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Xia D, Zhang X, Hao H, Jiang W, Chen C, Li H, Feng L, Li J, Wu Y, Zhang L, Hu Y. Strategies to prolong drug retention in solid tumors by aggregating Endo-CMC nanoparticles. J Control Release 2023; 360:705-717. [PMID: 37423525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing a highly effective nano-drug delivery system with sufficient drug permeability and retention in tumors is still a major challenge for oncotherapy. Herein, a tumor microenvironment responsive, aggregable nanocarriers embedded hydrogel (Endo-CMC@hydrogel) was developed to inhibit the tumoral angiogenesis and hypoxia for enhanced radiotherapy. The antiangiogenic drug (recombinant human endostatin, Endo) loaded carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles (Endo-CMC NPs) was wrapped by 3D hydrogel to comprise the Endo-CMC@hydrogel. After peritumoral injection, the Endo-CMC NPs were released, invaded deeply into the solid tumor, and cross-linked with intratumoral calcium ions. The cross-linking process enabled these Endo-CMC NPs to form larger particles, leading to long retention in tumor tissue to minimize premature clearance. This Endo-CMC@hydrogel, integrating the abilities of good tumoral penetration, long retention of anti-drug, and alleviation of hypoxia in tumor tissue, greatly improved the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy. This work provides a proof-of-concept of tumor microenvironment-responding and an aggregable nano-drug delivery system as promising antitumor drug carriers for effective tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Xia
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China; College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226362, China
| | - Huang Hao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China; School of Health Medicine, Nantong Institute of Technology, Nantong, Jiangsu 226002, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Haoming Li
- Medical school, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Linzi Feng
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong Geriatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.
| | - Yong Hu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
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Cuny T, de Herder W, Barlier A, Hofland LJ. Role of the tumor microenvironment in digestive neuroendocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R519-R544. [PMID: 30306777 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) represent a group of heterogeneous tumors whose incidence increased over the past few years. Around half of patients already present with metastatic disease at the initial diagnosis. Despite extensive efforts, cytotoxic and targeted therapies have provided only limited efficacy for patients with metastatic GEP-NETs, mainly due to the development of a certain state of resistance. One factor contributing to both the failure of systemic therapies and the emergence of an aggressive tumor phenotype may be the tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising dynamic and adaptative assortment of extracellular matrix components and non-neoplastic cells, which surround the tumor niche. Accumulating evidence shows that the TME can simultaneously support both tumor growth and metastasis and contribute to a certain state of resistance to treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the TME of GEP-NETs and discuss the current therapeutic agents that target GEP-NETs and those that could be of interest in the (near) future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cuny
- Division Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Marseille, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital de la Conception, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Hypophysaires HYPO, Marseille, France
| | - Wouter de Herder
- Division Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Barlier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), Marseille, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital de la Conception, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Hypophysaires HYPO, Marseille, France
| | - Leo J Hofland
- Division Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Buchanan PJ, McCloskey KD. Ca V channels and cancer: canonical functions indicate benefits of repurposed drugs as cancer therapeutics. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:621-633. [PMID: 27342111 PMCID: PMC5045480 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The importance of ion channels in the hallmarks of many cancers is increasingly recognised. This article reviews current knowledge of the expression of members of the voltage-gated calcium channel family (CaV) in cancer at the gene and protein level and discusses their potential functional roles. The ten members of the CaV channel family are classified according to expression of their pore-forming α-subunit; moreover, co-expression of accessory α2δ, β and γ confers a spectrum of biophysical characteristics including voltage dependence of activation and inactivation, current amplitude and activation/inactivation kinetics. CaV channels have traditionally been studied in excitable cells including neurones, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle and cardiac cells, and drugs targeting the channels are used in the treatment of hypertension and epilepsy. There is emerging evidence that several CaV channels are differentially expressed in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. Interestingly, a number of CaV channels also have non-canonical functions and are involved in transcriptional regulation of the expression of other proteins including potassium channels. Pharmacological studies show that CaV canonical function contributes to the fundamental biology of proliferation, cell-cycle progression and apoptosis. This raises the intriguing possibility that calcium channel blockers, approved for the treatment of other conditions, could be repurposed to treat particular cancers. Further research will reveal the full extent of both the canonical and non-canonical functions of CaV channels in cancer and whether calcium channel blockers are beneficial in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Buchanan
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK.,National Institute of Cellular Biotechnology, School of Nursing and Human Science, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Karen D McCloskey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AE, UK.
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Rapa I, Votta A, Felice B, Righi L, Giorcelli J, Scarpa A, Speel EJM, Scagliotti GV, Papotti M, Volante M. Identification of MicroRNAs Differentially Expressed in Lung Carcinoid Subtypes and Progression. Neuroendocrinology 2015; 101:246-55. [PMID: 25791280 DOI: 10.1159/000381454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To extensively explore microRNA expression profiles in lung carcinoids in correlation with clinical and pathological features. METHODS A PCR-based array was employed in the screening phase to analyze 752 microRNAs in a discovery set of 12 lung carcinoids, including 6 typical (3 with lymph node metastasis) and 6 atypical (3 with lymph node metastasis). The results were validated by means of real-time PCR in 37 carcinoids, including 22 typical (4 with lymph node metastasis) and 15 atypical (7 with lymph node metastasis), and 19 high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. RESULTS Unsupervised cluster analysis segregated the pilot cases into 3 distinct groups. Twenty-four microRNAs were differentially regulated in atypical versus typical carcinoids, and 29 in metastatic versus nonmetastatic cases. Eleven microRNAs were selected for validation. All but 1 were significantly different among lung neuroendocrine tumor histotypes. Moreover, 5 (miR-129-5p, miR-409-3p, miR-409-5p, miR-185 and miR-497) were significantly upregulated in typical compared to atypical carcinoids. MiR-409-3p, miR-409-5p and miR-431-5p were also significantly downregulated in carcinoids metastatic to the lymph nodes. Predictive in silico analysis of specific target genes showed that these 3 latter microRNAs linked to metastatic potential are implicated in several cellular functions and highlighted several novel genes which may be worth exploring. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that lung carcinoids have distinct microRNA expression profiles as compared to high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas and that specific microRNAs might have potential implications as diagnostic tools or clinical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Rapa
- Department of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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Reidy-Lagunes DL, Vakiani E, Segal MF, Hollywood EM, Tang LH, Solit DB, Pietanza MC, Capanu M, Saltz LB. A phase 2 study of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor inhibitor MK-0646 in patients with metastatic, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer 2012; 118:4795-800. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thermo-sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid channel-1 regulates intracellular calcium and triggers chromogranin A secretion in pancreatic neuroendocrine BON-1 tumor cells. Cell Signal 2012; 24:233-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Molè D, Gagliano T, Gentilin E, Tagliati F, Pasquali C, Ambrosio MR, Pansini G, Degli Uberti EC, Zatelli MC. Targeting protein kinase C by Enzastaurin restrains proliferation and secretion in human pancreatic endocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2011; 18:439-50. [PMID: 21606156 DOI: 10.1530/erc-11-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway has been implicated in tumor progression. In this study, we investigate the effects of a PKC inhibitor, Enzastaurin, in human pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNN) primary cultures and in the human pancreatic endocrine cancer cell line, BON1. To this aim six human PNN dispersed in primary cultures and BON1 cells were treated without or with 1-10 μM Enzastaurin and/or 100 nM IGF1 in the presence or absence of serum. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated after 48-72 h; Chromogranin A (CgA) and/or insulin secretion was assessed after 6 h of incubation. PKC expression was investigated by immunofluorescence and western blot. We found that Enzastaurin significantly reduced human PNN primary culture cell viability, as well as CgA and insulin secretion. Moreover, in the BON1 cell line Enzastaurin inhibited cell proliferation at 5 and 10 μM by inducing caspase-mediated apoptosis, and reduced phosphorylation of glycogen synthetase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and of Akt, both downstream targets of PKC pathway and pharmacodynamic markers for Enzastaurin. In addition, Enzastaurin blocked the stimulatory effect of IGF1 on cell proliferation, and reduced CgA expression and secretion in BON1 cells. Two different PKC isoforms are expressed at different levels and have partially different subcellular localization in BON1 cells. In conclusion, Enzastaurin reduces cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis, with a mechanism likely involving GSK3β signaling, and inhibits secretory activity in PNN in vitro models, suggesting that Enzastaurin might represent a possible medical treatment of human PNN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Molè
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Mergler S, Singh V, Grötzinger C, Kaczmarek P, Wiedenmann B, Strowski MZ. Characterization of voltage operated R-type Ca2+ channels in modulating somatostatin receptor subtype 2- and 3-dependent inhibition of insulin secretion from INS-1 cells. Cell Signal 2008; 20:2286-95. [PMID: 18793718 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) inhibits Ca(2+) entry into pancreatic B-cells via voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels (VOCCs) of L-type, leading to the suppression of insulin secretion. Activation of R-type channels increases insulin secretion. However, the role of R-type Ca(2+) channels (Ca(V)2.3) in mediating the effects of SST on insulin secretion has not been so far investigated. Here, we identify the SST-receptor subtypes (SSTR) expressed on insulin-producing INS-1 cells by RT-PCR and by functional assays. The role of R-type channels in regulating [Ca(2+)](i) in response to SST-treatment was detected by cell fluorescence imaging and patch-clamp technique. INS-1 expressed SSTR2 and SSTR3 and agonists (ag.) selective for these receptors reduced 10 nM exendin-4/20 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Surprisingly, SST and SST2-ag. transiently increased [Ca(2+)](i). Subsequently, these agonists led to a decrease in [Ca(2+)](i) below the basal levels. In contrast, SST3-ag. failed to induce a transient peak of [Ca(2+)](i). Instead, a persistent minor suppression of [Ca(2+)](i) was detected from 25 min. R-type channel blocker SNX-482 altered [Ca(2+)](i) in SST- and SST2-ag.-treated cells. Notably, the inhibition of insulin secretion by SST and SST2-ag., but not SST3-ag. was attenuated by SNX-482. Taken together, SST and SSTR2 regulate [Ca(2+)](i) and insulin secretion in INS-1 cells via R-type channels. In contrast, the R-type calcium channel does not mediate the effects of SST3-ag. on insulin secretion. We conclude that R-type channels play a major role in the inhibition of insulin secretion by somatostatin in INS-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mergler
- Augenklinik, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Tran VS, Huet S, Fanget I, Cribier S, Henry JP, Karatekin E. Characterization of sequential exocytosis in a human neuroendocrine cell line using evanescent wave microscopy and “virtual trajectory” analysis. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2007; 37:55-69. [PMID: 17440716 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-007-0161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Secretion of hormones and other bioactive substances is a fundamental process for virtually all multicellular organisms. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), we have studied the calcium-triggered exocytosis of single, fluorescently labeled large, dense core vesicles in the human neuroendocrine BON cell line. Three types of exocytotic events were observed: (1) simple fusions (disappearance of a fluorescent spot by rapid diffusion of the dye released to the extracellular space), (2) "orphan" fusions for which only rapid dye diffusion, but not the parent vesicle, could be detected, and (3) events with incomplete or multi-step disappearance of a fluorescent spot. Although all three types were reported previously, only the first case is clearly understood. Here, thanks to a combination of two-color imaging, variable angle TIRFM, and novel statistical analyses, we show that the latter two types of events are generated by the same basic mechanism, namely shape retention of fused vesicle ghosts which become targets for sequential fusions with deeper lying vesicles. Overall, approximately 25% of all exocytotic events occur via sequential fusion. Secondary vesicles, located 200-300 nm away from the cell membrane are as fusion ready as primary vesicles located very near the cell membrane. These findings call for a fundamental shift in current models of regulated secretion in endocrine cells. Previously, sequential fusion had been studied mainly using two-photon imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this work constitutes the first quantitative report on sequential fusion using TIRFM, despite its long running and widespread use in studies of secretory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Samuel Tran
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, CNRS, UPR 1929, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France
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Li Y, Ganta S, Cheng C, Craig R, Ganta RR, Freeman LC. FSH stimulates ovarian cancer cell growth by action on growth factor variant receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 267:26-37. [PMID: 17234334 PMCID: PMC1880879 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of FSH receptor (FSH-R) isoforms with distinct structural motifs and signaling paradigms have been described, including a single transmembrane domain variant that functions as a growth factor type receptor (FSH-R3). This study tested the hypothesis that FSH can stimulate ovarian cancer cell proliferation by acting on FSH-R3, using the tumorigenic mouse ovarian surface epithelial cell (MOSEC) line ID8. FSH enhanced ID8 proliferation in a concentration-dependent fashion. Moreover, FSH-treatment of ID8 elicited intracellular events consistent with activation of FSH-R3 and distinct from those associated with activation of the canonical G-protein coupled FSH-R isoform (FSH-R1). Specifically, the FSH-R3 signaling pathway included cAMP-independent activation of ERK downstream of an SNX-482 sensitive component likely to be the Cav2.3 calcium channel. Northern analysis using probes specific for exons 7 and 11 of FSH-R identified consistently only one 1.9kb transcript. Immunoblot analysis confirmed expression of FSH-R3 but not FSHR-1 in ID8. Together, these data suggest that FSH-R3 signaling promotes proliferation of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - S Ganta
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - C Cheng
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - R Craig
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - RR Ganta
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - LC Freeman
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
- *Corresponding author: Lisa C. Freeman, DVM, PhD, Professor of Pharmacology, Kansas State University, 212 Coles Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-5802, Tel: 785-532-4542, Fax: 785-532-4557,
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Mergler S, Strowski MZ, Kaiser S, Plath T, Giesecke Y, Neumann M, Hosokawa H, Kobayashi S, Langrehr J, Neuhaus P, Plöckinger U, Wiedenmann B, Grötzinger C. Transient receptor potential channel TRPM8 agonists stimulate calcium influx and neurotensin secretion in neuroendocrine tumor cells. Neuroendocrinology 2007; 85:81-92. [PMID: 17426390 DOI: 10.1159/000101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
TRPM8 is a member of the melastatin-type transient receptor potential ion channel family. Activation by cold or by agonists (menthol, icilin) induces a transient rise in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). Our previous study demonstrated that Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels play a role in IGF-1-induced secretion of chromogranin A in human neuroendocrine tumor (NET) cell line BON [Mergler et al.: Neuroendocrinology 2006;82:87-102]. Here, we extend our earlier study by investigating the expression of TRPM8 and characterizing its impact on [Ca(2+)](i) and the secretion of neurotensin (NT). We identified TRPM8 expression in NET BON cells by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Icilin increased [Ca(2+)](i) in TRPM8-transfected human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) but not in mock-transfected cells. Icilin and menthol induced Ca(2+) transients in BON cells as well as in primary NET cell cultures of two different pancreatic NETs as detected by single cell fluorescence imaging. Icilin increased non-selective cation channel currents in BON cells as detected by patch-clamp recordings. This activation was associated with increased NT secretion. Taken together, this study demonstrates for the first time the expression TRPM8 in NET cells and its role in regulating [Ca(2+)](i) and NT secretion. The regulation of NT secretion in NETs by TRPM8 may have a potential clinical implication in diagnosis or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mergler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
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