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Powel JE, Sham CE, Spiliopoulos M, Ferreira CR, Rosenthal E, Sinkovskaya ES, Brown S, Jelin AC, Al-Kouatly HB. Genetics of non-isolated hemivertebra: A systematic review of fetal, neonatal, and infant cases. Clin Genet 2022; 102:262-287. [PMID: 35802600 PMCID: PMC9830455 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hemivertebra is a congenital vertebral malformation caused by unilateral failure of formation during embryogenesis that may be associated with additional abnormalities. A systematic review was conducted to investigate genetic etiologies of non-isolated hemivertebra identified in the fetal, neonatal, and infant periods using PubMed, Cochrane database, Ovid Medline, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception through May 2022 (PROSPERO ID CRD42021229576). The Human Phenotype Ontology database was accessed May 2022. Studies were deemed eligible for inclusion if they addressed non-isolated hemivertebra or genetic causes of non-isolated hemivertebra identified in the fetal, neonatal, or infant periods. Cases diagnosed clinically without molecular confirmation were included. Systematic review identified 23 cases of non-isolated hemivertebra with karyotypic abnormalities, 2 cases due to microdeletions, 59 cases attributed to single gene disorders, 18 syndromic cases without known genetic etiology, and 14 cases without a known syndromic association. The Human Phenotype Ontology search identified 49 genes associated with hemivertebra. Non-isolated hemivertebra is associated with a diverse spectrum of cytogenetic abnormalities and single gene disorders. Genetic syndromes were notably common. Frequently affected organ systems include musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, central nervous system, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and facial dysmorphisms. When non-isolated hemivertebra is identified on prenatal ultrasound, the fetus must be assessed for associated anomalies and genetic counseling is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Powel
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics Gynecology, & Women’s Health, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Catherine E. Sham
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michail Spiliopoulos
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carlos R. Ferreira
- Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Rosenthal
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena S. Sinkovskaya
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Shannon Brown
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angie C. Jelin
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huda B. Al-Kouatly
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Dutta UR, Pidugu VK, Goud CV, Hoefers C, Hagemann M, Dalal A. Identification and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a novel complex Y chromosome rearrangement in a boy with disorder of sexual development. Gene 2013; 519:374-80. [PMID: 23428792 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ambiguous genitalia or disorder of the sexual development is a birth defect where the external genitals do not have the typical appearance of either a male or female. Here we report a boy with ambiguous genitalia and short stature. The cytogenetic analysis by G-banding revealed a small Y chromosome and an additional material on the 15p arm. Further, molecular cytogenetic analysis by Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using whole chromosome paint probes showed the presence of Y sequences on the 15p arm, confirming that it is a Y;15 translocation. Subsequent, FISH with centromere probe Y showed two signals depicting the presence of two centromeres and differing with a balanced translocation. The dicentric nature of the derivative 15 chromosome was confirmed by FISH with both 15 and Y centromeric probes. Further, the delineation of the Y chromosomal DNA was also done by quantitative real time PCR. Additional Y-short tandem repeat typing was performed to find out the extent of deletion on small Y chromosome. Fine mapping was carried out with 8 Y specific BAC clones which helped in defining the breakpoint regions. MLPA was performed to check the presence or absence of subtelomeric regions and SHOX regions on Y. Finally array CGH helped us in confirming the breakpoint regions. In our study we identified and characterized a novel complex Y chromosomal rearrangement with a complete deletion of the Yq region and duplication of the Yp region with one copy being translocated onto the15p arm. This is the first report of novel and unique Y complex rearrangement showing a deletion, duplication and a translocation in the same patient. The possible mechanism of the rearrangement and the phenotype-genotype correlation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha R Dutta
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Nampally, Hyderabad-500 001, India.
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Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a Non-Robertsonian Dicentric Chromosome 14;19 Identified in a Girl with Short Stature and Amenorrhea. Case Rep Genet 2012. [PMID: 23198188 PMCID: PMC3502790 DOI: 10.1155/2012/212065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 16-year-old girl who presented with short stature and amenorrhea. Initially the cytogenetic analysis showed the presence of a mosaic non-Robertsonian dicentric chromosome involving chromosomes 14 and 19. Subsequent molecular cytogenetic analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using whole chromosome paints, centromeric probes, as well as gene specific probes confirmed the dicentric nature of the derivative chromosome and indicated that the rearrangement involved the short arms of both of these chromosomes. Furthermore, we also determined that the chromosome 19p13.3 breakpoint occurred within the terminal 1 Mb region. This is the first report of a mosaic non-Robertsonian dicentric chromosome involving chromosomes 14 and 19 with the karyotype determined as 45,XX,dic(14;19)(p11.2;p13.3)[35]/46,XX[15], and we suggest that the chromosome rearrangement could be the cause of clinical phenotype.
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