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Petersen M, Lotke R, Hopfensperger K, Victoria S, Haußmann I, Burster T, Baldauf HM, Sauter D. Inhibition of Infectious HIV-1 Production by Rerouting the Cellular Furin Inhibitor Serpin B8. J Virol 2023; 97:e0029423. [PMID: 37272794 PMCID: PMC10308892 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00294-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serpins are a superfamily of proteins that regulate a variety of physiological processes by irreversibly inhibiting the enzymatic activity of different serine proteases. For example, Serpin Family B Member 8 (Serpin B8, also known as PI8 and CAP2) binds to and inhibits the proprotein convertase furin. Like many other viral pathogens, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) exploits furin for the proteolytic activation of its envelope glycoprotein (Env). Since the furin inhibitor Serpin B8 is expressed in primary target cells of HIV-1 and induced under inflammatory conditions, we hypothesized that it might interfere with HIV-1 Env maturation and decrease infectivity of newly produced virions. Indeed, recombinant Serpin B8 reduced furin-mediated cleavage of an HIV-1 Env reporter substrate in vitro. However, Serpin B8 did not affect Env maturation or reduce HIV-1 particle infectivity when expressed in HIV-1-producing cells. Immunofluorescence imaging, dimerization assays and in silico sequence analyses revealed that Serpin B8 failed to inhibit intracellular furin since both proteins localized to different subcellular compartments. We therefore aimed at rendering Serpin B8 active against HIV-1 by relocalizing it to furin-containing secretory compartments. Indeed, the addition of a heterologous signal peptide conferred potent anti-HIV-1 activity to Serpin B8 and significantly decreased infectivity of newly produced viral particles. Thus, our findings demonstrate that subcellular relocalization of a cellular protease inhibitor can result in efficient inhibition of infectious HIV-1 production. IMPORTANCE Many cellular proteases serve as dependency factors during viral infection and are hijacked by viruses for the maturation of their own (glyco)proteins. Consequently, inhibition of these cellular proteases may represent a means to inhibit the spread of viral infection. For example, several studies have investigated the serine protease furin as a potential therapeutic target since this protease cleaves and activates several viral envelope proteins, including HIV-1 Env. Besides the development of small molecule inhibitors, cell-intrinsic protease inhibitors may also be exploited to advance current antiviral treatment approaches. Here, we show that Serpin B8, an endogenous furin inhibitor, can inhibit HIV-1 Env maturation and efficiently reduce infectious HIV-1 production when rerouted to the secretory pathway. The results of our study not only provide important insights into the biology of Serpins, but also show how protein engineering of an endogenous furin inhibitor can render it active against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Petersen
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rishikesh Lotke
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Hopfensperger
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabina Victoria
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabell Haußmann
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timo Burster
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Hanna-Mari Baldauf
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Mohammed SG, Arjona FJ, Verschuren EHJ, Bakey Z, Alkema W, Hijum S, Schmidts M, Bindels RJM, Hoenderop JGJ. Primary cilia‐regulated transcriptome in the renal collecting duct. FASEB J 2018; 32:3653-3668. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701228r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami G. Mohammed
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Francisco J. Arjona
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Eric H. J. Verschuren
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Zeineb Bakey
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Wynand Alkema
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular InformaticsRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Sacha Hijum
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular InformaticsRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital FreiburgFreiburg University Medical FacultyFreiburgGermany
| | - Rene J. M. Bindels
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Joost G. J. Hoenderop
- Department of PhysiologyRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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Kappert K, Meyborg H, Fritzsche J, Urban D, Krüger J, Wellnhofer E, Kintscher U, Fleck E, Stawowy P. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 3 promotes adipose tissue-driven macrophage chemotaxis and is increased in obesity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70542. [PMID: 23936445 PMCID: PMC3735592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is a key feature in cardiometabolic syndrome-associated adipogenesis and atherosclerosis. Activation of membrane-tethered (MT) 1-MMP depends on furin (PCSK3). However, the regulation and function of the natural furin-inhibitor serpinB8 and thus furin/MT1-MMP-activity in obesity-related tissue inflammation/remodeling is unknown. Here we aimed to determine the role of serpinB8/furin in obesity-associated chronic inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Monocyte → macrophage transformation was characterized by decreases in serpinB8 and increases in furin/MT1-MMP. Rescue of serpinB8 by protein overexpression inhibited furin-dependent pro-MT1-MMP activation in macrophages, supporting its role as a furin-inhibitor. Obese white adipose tissue-facilitated macrophage migration was inhibited by furin- and MMP-inhibition, stressing the importance of the furin-MMP axis in fat tissue inflammation/remodeling. Monocytes from obese patients (body mass index (BMI) >30kg/m(2)) had higher furin, MT1-MMP, and resistin gene expression compared to normal weight individuals (BMI<25kg/m(2)) with significant correlations of BMI/furin and furin/MT1-MMP. In vitro, the adipocytokine resistin induced furin and MT1-MMP in mononuclear cells (MNCs), while MCP-1 had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Acquisition of the inflammatory macrophage phenotype is characterized by an imbalance in serpinB8/furin, leading to MT1-MMP activation, thereby enhancing migration. Increases in MT1-MMP and furin are present in MNCs from obese patients. Dissecting the regulation of furin and its inhibitor serpinB8 should facilitate targeting inflammation/remodeling in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kappert
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Meyborg
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Fritzsche
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Urban
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Krüger
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ernst Wellnhofer
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kintscher
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckart Fleck
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Stawowy
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Sui W, He H, Yan Q, Chen J, Zhang R, Dai Y. Genome-wide analysis of histone H3 lysine9 trimethylation by ChIP-seq in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of uremia patients. Hemodial Int 2013; 17:493-501. [PMID: 23621585 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of uremia is now dominated by dialysis, in some cases, patients are treated with dialysis for decades, but overall outcomes are disappointing. A number of studies have confirmed the relevance of several experimental insights to the pathogenesis of uremia, but the specific biomarkers of uremia have not been fully elucidated. Studies of the epigenome have attracted little interest in nephrology, especially in uremia. However, to date, our knowledge about the alterations in histone methylation in uremia is unclear. H3K9me3 variations were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 uremia patients and 10 healthy subjects, using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). There were 96 genes with significantly different expressions in the uremia patients compared with the normal controls. Forty-two increased and 54 decreased H3K9me3 genes displaying significant differences were found in uremia patients compared with healthy subjects. Five positive genes, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (RAC3), polycomb group ring finger 2 (PCGF2), myosin heavy chain 3 (MYH3), noggin (NOG), serpin peptidase inhibitor 8 (SERPINB8), were selected and quantified. Our studies indicate that there are significant alterations of H3K9me3 in uremia patients; these significant H3K9me3 candidates may help to explain the immunological disturbance and high cardiovascular complications in uremia patients. Such novel findings show the significance of H3K9me3 as a potential biomarker or promising target for epigenetic-based uremia therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Sui
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Nephrology Department of 181st Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Heutinck KM, Kassies J, Florquin S, ten Berge IJM, Hamann J, Rowshani AT. SerpinB9 expression in human renal tubular epithelial cells is induced by triggering of the viral dsRNA sensors TLR3, MDA5 and RIG-I. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:2746-54. [PMID: 22167597 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine protease inhibitor B9 (serpinB9) protects against granzyme B-mediated apoptosis and could help to reduce tubular damage under inflammatory conditions like interstitial nephritis. Previously, we found that tubular serpinB9 expression was increased during subclinical rejection. Here, we studied the regulation of serpinB9 expression in tubular epithelial cells (TECs) under inflammatory conditions. METHODS SerpinB9 expression was analysed on messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein levels in primary human TECs were stimulated with various cytokines and pattern recognition receptor ligands and in kidney transplant biopsies obtained during different types of viral infection. RESULTS Of the inflammatory stimuli tested, only the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analogue poly(I:C) promoted serpinB9 mRNA and protein expression. We found that TECs express the viral dsRNA receptors Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I). dsRNA receptor ligands enhanced serpinB9 expression, which involved nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation, did not require Type I interferon production and was a direct result of dsRNA receptor-induced gene transcription. In kidney transplants, serpinB9 transcription was increased during infection with cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus or BK virus compared to stable grafts. Immunohistochemistry showed that tubuli and lymphocytes expressed the inhibitor. CONCLUSION SerpinB9 expression in human TECs is induced by triggering of the viral dsRNA sensors TLR3, MDA5 and RIG-I. Viral dsRNA may increase the threshold for granzyme B-mediated apoptosis in TECs via serpinB9 upregulation and thus help to protect the kidney against cytotoxic insults during viral infection.
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MESH Headings
- BK Virus/genetics
- Biopsy
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- DEAD Box Protein 58
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/metabolism
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1
- Kidney Diseases/metabolism
- Kidney Diseases/surgery
- Kidney Diseases/virology
- Kidney Transplantation
- Kidney Tubules/cytology
- Kidney Tubules/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/cytology
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Poly I-C/pharmacology
- Polyomavirus Infections/genetics
- Polyomavirus Infections/metabolism
- Polyomavirus Infections/virology
- RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics
- RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Serpins/genetics
- Serpins/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 3/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 3/metabolism
- Tumor Virus Infections/genetics
- Tumor Virus Infections/metabolism
- Tumor Virus Infections/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin M Heutinck
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Renal Transplant Unit, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Chrétien M, Seidah NG, Basak A, Mbikay M. Proprotein convertases as therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 12:1289-300. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.12.10.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yamamoto F, Yamamoto M. Scanning copy number and gene expression on the 18q21-qter chromosomal region by the systematic multiplex PCR and reverse transcription-PCR methods. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:1882-95. [PMID: 17523142 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We examined differences in copy number and expression of 127 genes located on the 18q21-qter chromosomal region of the breast and prostate cancer cell lines, using the systematic multiplex PCR and reverse transcription-PCR (SM PCR and SM RT-PCR) methods that we developed. Semi-quantitative data were obtained that were comparable in quality, but not in quantity, to data from DNA microarray hybridization analysis. In the chromosomal region where losses are frequent in breast, prostate, and other cancers, we detected a homozygous deletion of the SMAD4 gene in the MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line. We also observed partial or entire loss of expression in genes such as CCBE1, CCDC11, CD226, NP_115536.1, NP_689683.2, RNF152, SERPINB8, and TCF4 in certain breast and/or prostate cancer cell lines. An increase in gene expression was rare, but found with the transcription factor ONECUT2 gene in all of the cancer cell lines examined. Real-time qRT-PCR experiments confirmed these SM RT-PCR results. Further analysis of clinical specimens of breast cancer by real-time qRT-PCR demonstrated that the gene expression of CCBE1, TCF4, NP_115536.1, and NP_689683.2 was downregulated in the majority of clinical cases of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiichiro Yamamoto
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Program, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Schanstra JP, Bachvarova M, Neau E, Bascands JL, Bachvarov D. Gene expression profiling in the remnant kidney model of wild type and kinin B1 and B2 receptor knockout mice. Kidney Int 2007; 72:442-54. [PMID: 17579666 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are the most efficient pharmacologic agents to delay the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This is a multipharmacologic approach that inhibits angiotensin II formation while increasing kinin concentrations. Considerable attention has been focused on the role of decreased angiotensin II levels; however, the role of increased kinin levels is gaining in interest. Kinins affect cellular physiology by interacting with one of two receptors being the more inducible B1 and the more constitutive B2 receptors. This study utilizes the mouse remnant kidney of 20 weeks duration as a model of ESRD. Whole mouse genome microarrays were used to evaluate gene expression in the remnant kidneys of wild type, B1 and B2 receptor knockout animals. The microarray data indicate that gene families involved in vascular damage, inflammation, fibrosis, and proteinuria were upregulated, whereas gene families involved in cell growth, metabolism, lipid, and protein biosynthesis were downregulated in the remnant kidneys. Interestingly, the microarray analyses coupled to histological evaluations are suggestive of a possible protective role of kinins operating through the B2 receptor subtype in this model of renal disease. The results highlight the potential of microarray technology for unraveling complex mechanisms contributing to chronic renal failure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Pressure
- Cell Proliferation
- Cluster Analysis
- Creatinine/blood
- Creatinine/urine
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis/genetics
- Fibrosis/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Kidney/surgery
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/genetics
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nephrectomy
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Protein Biosynthesis/genetics
- Proteinuria/genetics
- Proteinuria/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Bradykinin B1/deficiency
- Receptor, Bradykinin B1/genetics
- Receptor, Bradykinin B1/metabolism
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/deficiency
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/genetics
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
- Time Factors
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