individual data random-effects logistic regression and meta-analyses of proportions were performed. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Thirty-four studies (954 fetuses) were included. In 53.8% (95% CI, 46.0-61.5%) of cases for which resolution of the cyst was evaluated (784 fetuses), the cyst regressed either during pregnancy or after birth. The likelihood of resolution was significantly lower in complex vs simple cysts (odds ratio (OR), 0.15 (95% CI, 0.10-0.23)) and in cysts measuring ≥ 40 mm vs < 40 mm (OR, 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01-0.06)). Change in ultrasound pattern of the cyst was associated with an increased risk of ovarian loss (surgical removal or autoamputation) (pooled proportion, 57.7% (95% CI, 42.9-71.8%)). The risk of ovarian torsion was significantly higher for cysts measuring ≥ 40 mm compared with < 40 mm (OR, 30.8 (95% CI, 8.6-110.0)). The likelihood of having postnatal surgery was higher in patients with cysts ≥ 40 mm compared with < 40 mm (OR, 64.4 (95% CI, 23.6-175.0)) and in complex compared with simple cysts, irrespective of cyst size (OR, 14.6 (95% CI, 8.5-24.8)). In cases undergoing prenatal aspiration of the cyst, rate of recurrence was 37.9% (95% CI, 14.8-64.3%), ovarian torsion and intracystic hemorrhage were diagnosed after birth in 10.8% (95% CI, 4.4-19.7%) and 12.8% (95% CI, 3.8-26.0%), respectively, and 21.8% (95% CI, 0.9-40.0%) had surgery after birth. CONCLUSION Size and ultrasound appearance are the major determinants of perinatal outcome in fetuses with ovarian cysts. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bascietto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Liberati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - L Marrone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University of London and St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, London, UK
| | - G Pagani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - S Gustapane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Leombroni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - D Buca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SS. Annunziata Hospital, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M E Flacco
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Acharya
- Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - L Manzoli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - F D'Antonio
- Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Jwa SC, Aoki H, Anami A, Umehara N, Sumie M, Wada S, Sago H. Management of fetal ovarian cyst using in utero aspiration. CASE REPORTS IN PERINATAL MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/crpm-2015-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To study the clinical outcome of fetal ovarian cysts managed with in utero aspiration.
Methods: All cases of fetal ovarian cysts diagnosed from 2002 to 2013 were reviewed. In utero aspiration was performed for patients with simple cysts larger than 4 cm before term gestation.
Results: There were 21 cases of fetal ovarian cysts. Four patients (19%) were diagnosed with complex cysts at the time of referral. Among the 17 cases of simple cysts, in utero aspiration was performed in seven patients. There were no complications after the therapy and none of them developed complex cysts. An ovarian cyst was confirmed by cyst fluid that contained high levels of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone. For two patients with simple cysts who met the indications for in utero aspiration but did not receive therapy, one developed a complex cyst. Among the eight patients with simple cysts who did not fulfill the indications for aspiration, seven of them had cysts that regressed spontaneously, and one developed complex cysts during pregnancy.
Conclusion: Torsion of fetal ovarian cysts was common with expectant management. Management of fetal ovarian cysts larger than 4 cm using in utero aspiration may avoid torsion, which could otherwise lead to ovarian loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Chik Jwa
- Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Anami
- Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nagayoshi Umehara
- Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sumie
- Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Wada
- Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sago
- Center of Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Postnatal sonographic spectrum of prenatally detected abdominal and pelvic cysts. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015; 203:W684-96. [PMID: 25415735 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.13.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to illustrate the sonographic findings of a spectrum of neonatal abdominal and pelvic cystic lesions. CONCLUSION Neonatal abdominal and pelvic cystic lesions can arise from many organs, and they have a broad differential diagnosis. Distinctive sonographic findings may be present and can help establish the correct cause and guide proper management.
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Adekola H, Mody S, Bronshtein E, Puder K, Abramowicz JS. The clinical relevance of fetal MRI in the diagnosis of Type IV cystic sacrococcygeal teratoma--a review. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2015; 34:31-43. [PMID: 25183379 DOI: 10.3109/15513815.2014.949934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has improved the prenatal evaluation of uterine, placental and fetal anatomy. However, its utilization has mostly been restricted to fetal central nervous system anomalies. We review how adjunct fetal MRI was performed and diagnosis of cystic type IV sacrococcygeal teratoma was made. We also discuss the clinical relevance of fetal MRI in differentiating this lesion from other selected abdominal/pelvic cystic malformations and lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Adekola
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hutzel Women Hospital, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit Michigan
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Dera-Szymanowska A, Malinger A, Madejczyk M, Szymanowski K, Bręborowicz GH, Opala T. Recurrent fetal complex ovarian cysts with rupture followed by simple cyst in the neonatal period with no adverse sequelae. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:328-30. [PMID: 25567557 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.1000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fetal ovarian cysts are the most frequent type of abdominal tumors in female fetuses with prenatal detection rate of more than 30%. The etiology of fetal ovarian cysts is unclear, but hormonal stimulation as well as presence of maternal diabetes, hypothyroidism, Rh iso-immune hemolytic disease and toxemia has been generally considered responsible for the disease. Complications of fetal ovarian cysts include compression of other viscera, cyst rupture, hemorrhage and, most frequently, ovarian torsion with consequent loss of the ovary. Management is controversial with several options described in the literature, including watchful expectancy, antenatal aspiration of simple cysts to prevent torsion and ovarian loss and finally, resection of all complex cysts in the neonatal period. To date, no case report has described recurrent complex cysts with rupture in the fetal period and recurrence of simple cyst in neonatal period. By presenting this case, we wanted to show that surgical intervention in case of prenatally diagnosed fetal ovarian cyst should be considered postnatally and only in symptomatic or complicated cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Malinger
- b Department of Mother's and Child's Health , K. Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznan , Poznan , Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Szymanowski
- b Department of Mother's and Child's Health , K. Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznan , Poznan , Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Opala
- b Department of Mother's and Child's Health , K. Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznan , Poznan , Poland
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Nakamura M, Ishii K, Murata M, Sasahara J, Mitsuda N. Postnatal Outcome in Cases of Prenatally Diagnosed Fetal Ovarian Cysts under Conservative Prenatal Management. Fetal Diagn Ther 2014; 37:129-34. [DOI: 10.1159/000365146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the outcome of cases of prenatally diagnosed fetal ovarian cyst under conservative prenatal management. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed between January 2005 and August 2013. They were managed expectantly during pregnancy and followed up until spontaneous regression of the cyst or postnatal surgery. The outcomes of fetal ovarian cysts were compared combined appearance as being simple or complex at prenatal scan and maximum size of cysts ≥40 or <40 mm. Results: There were 33 study cases. Prenatally 3/33 cases (9%) had spontaneous cyst regression during pregnancy. 14 cysts (42%) were treated surgically, of which torsion was confirmed in 4 (29%). Another 14/33 cases (42%) regressed spontaneously under conservative management after birth. The ovaries could be preserved in 28 patients (85%). The incidence of torsion between complex cysts and simple cysts was not statistically different. The incidence of torsion between patients with cyst size ≥40 and <40 mm was similar. Conclusions: The ovaries could be preserved in approximately 85% of patients under conservative management. The present study could not reveal the significance of prenatal ultrasonographic findings of fetal ovarian cyst for predicting the outcome of patients' ovaries.
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Management of neonatal ovarian cysts and its effect on ovarian preservation. J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49:990-3; discussion 993-4. [PMID: 24888849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Management of asymptomatic neonatal ovarian cysts varies. Some surgeons advocate initial observation, while others recommend immediate operation depending on cyst size and complexity. This study aims to compare outcomes of initial observation versus primary surgery, focusing on incidence of postnatal torsion and ovarian preservation. METHODS A retrospective study (1997-2012) of neonates with an ovarian mass was performed. Data on cyst size, ultrasound characteristics, clinical course, complications, and pathology were extracted. RESULTS Thirty-seven neonates with asymptomatic ovarian cysts were identified (N=25 observed, N=12 primary surgery). Overall, 12/25 (48%) observed had successful cyst regression, including 3/8 (38%) cysts ≥50mm and 6/15 (40%) complex. 13/25 patients (52%) underwent surgery for failure of cyst regression (11/13) or concern for interval torsion (2/13). Postnatal torsion occurred in 1/25 observation patients (4%), or 1/8 (13%) with cysts≥50mm. Overall rate of ovarian preservation between groups was not statistically different [6/8 (75%) observed versus 8/9 (89%) primary surgery; P=0.577]. Pathology found viable ovarian tissue in all oophorectomy specimens (N=3). CONCLUSIONS Postnatal torsion is rare. A period of observation spares half of neonates from an operation, without decreasing ovarian salvage. Initial management should consist of observation, regardless of size or complex characteristics. If operative intervention is necessary, ovary preserving techniques should be utilized.
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Francis SA, Heazell AE, Chakravorty S, Rhodes C. Concurrent maternal and fetal ovarian cysts. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2010; 23:555-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14767050903222726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Ben-Ami I, Kogan A, Fuchs N, Smorgick N, Mendelovic S, Lotan G, Herman A, Maymon R. Long-term follow-up of children with ovarian cysts diagnosed prenatally. Prenat Diagn 2010; 30:342-7. [PMID: 20209482 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Conforti A, Giorlandino C, Bagolan P. Fetal ovarian cysts management and ovarian prognosis: a report of 82 cases. J Pediatr Surg 2009; 44:868; author reply 868-9. [PMID: 19361659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Politylo P, Zaparackaite I, Khan K, Mahomed A. Ovarian reconstitution following laparoscopic decapsulation of congenital cyst. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2008; 18:895-7. [PMID: 19105677 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2007.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Laparoscopic management of congenital ovarian cysts is widely practiced but there is a dearth of information on the performance of the gonad where organ-preserving surgery is undertaken. Presented is a radiological diary documenting the progress of a complex congenital ovarian cyst from the antenatal period to a year post-laparoscopic decapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Politylo
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Hyett J. Intra-abdominal masses: prenatal differential diagnosis and management. Prenat Diagn 2008; 28:645-55. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to analyze the antenatal and postnatal outcome of fetal ovarian cysts in relation to their ultrasonographic pattern and size. METHODS Sixteen fetal ovarian cysts were diagnosed in 16 fetuses and followed with serial ultrasonograms in utero and after birth until spontaneous or surgical resolution. RESULTS Eleven fetal ovarian cysts were simple cysts at first prenatal scan but 3 of the 11 became complex cysts at last prenatal scan and required postnatal laparoscopic surgery. Seven of the 11 simple cysts (63%) disappeared on follow-up imaging by ultrasonograms or MRI during pregnancy or within 2 months after birth. The rate of spontaneous resolution of simple cysts was higher than that of complex cysts (40.0%). The mean maximum diameter of the ovarian cysts before delivery that were subsequently excised surgically at postnatal period (50+/-13.4 mm) was not different from that of ovarian cysts that resolved spontaneously (42.8+/-12.8 mm, P=0.2918). CONCLUSION In our study, cyst size did not predict the risk of ovarian loss. The opportunity of laparoscopic exploration versus conservative management needs to be investigated because some complex cysts resolved spontaneously in the postnatal period.
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Monnery-Noché ME, Auber F, Jouannic JM, Bénifla JL, Carbonne B, Dommergues M, Lenoir M, Lepointe HD, Larroquet M, Grapin C, Audry G, Hélardot PG. Fetal and neonatal ovarian cysts: is surgery indicated? Prenat Diagn 2008; 28:15-20. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zampieri N, Borruto F, Zamboni C, Camoglio FS. Foetal and neonatal ovarian cysts: a 5-year experience. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2007; 277:303-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-007-0483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
The presentation of adnexal masses in childhood differs from that in adult women. Children may present with poorly localized symptoms or precocious puberty. Ovarian cysts occur throughout development; ovarian tumors are less frequent but occur in all age groups. Congenital malformations may present with signs or symptoms of an adnexal mass. Occasionally adnexal findings may suggest the presence of an underlying syndrome. Assessment of the patient's developmental, hormonal, and pubertal status is necessary to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Treatment options must consider risks to ovarian function and future fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Ann P Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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Bornstein E, Barnhard Y, Ferber A, Segarra P, Divon MY. Acute progression of a unilateral fetal ovarian cyst to complex bilateral cysts causing acute polyhydramnios. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2006; 25:523-6. [PMID: 16567443 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2006.25.4.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eran Bornstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lenox-Hill Hospital, 100 E 77th St, New York, NY 10021 USA
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