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Kim Y, Chang JY, Kim YY, Lee JW, Kho HS. Effects of Zinc Compounds on the Enzymatic Activities of Lysozyme and Peroxidase and Their Antifungal Activities. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04110-x. [PMID: 38376730 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of zinc compounds on the enzymatic activities of lysozyme, peroxidase, and the glucose oxidase-mediated peroxidase (GO-PO) system and their antifungal activities. Four different zinc compounds (zinc chloride, gluconate, lactate, and sulfate) were incubated with hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL), bovine lactoperoxidase (bLPO), the GO-PO system, and human unstimulated whole saliva in solution and on a hydroxyapatite surface. Enzymatic activities of lysozyme, peroxidase, and the GO-PO system were measured through the hydrolysis of Micrococcus lysodeikticus, oxidation of fluorogenic 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin, and glucose assay, respectively. Interactions between zinc and enzymes were analyzed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and candidacidal activities of zinc compounds were examined against three Candida albicans strains. Zinc gluconate and sulfate significantly increased the enzymatic activities of salivary lysozyme in the solution assay and of HEWL and salivary lysozyme on the hydroxyapatite surface. However, all examined zinc compounds significantly decreased the enzymatic activities of bLPO and salivary peroxidase in solution and on the surface. SPR analyses revealed binding of zinc to lysozyme and peroxidase, with affinity differing according to the zinc compounds. The MIC of zinc compounds against C. albicans was 1.0-2.4 mM. Candidacidal activities were 17.7-38.8% and 23.7-47.0% at 1.0 and 10 mM concentrations, respectively. In conclusion, zinc compounds enhanced lysozyme activity but inhibited peroxidase activity. Zinc compounds exhibited concentration-dependent candidacidal activity against C. albicans. Zinc compounds are potential therapeutic agents for oral health, especially for geriatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdae Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Chang
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Young Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute, 679 Saimdang-Ro, Gangneung, 25451, South Korea
- National University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hong-Seop Kho
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Institute of Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Feng L, Yan Q, Zhang B, Tian X, Wang C, Yu Z, Cui J, Guo D, Ma X, James TD. Ratiometric fluorescent probe for sensing Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase, a key factor in the formation of dental caries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3548-3551. [PMID: 30843551 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00440h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on a naphthalimide ratiometric fluorescent probe for the real-time sensing and imaging of pathogenic bacterial glucosyltransferases, which are associated with the development of dental caries. Using a high-throughput screening method, we identified that several natural polyphenols from green tea were GTFs inhibitors that could eventually lead to suitable oral treatments to prevent the development of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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Wang K, Zhou X, Li W, Zhang L. Human salivary proteins and their peptidomimetics: Values of function, early diagnosis, and therapeutic potential in combating dental caries. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 99:31-42. [PMID: 30599395 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Saliva contains a large number of proteins that play various crucial roles to maintain the oral health and tooth integrity. This oral fluid is proposed to be one of the most important host factors, serving as a special medium for monitoring aspects of microorganisms, diet and host susceptibility involved in the caries process. Extensive salivary proteomic and peptidomic studies have resulted in considerable advances in the field of biomarkers discovery for dental caries. These salivary biomarkers may be exploited for the prediction, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of dental caries, many of which could also provide the potential templates for bioactive peptides used for the biomimetic management of dental caries, rather than repairing caries lesions with artificial materials. A comprehensive understanding of the biological function of salivary proteins as well as their derived biomimetic peptides with promising potential against dental caries has been long awaited. This review overviewed a collection of current literature and addressed the majority of different functions of salivary proteins and peptides with their potential as functional biomarkers for caries risk assessment and clinical prospects for the anti-caries application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Pinheiro SL, da Rocha NN, Peres MDLHM. Capacity of a hydroxyapatite-lysozyme combination against Streptococcus mutans for the treatment of dentinal caries. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:465-8. [PMID: 27656068 PMCID: PMC5026109 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.190026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One current strategy for the treatment of carious lesions is the use of biomaterials with antimicrobial activity. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate a combination of hydroxyapatite and lysozyme for the treatment of dentinal caries by measuring Streptococcus mutans counts before carious tissue sealing, and 24 h, 1 month, and 6 months after treatment. Materials and Methods: Forty permanent third molars were selected, and flat dentin surfaces were prepared. The teeth were exposed to a cariogenic challenge with S. mutans. After challenge, the dentinal caries were collected from five specimens. The remaining specimens were treated with a mixture of hydroxyapatite and lysozyme in sodium laureth sulfate and sealed with composite resin. S. mutans counts were obtained 24 h, 1 month, and 6 months after sealing. Statistical Analysis: The results were evaluated by descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: a significant reduction in S. mutans (CFU/mL) was observed in dentinal lesions 1 month after treatment with hydroxyapatite/lysozyme in sodium laureth sulfate (P = 0.0254). Comparison of S. mutans counts obtained 24 h, 1 month, and 6 months after treatment revealed reductions only at the 1-month time point (P = 0.0318). Conclusions: the combination of hydroxyapatite and lysozyme may be an alternative for reducing the S. mutans burden in dentinal caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathany Nunes da Rocha
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang Y, Hao H, Zhang S. Lysozyme loading and release from Se doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:545-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fluorescence microscopic visualization of non cellular components during initial bioadhesion in situ. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1271-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bowen WH, Koo H. Biology of Streptococcus mutans-derived glucosyltransferases: role in extracellular matrix formation of cariogenic biofilms. Caries Res 2011; 45:69-86. [PMID: 21346355 PMCID: PMC3068567 DOI: 10.1159/000324598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 687] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of Streptococcus mutans in the etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries is certainly controversial, in part because excessive attention is paid to the numbers of S. mutans and acid production while the matrix within dental plaque has been neglected. S. mutans does not always dominate within plaque; many organisms are equally acidogenic and aciduric. It is also recognized that glucosyltransferases from S. mutans (Gtfs) play critical roles in the development of virulent dental plaque. Gtfs adsorb to enamel synthesizing glucans in situ, providing sites for avid colonization by microorganisms and an insoluble matrix for plaque. Gtfs also adsorb to surfaces of other oral microorganisms converting them to glucan producers. S. mutans expresses 3 genetically distinct Gtfs; each appears to play a different but overlapping role in the formation of virulent plaque. GtfC is adsorbed to enamel within pellicle whereas GtfB binds avidly to bacteria promoting tight cell clustering, and enhancing cohesion of plaque. GtfD forms a soluble, readily metabolizable polysaccharide and acts as a primer for GtfB. The behavior of soluble Gtfs does not mirror that observed with surface-adsorbed enzymes. Furthermore, the structure of polysaccharide matrix changes over time as a result of the action of mutanases and dextranases within plaque. Gtfs at distinct loci offer chemotherapeutic targets to prevent caries. Nevertheless, agents that inhibit Gtfs in solution frequently have a reduced or no effect on adsorbed enzymes. Clearly, conformational changes and reactions of Gtfs on surfaces are complex and modulate the pathogenesis of dental caries in situ, deserving further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Bowen
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Hannig C, Spitzmüller B, Hoth-Hannig W, Hannig M. Targeted immobilisation of lysozyme in the enamel pellicle from different solutions. Clin Oral Investig 2009; 15:65-73. [PMID: 19967422 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-009-0357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mouthwashes containing protective enzymes are required especially for patients suffering from xerostomia. The present study aimed to investigate the possibilities of modulating the immobilisation of lysozyme in the in situ pellicle layer. In situ formed pellicles were incubated in vitro for 10 min with various enzymatic buffer solutions containing lysozyme and additive enzymes such as transglutaminase or trypsin as well as polyphenolic compounds (cistus tea). After the rinses, the pellicle samples were incubated in collected whole saliva or in desorption solutions for 0, 20 and 40 min and the enzyme activities were measured. Furthermore, accumulation of lysozyme in the pellicle was visualised in ultrathin sections of the pellicle using the gold immunolabelling technique and transmission electron microscopy. Hen egg white lysozyme was accumulated in the in situ pellicle tenaciously. Up to 2.8-fold higher activities than in controls were observed. The addition of transglutaminase did not enhance the immobilisation of lysozyme activity, whereas the polyphenolic compound had no adverse effect. Accumulation of lysozyme in the acquired pellicle was confirmed by gold immunolabelling. Targeted and tenacious immobilisation of lysozyme in the acquired pellicle is possible. Poylphenolic compounds might be a relevant additive for mouthwashes containing lysozyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hannig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Park WK, Chung JW, Kim YK, Chung SC, Kho HS. Influences of animal mucins on lysozyme activity in solution and on hydroxyapatite surfaces. Arch Oral Biol 2006; 51:861-9. [PMID: 16716246 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Revised: 10/23/2005] [Accepted: 04/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of animal mucins on lysozyme activity in solution and on the surface of hydroxyapatite (HA) beads. The effects of animal mucins on lysozyme activity in solution were examined by incubating porcine gastric mucin (PGM) or bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) with hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) or salivary samples. HA-immobilised animal mucins or lysozyme were used to determine the influence of animal mucins on lysozyme activity on HA surfaces. Lysozyme activity was determined by turbidity measurement of a Micrococcus lysodeikticus substrate suspension. Protein concentration was determined by ninhydrin assay. PGM inhibited the activity of HEWL and salivary lysozyme in solution. The amount of inhibition was dependent on mucin concentration, incubation time and temperature, and the structural integrity of the mucin. The inhibition of salivary lysozyme activity by PGM was greater in submandibular/sublingual saliva than in parotid saliva. The inhibition of lysozyme activity by PGM was markedly dependent on pH. However, BSM did not inhibit the in-solution lysozyme activities of HEWL and clarified saliva. Both PGM and BSM bound to HA surfaces, and HA-adsorbed animal mucins increased the subsequent adsorption of lysozyme. When HA beads were exposed to a mixture of HEWL and PGM or BSM, lysozyme activity on the HA surfaces was significantly increased. The results suggest that animal mucins affect lysozyme activity, and the effects are different on HA surfaces compared with in solution. Further research is needed to determine the effect of animal mucins on lysozyme activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyu Park
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Yunkeun-Dong 28, Chongro-Ku, Seoul 110-749, South Korea
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