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Shen Z, Jiang X, Zeng C, Zheng S, Luo B, Zeng Y, Ding R, Jiang H, He Q, Guo J, Jie W. High expression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C) correlates with nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:192. [PMID: 23587173 PMCID: PMC3637393 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C) has been detected in many types of human cancers, and is correlated with tumor malignancy. However, the role of UBE2C in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of aberrant UBE2C expression in the progression of human NPC. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect UBE2C protein in clinical samples of NPC and benign nasopharyngeal tissues, and the association of UBE2C expression with patient clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. UBEC2 expression profiles were evaluated in cell lines representing varying differentiated stages of NPC and immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelia NP-69 cells using quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting and fluorescent staining. Furthermore, UBE2C was knocked down using RNA interference in these cell lines and proliferation and cell cycle distribution was investigated. Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that UBE2C protein expression levels were higher in NPC tissues than in benign nasopharyngeal tissues (P<0.001). Moreover, high UBE2C protein expression was positively correlated with tumor size (P=0.017), lymph node metastasis (P=0.016) and distant metastasis (P=0.015) in NPC patients. In vitro experiments demonstrated that UBE2C expression levels were inversely correlated with the degree of differentiation of NPC cell lines, whereas UBE2C displayed low level of expression in NP-69 cells. Knockdown of UBE2C led to significant arrest at the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle, and decreased cell proliferation was observed in poorly-differentiated CNE2Z NPC cells and undifferentiated C666-1 cells, but not in well-differentiated CNE1 and immortalized NP-69 cells. Conclusions Our findings suggest that high expression of UBE2C in human NPC is closely related to tumor malignancy, and may be a potential marker for NPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Shen
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, People's Republic of China
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Zang J, Li C, Zhao LN, Shi M, Zhou YC, Wang JH, Li X. Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with head and neck cancer: A meta-analysis. Head Neck 2012; 35:1507-14. [PMID: 22987573 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression and the clinical outcome of head and neck cancer remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of VEGF in patients with head and neck cancer. METHODS We searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and 2 Chinese science databases in order to enroll all eligible articles. Forty-seven studies were included in this meta-analysis. All results were evaluated by the random-effects model. RESULTS VEGF overexpression is significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS; hazard ratio [HR], 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.61-2.22) and progression-free survival (PFS; HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.33-2.12). Subgroup analysis reveals that VEGF overexpression is a significant poor predictor for nasopharyngeal cancer (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.30-2.12) and salivary gland cancer (HR, 3.32; 95% CI, 1.61-6.84). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis supports that VEGF overexpression is an available poor predictor for patients with head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Natasya Naili MN, Hasnita CH, Shamim AK, Hasnan J, Fauziah MI, Narazah MY, James A, Zulkiflee S, Nidzam MMT, Zilfalil BA. Chromosomal alterations in Malaysian patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 203:309-12. [PMID: 21156250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common cancers in Malaysia, mainly occurring among the Chinese population. To detect common genetic alterations in NPC, we screened seven cases of NPC using the comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) technique. Before proceeding to the CGH technique, the tumors were first confirmed to consist of 75% tumor cells or more. In brief, the technique consists of binding tumor DNA with normal DNA and human Cot-1 DNA, which is then hybridized to normal metaphase spreads. The slides were then counterstained with 4,6 diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI II) for detection. Analyses were performed using CGH software (Cytovision). We found genetic alterations in all seven NPC samples. The common chromosomal gains (57%, four cases) were found on chromosome arms 1q, 4p, 5, 7q, 11, 14p, 15q, 18p, and 21p, and common chromosomal losses (43%, three cases) were found on chromosome arm 16p. Our results showed chromosomal alterations in all seven NPC cases in the Malaysian population. This result provides the platform for further investigations to locate tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes at specific chromosomal regions in Malaysian NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Natasya Naili
- Human Genome Center, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab I, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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The progress on genetic analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Comp Funct Genomics 2010:57513. [PMID: 18288251 PMCID: PMC2233780 DOI: 10.1155/2007/57513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare malignancy in most parts of the world, but is one of the most common cancers in Southeast Asia. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the tumorigenesis of NPC, most notably the consumption of certain salted food items and Epstein-Barr virus infection. This review will focus on the current progress of the genetic analysis of NPC (genetic susceptibilities and somatic alterations). We will review the current advances in genomic technologies and their shaping of the future direction of NPC research.
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Deng YF, Zhou DN, Lu YD. Allelic imbalance and abnormal expression of FHIT in endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: association with clinicopathological features. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 267:1933-41. [PMID: 20552362 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-010-1301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The FHIT gene is involved in the pathogenesis of many cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate allelic imbalance (AI) pattern at FHIT locus and alteration of FHIT gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and analyzed potential correlation between AI, FHIT mRNA expression and clinicopathological factors. We examined AI, including loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI), at FHIT locus in 41 cases of NPC by microsatellite analysis and FHIT gene status in 30 cases of NPC by nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. The frequencies of LOH and MSI at FHIT locus in NPC were 70.7% (29/41) and 36.6% (15/41), respectively. Thirteen of thirty (43.3%) NPCs exhibited aberrant FHIT transcripts. LOH and abnormal FHIT expression were correlated with advanced clinical stage and higher titers of immunoglobulin (Ig) A against Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen (EBVCA-IgA) (p < 0.05). Abnormal FHIT expression was also correlated with tumor recurrence (p < 0.05). MSI was correlated with early clinical stage and higher titers of EBVCA-IgA (p < 0.05). AI at FHIT locus is a common event and contributes to genetic imbalance in NPC. The abnormalities of FHIT, presumably associated with genetic imbalance at FHIT locus, might be involved in the development and the tumor recurrence of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fei Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, 209 Hubin South Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, People's Republic of China.
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Miloševic-Djordjevic O, Grujicic D, Vaskovic Z, Marinkovic D. High Micronucleus Frequency in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Untreated Cancer Patients Irrespective of Gender, Smoking and Cancer Sites. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2010; 220:115-20. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.220.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhou W, Feng X, Li H, Wang L, Zhu B, Liu W, Zhao M, Yao K, Ren C. Inactivation of LARS2, located at the commonly deleted region 3p21.3, by both epigenetic and genetic mechanisms in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2009; 41:54-62. [PMID: 19129950 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmn006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allelic loss of chromosome 3p, including the 3p21.3 region, is found in 95-100% of primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies, suggesting that this region should harbor some tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) closely related to NPC development. Several TSGs located at 3p21.3, such as RASSF1A, LTF and BLU, have been demonstrated to be involved in NPC development. LARS2 (leucyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial) is another gene located in the chromosome 3 common eliminated region-1 (C3CER1) at 3p21.3. In this study, we focussed on the epigenetic and genetic alterations of LARS2 in NPC. The mRNA expression of LARS2 was detected in 36 NPC and 8 chronic nasopharyngitis (NP) tissues by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR. Subsequently, the mutation, allelic loss, and methylation status of LARS2 were analysed by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), homozygous deletion (HD) analysis and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in primary NPC tissues. No expression or downregulation of LARS2 was observed in 78% of primary NPC tissues. No mutations, assessed by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing, were found in the promoter region and exon 1 of LARS2 in NPC tissues, whereas HD was detected in 28% of NPC specimens at the LARS2 locus. In addition, hypermethylation of LARS2 was found in 64% of NPC samples but only in 12.5% of NP biopsies. Our data indicate that inactivation of LARS2 by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms may be a common and important event in the carcinogenesis of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiang-Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Fang W, Li X, Jiang Q, Liu Z, Yang H, Wang S, Xie S, Liu Q, Liu T, Huang J, Xie W, Li Z, Zhao Y, Wang E, Marincola FM, Yao K. Transcriptional patterns, biomarkers and pathways characterizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma of Southern China. J Transl Med 2008; 6:32. [PMID: 18570662 PMCID: PMC2443113 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-6-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a complicated process involving genetic predisposition, Epstein-Bar Virus infection, and genetic alterations. Although some oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been previously reported in NPC, a complete understanding of the pathogenesis of NPC in the context of global gene expression, transcriptional pathways and biomarker assessment remains to be elucidated. METHODS Total RNA from 32 pathologically-confirmed cases of poorly-differentiated NPC was divided into pools inclusive of four consecutive specimens and each pool (T1 to T8) was co-hybridized with pooled RNA from 24 normal non-cancerous nasopharyngeal tissues (NP) to a human 8K cDNA array platform. The reliability of microarray data was validated for selected genes by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Stringent statistical filtering parameters identified 435 genes to be up-regulated and 257 genes to be down-regulated in NPC compared to NP. Seven up-regulated genes including CYC1, MIF, LAMB3, TUBB2, UBE2C and TRAP1 had been previously proposed as candidate common cancer biomarkers based on a previous extensive comparison among various cancers and normal tissues which did not, however, include NPC or NP. In addition, nine known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, MIF, BIRC5, PTTG1, ATM, FOXO1A, TGFBR2, PRKAR1A, KLF5 and PDCD4 were identified through the microarray literature-based annotation search engine MILANO, suggesting these genes may be specifically involved in the promotion of the malignant conversion of nasopharyngeal epithelium. Finally, we found that these differentially expressed genes were involved in apoptosis, MAPK, VEGF and B cell receptor signaling pathways and other functions associated with cell growth, signal transduction and immune system activation. CONCLUSION This study identified potential candidate biomarkers, oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes involved in several pathways relevant to the oncogenesis of NPC. This information may facilitate the determination of diagnostic and therapeutic targets for NPC as well as provide insights about the molecular pathogenesis of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Key Lab for Transcriptomics and Proteomics of Human Fatal Diseases Supported by Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, 510515, PR China.
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Loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 14q is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 134:1267-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-008-0423-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Deng YF, Zhou DN, Lu YD. Frequent allelic loss at the FRA3B site in endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: association with clinical features and Epstein-Barr virus infection. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2007; 121:1073-8. [PMID: 17359554 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215107006445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to precisely define the patterns of allelic loss at the FRA3B site in endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to determine whether an association exists between allelic loss, clinicopathological features and Epstein-Barr virus infection. We examined the loss of heterozygosity in 40 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from an endemic area in southern China, using eight high dense, polymorphic, microsatellite markers within or flanking the FRA3B site. Loss of heterozygosity at the FRA3B region was shown in 31 (77.5 per cent) primary tumours. Loss of heterozygosity was found most frequently at the D3S1300 (55.6 per cent) and D3S2757 (50.0 per cent) loci. The common area of deletion was located between the D3S4103 and D3S4260 loci. In nasopharyngeal carcinoma, loss of heterozygosity at the FRA3B/fragile histidine triad locus correlated with the following clinicopathological parameters: tumour T-stage, lymph node status, clinical stage, tumour differentiation and serum antibody titres of immunoglobulin (Ig) A against Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen. Significantly frequent loss of heterozygosity was observed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with tumour stages T3 and T4, lymph node metastasis and advanced tumour-node-metastasis staging (III and IV). Very frequent loss of heterozygosity was also observed to correlate with World Health Organization type III nasopharyngeal carcinoma histopathology. We also found that nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with high titres of IgA against Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen showed very frequent loss of heterozygosity. Allelic loss at the FRA3B site occurs significantly more commonly in endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. This suggests that the region between D3S4103 and D3S4260 may represent a preferential molecular target in nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Li X, Wang E, Zhao YD, Ren JQ, Jin P, Yao KT, Marincola FM. Chromosomal imbalances in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis of comparative genomic hybridization results. J Transl Med 2006; 4:4. [PMID: 16423296 PMCID: PMC1403800 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly prevalent disease in Southeast Asia and its prevalence is clearly affected by genetic background. Various theories have been suggested for its high incidence in this geographical region but to these days no conclusive explanation has been identified. Chromosomal imbalances identifiable through comparative genomic hybridization may shed some light on common genetic alterations that may be of relevance to the onset and progression of NPC. Review of the literature, however, reveals contradictory results among reported findings possibly related to factors associated with patient selection, stage of disease, differences in methodological details etc. To increase the power of the analysis and attempt to identify commonalities among the reported findings, we performed a meta-analysis of results described in NPC tissues based on chromosomal comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). This meta-analysis revealed consistent patters in chromosomal abnormalities that appeared to cluster in specific "hot spots" along the genome following a stage-dependent progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of pathology and Cancer research Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, PR. China
| | - Ena Wang
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ying-dong Zhao
- Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jia-Qiang Ren
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ping Jin
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kai-Tai Yao
- Department of pathology and Cancer research Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, PR. China
| | - Francesco M Marincola
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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