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Pérez-Velasco DL, Morales-Avila E, Ocampo-García B, Torres-García E, Izquierdo G, Jiménez-Mancilla N, Oros-Pantoja R, Díaz-Sánchez LE, Aranda-Lara L, Isaac-Olivé K. Biokinetics, radiopharmacokinetics and estimation of the absorbed dose in healthy organs due to Technetium-99m transported in the core and on the surface of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 122-123:108363. [PMID: 37419070 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of rHDL-radionuclide theragnostic systems requires evaluation of the absorbed doses that would be produced in healthy tissues and organs at risk. Technetium-99m is the most widely used radionuclide for diagnostic imaging, therefore, the design of theragnostic reconstituted high density-lipoprotein (rHDL) nanosystems labeled with Technetium-99m offers multiple possibilities. OBJECTIVE To determine the biokinetics, radiopharmacokinetics and estimate the absorbed doses induced in healthy organs by Technetium-99m transported in the core and on the surface of rHDL. METHODS Biokinetic and radiopharmacokinetic models of rHDL/[99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-DA (Technetium-99m in the core) and [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-rHDL (Technetium-99m on the surface) were calculated from their ex vivo biodistribution in healthy mice. Absorbed doses were estimated by the MIRD formalism using OLINDA/EXM and LMFIT softwares. RESULTS rHDL/[99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-DA and [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-rHDL show instantaneous absorption in kidney, lung, heart and pancreas, with slower absorption in spleen. rHDL/[99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-DA is absorbed more slowly in the intestine, while [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-rHDL is absorbed more slowly in the liver. The main target organ for rHDL/[99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-DA, which is hydrophobic in nature, is the liver, whereas the kidney is for the more hydrophilic [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-rHDL. Assuming that 925 MBq (25 mCi) of Technetium-99m, carried in the core or on the surface of rHDL, are administered, the maximum tolerated doses for the organs of greatest accumulation are not exceeded. CONCLUSION Theragnostic systems based on 99mTc-labeled rHDL are safe from the dosimetric point of view. The dose estimates obtained can be used to adjust the 99mTc-activity to be administered in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Pérez-Velasco
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Teranóstica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Enrique Morales-Avila
- Laboratorio de Toxicología y Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Blanca Ocampo-García
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Radiofármacos-CONACyT, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Eugenio Torres-García
- Laboratorio de Dosimetría y Simulación Monte Carlo, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Germán Izquierdo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50200, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Nallely Jiménez-Mancilla
- Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Radiofármacos-CONACyT, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto Oros-Pantoja
- Laboratorio de investigación en fisiología y endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Luis E Díaz-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50200, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Liliana Aranda-Lara
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Teranóstica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Keila Isaac-Olivé
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Teranóstica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Estado de México, Mexico.
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Gupta A, Sharma R, Kuche K, Jain S. Exploring the therapeutic potential of the bioinspired reconstituted high density lipoprotein nanostructures. Int J Pharm 2021; 596:120272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Dossou AS, Sabnis N, Nagarajan B, Mathew E, Fudala R, Lacko AG. Lipoproteins and the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1272:93-116. [PMID: 32845504 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48457-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in enhancing the growth of malignant tumors and thus contributing to "aggressive phenotypes," supporting sustained tumor growth and metastasis. The precise interplay between the numerous components of the TME that contribute to the emergence of these aggressive phenotypes is yet to be elucidated and currently under intense investigation. The purpose of this article is to identify specific role(s) for lipoproteins as part of these processes that facilitate (or oppose) malignant growth as they interact with specific components of the TME during tumor development and treatment. Because of the scarcity of literature reports regarding the interaction of lipoproteins with the components of the tumor microenvironment, we were compelled to explore topics that were only tangentially related to this topic, to ensure that we have not missed any important concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akpedje Serena Dossou
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nirupama Sabnis
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Bhavani Nagarajan
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ezek Mathew
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Rafal Fudala
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Andras G Lacko
- Lipoprotein Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA. .,Departments of Physiology/Anatomy and Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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4
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D’Arrigo JS. Nanotargeting of Drug(s) for Delaying Dementia: Relevance of Covid-19 Impact on Dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2020; 35:1533317520976761. [PMID: 33307726 PMCID: PMC10623919 DOI: 10.1177/1533317520976761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By incorporating appropriate drug(s) into lipid (biobased) nanocarriers, one obtains a combination therapeutic for dementia treatment that targets certain cell-surface scavenger receptors (mainly class B type I, or "SR-BI") and thereby crosses the blood-brain barrier. The cardiovascular risk factors for dementia trigger widespread inflammation -- which lead to neurodegeneration, gradual cognitive/memory decline, and eventually (late-onset) dementia. Accordingly, one useful strategy to delay dementia could be based upon nanotargeting drug(s), using lipid nanocarriers, toward a major receptor class responsible for inflammation-associated (cytokine-mediated) cell signaling events. At the same time, the immune response and excessive inflammation, commonly observed in the very recent human coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, may accelerate the progression of brain inflammatory neurodegeneration-which increases the probability of post-infection memory impairment and accelerating progression of Alzheimer's disease. Hence, the proposed multitasking combination therapeutic, using a (biobased) lipid nanocarrier, may also display greater effectiveness at different stages of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. D’Arrigo
- Cavitation-Control Technology Inc, Farmington, CT, USA. D’Arrigo is now with Cav-Con, Inc, Bellevue, WA, USA
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5
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The SR-B1 Receptor as a Potential Target for Treating Glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:1805841. [PMID: 31275377 PMCID: PMC6583082 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1805841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The goal of these studies was to provide proof of concept for a novel targeted therapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Methods. These studies involve the evaluation of reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL) nanoparticles (NPs) as delivery agents for the drug, mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor Everolimus (EVR) to GBM cells. Cytotoxicity studies and assessment of downstream effects, including apoptosis, migration, and cell cycle events, were probed, in relation to the expression of scavenger receptor B type 1 (SR-B1) by GBM cells. Results Findings from cytotoxicity studies indicate that the rHDL/EVR formulation was 185 times more potent than free EVR against high SR-B1 expressing cell line (LN 229). Cell cycle analysis revealed that rHDL/EVR treated LN229 cells had a 5.8 times higher apoptotic cell population than those treated with EVR. The sensitivity of GBM cells to EVR treatment was strongly correlated with SR-B1 expression. Conclusions These studies present strong proof of concept regarding the efficacy of delivering EVR and likely other agents, via a biocompatible transport system, targeted to the SR-B1 receptor that is upregulated in most cancers, including GBM. Targeting the SR-B1 receptor could thus lead to effective personalized therapy of GBM.
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Isaac-Olivé K, Ocampo-García BE, Aranda-Lara L, Santos-Cuevas CL, Jiménez-Mancilla NP, Luna-Gutiérrez MA, Medina LA, Nagarajan B, Sabnis N, Raut S, Prokai L, Lacko AG. [ 99mTc-HYNIC-N-dodecylamide]: a new hydrophobic tracer for labelling reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) for radioimaging. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:541-551. [PMID: 30543234 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07484d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of nanotechnology in radio-imaging applications, lipoprotein based delivery systems have received only limited attention so far. These studies involve the synthesis of a novel hydrophobic radio-imaging tracer consisting of a hydrazinonicotinic acid (HYNIC)-N-dodecylamide and 99mTc conjugate that can be encapsulated into rHDL nanoparticles (NPs). These rHDL NPs can selectively target the Scavenger Receptor type B1 (SR-B1) that is overexpressed on most cancer cells due to excess demand for cholesterol for membrane biogenesis and thus can target tumors in vivo. We provide details of the tracer synthesis, characterization of the rHDL/tracer complex, in vitro uptake, stability studies and in vivo application of this new radio-imaging approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Isaac-Olivé
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, 50180 Estado de México, Mexico.
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Dhusia K, Bajpai A, Ramteke PW. Overcoming antibiotic resistance: Is siderophore Trojan horse conjugation an answer to evolving resistance in microbial pathogens? J Control Release 2017; 269:63-87. [PMID: 29129658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Comparative study of siderophore biosynthesis pathway in pathogens provides potential targets for antibiotics and host drug delivery as a part of computationally feasible microbial therapy. Iron acquisition using siderophore models is an essential and well established model in all microorganisms and microbial infections a known to cause great havoc to both plant and animal. Rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial as well as fungal pathogens has drawn us at a verge where one has to get rid of the traditional way of obstructing pathogen using single or multiple antibiotic/chemical inhibitors or drugs. 'Trojan horse' strategy is an answer to this imperative call where antibiotic are by far sneaked into the pathogenic cell via the siderophore receptors at cell and outer membrane. This antibiotic once gets inside, generates a 'black hole' scenario within the opportunistic pathogens via iron scarcity. For pathogens whose siderophore are not compatible to smuggle drug due to their complex conformation and stiff valence bonds, there is another approach. By means of the siderophore biosynthesis pathways, potential targets for inhibition of these siderophores in pathogenic bacteria could be achieved and thus control pathogenic virulence. Method to design artificial exogenous siderophores for pathogens that would compete and succeed the battle of intake is also covered with this review. These manipulated siderophore would enter pathogenic cell like any other siderophore but will not disperse iron due to which iron inadequacy and hence pathogens control be accomplished. The aim of this review is to offer strategies to overcome the microbial infections/pathogens using siderophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Dhusia
- Deptartment of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Allahabad-211007 (U.P.), India
| | - Archana Bajpai
- Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - P W Ramteke
- Deptartment of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bio-Engineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Allahabad-211007 (U.P.), India
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8
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Johnson R, Sabnis N, Sun X, Ahluwalia R, Lacko AG. SR-B1-targeted nanodelivery of anti-cancer agents: a promising new approach to treat triple-negative breast cancer. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2017; 9:383-392. [PMID: 28670138 PMCID: PMC5479299 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s131038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a considerably less favorable prognosis than those with hormone-positive breast cancers. TNBC patients do not respond to current endocrine treatment and have a 5-year survival prognosis of <30%. The research presented here is intended to fill a void toward the much needed development of improved treatment strategies for metastatic TNBC. The overall goal of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) nanoparticles (NPs) as delivery agents for anti-TNBC drugs. Using lapatinib and valrubicin as components of the rHDL/drug complexes resulted in a significantly better performance of the NP-transported drugs compared with their free (unencapsulated) counterparts. The enhancement of the therapeutic effect and the protection of normal cells (cardiomyocytes) achieved via the rHDL NPs were likely due to the overexpression of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (scavenger receptor class B type 1 [SR-B1]) receptor by the TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nirupama Sabnis
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center
| | | | | | - Andras G Lacko
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center.,Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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9
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Sabnis S, Sabnis NA, Raut S, Lacko AG. Superparamagnetic reconstituted high-density lipoprotein nanocarriers for magnetically guided drug delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1453-1464. [PMID: 28260891 PMCID: PMC5328662 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s122036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Current cancer chemotherapy is frequently associated with short- and long-term side effects, affecting the quality of life of cancer survivors. Because malignant cells are known to overexpress specific surface antigens, including receptors, targeted drug delivery is often utilized to reduce or overcome side effects. The current study involves a novel targeting approach using specifically designed nanoparticles, including encapsulation of the anti-cancer drug valrubicin into superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) containing reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) nanoparticles. Specifically, rHDL–SPION–valrubicin hybrid nanoparticles were assembled and characterized with respect to their physical and chemical properties, drug entrapment efficiency and receptor-mediated release of the drug valrubicin from the nanoparticles to prostate cancer (PC-3) cells. Prussian blue staining was used to assess nanoparticle movement in a magnetic field. Measurements of cytotoxicity toward PC-3 cells showed that rHDL–SPION–valrubicin nanoparticles were up to 4.6 and 31 times more effective at the respective valrubicin concentrations of 42.4 µg/mL and 85 µg/mL than the drug valrubicin alone. These studies showed, for the first time, that lipoprotein drug delivery enhanced via magnetic targeting could be an effective chemotherapeutic strategy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Sabnis
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center
| | - Nirupama A Sabnis
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center
| | - Sangram Raut
- Department of Physics, Texas Christian University
| | - Andras G Lacko
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Abstract
microRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs (sRNA) that post-transcriptionally regulate gene (mRNA) expression and are implicated in many biological processes and diseases. Many miRNAs have been reported to be altered in cardiovascular disease (CVD); both cellular and extracellular miRNA levels are affected by hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. We and other groups have reported that lipoproteins transport miRNAs in circulation and these lipoprotein signatures are significantly altered in hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease (CAD). Extracellular miRNAs are a new class of potential biomarkers for CVD; however, they may also be new drug targets as high-density lipoproteins (HDL) transfer functional miRNAs to recipient cells in an endocrine-like form of intercellular communication that likely suppresses vascular inflammation. Recently, RNA-based drugs have emerged as the next frontier in drug therapy, and there are many miRNA inhibitors and mimics in clinical development. Here, we discuss specific miRNA drug targets and how their manipulation may impact CVD. We also address the potential for manipulating HDL-miRNA levels to treat CVD and the use of HDL as a delivery vehicle for RNA and chemical drugs. Finally, we outline the current and future challenges for HDL and miRNA-based therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Michell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
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11
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Photophysical characterization of anticancer drug valrubicin in rHDL nanoparticles and its use as an imaging agent. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 155:60-5. [PMID: 26735001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are target-specific drug delivery agents that are increasingly used in cancer therapy to enhance bioavailability and to reduce off target toxicity of anti-cancer agents. Valrubicin is an anti-cancer drug, currently approved only for vesicular bladder cancer treatment because of its poor water solubility. On the other hand, valrubicin carrying reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL) nanoparticles appear ideally suited for extended applications, including systemic cancer chemotherapy. We determined selected fluorescence properties of the free (unencapsulated) drug vs. valrubicin incorporated into rHDL nanoparticles. We have found that upon encapsulation into rHDL nanoparticles the quantum yield of valrubicin fluorescence increased six fold while its fluorescence lifetime increased about 2 fold. Accordingly, these and potassium iodide (KI) quenching data suggest that upon incorporation, valrubicin is localized deep in the interior of the nanoparticle, inside the lipid matrix. Fluorescence anisotropy of the rHDL valrubicin nanoparticles was also found to be high along with extended rotational correlation time. The fluorescence of valrubicin could also be utilized to assess its distribution upon delivery to prostate cancer (PC3) cells. Overall the fluorescence properties of the rHDL: valrubicin complex reveal valuable novel characteristics of this drug delivery vehicle that may be particularly applicable when used in systemic (intravenous) therapy.
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12
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Angius F, Spolitu S, Uda S, Deligia S, Frau A, Banni S, Collu M, Accossu S, Madeddu C, Serpe R, Batetta B. High-density lipoprotein contribute to G0-G1/S transition in Swiss NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17812. [PMID: 26640042 PMCID: PMC4671069 DOI: 10.1038/srep17812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDLs) play a crucial role in removing excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues. Although their concentration is lower during conditions of high cell growth rate (cancer and infections), their involvement during cell proliferation is not known. To this aim, we investigated the replicative cycles in synchronised Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts in different experimental conditions: i) contact-inhibited fibroblasts re-entering cell cycle after dilution; ii) scratch-wound assay; iii) serum-deprived cells induced to re-enter G1 by FCS, HDL or PDGF. Analyses were performed during each cell cycle up to quiescence. Cholesterol synthesis increased remarkably during the replicative cycles, decreasing only after cells reached confluence. In contrast, cholesteryl ester (CE) synthesis and content were high at 24 h after dilution and then decreased steeply in the successive cycles. Flow cytometry analysis of DiO-HDL, as well as radiolabeled HDL pulse, demonstrated a significant uptake of CE-HDL in 24 h. DiI-HDL uptake, lipid droplets (LDs) and SR-BI immunostaining and expression followed the same trend. Addition of HDL or PDGF partially restore the proliferation rate and significantly increase SR-BI and pAKT expression in serum-deprived cells. In conclusion, cell transition from G0 to G1/S requires CE-HDL uptake, leading to CE-HDL/SR-BI pathway activation and CEs increase into LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Angius
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Spolitu
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Uda
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefania Deligia
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Frau
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Divisions of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Collu
- Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Simonetta Accossu
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Clelia Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences "Mario Aresu", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Serpe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences "Mario Aresu", University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Batetta
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Lacko AG, Sabnis NA, Nagarajan B, McConathy WJ. HDL as a drug and nucleic acid delivery vehicle. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:247. [PMID: 26578957 PMCID: PMC4620406 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is intended to evaluate the research findings and potential clinical applications of drug transport systems, developed based on the concepts of the structure/function and physiological role(s) of high density lipoprotein type nanoparticles. These macromolecules provide targeted transport of cholesteryl esters (a highly lipophilic payload) in their natural/physiological environment. The ability to accommodate highly water insoluble constituents in their core regions enables High density lipoproteins (HDL) type nanoparticles to effectively transport hydrophobic drugs subsequent to systemic administration. Even though the application of reconstituted HDL in the treatment of a number of diseases is reviewed, the primary focus is on the application of HDL type drug delivery agents in cancer chemotherapy. The use of both native and synthetic HDL as drug delivery agents is compared to evaluate their respective potentials for commercial and clinical development. The current status and future perspectives for HDL type nanoparticles are discussed, including current obstacles and future applications in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras G Lacko
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, TX, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nirupama A Sabnis
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, TX, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Bhavani Nagarajan
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center , Fort Worth, TX, USA
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McConathy WJ, Paranjape S, Mooberry L, Buttreddy S, Nair M, Lacko AG. Validation of the reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) drug delivery platform using dilauryl fluorescein (DLF). Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 1:113-20. [PMID: 25788110 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-010-0012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dilauryl fluorescein (DLF) is a lipid soluble molecule that becomes fluorescent when lauric acid is removed by hydrolysis The purpose of these studies was to evaluate DLF as a potential probe for the function of reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) as hydrophobic drug transport vehicles. The DLF containing rHDL nanoparticles were characterized regarding their physical/chemical properties, including molecular diameter, molecular weight, chemical composition, and buoyant density. We investigated the uptake of DLF from rHDL in cells that overexpress the scavenger receptor (SR-B1), known to facilitate the selective cellular uptake of cholesteryl esters from HDL. These studies show that DLF can be incorporated into rHDL and redistributed in the plasma compartment. In addition, these studies demonstrated an enhanced uptake and hydrolysis of DLF from rHDL by cells that overexpress the SR-B1 receptor, suggesting the involvement of a receptor mediated mechanism. The incorporation of DLF into the rHDL nanoparticles appear to protect against hydrolysis in the systemic circulation based on the lower rate of rHDL/DLF hydrolysis compared with the free DLF during incubation with human plasma. DLF may thus be used as a probe to track the movement and metabolism of HDL core constituents, including cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J McConathy
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center-Permian Basin, Odessa, TX, 79763, USA
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Medina-Echeverz J, Fioravanti J, Díaz-Valdés N, Frank K, Aranda F, Gomar C, Ardaiz N, Dotor J, Umansky V, Prieto J, Berraondo P. Harnessing high density lipoproteins to block transforming growth factor beta and to inhibit the growth of liver tumor metastases. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96799. [PMID: 24797128 PMCID: PMC4010484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a powerful promoter of cancer progression and a key target for antitumor therapy. As cancer cells exhibit active cholesterol metabolism, high density lipoproteins (HDLs) appear as an attractive delivery system for anticancer TGFβ-inhibitory molecules. We constructed a plasmid encoding a potent TGF-β-blocking peptide (P144) linked to apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) through a flexible linker (pApoLinkerP144). The ApoLinkerP144 sequence was then incorporated into a hepatotropic adeno-associated vector (AAVApoLinkerP144). The aim was to induce hepatocytes to produce HDLs containing a modified ApoA-I capable of blocking TGF-β. We observed that transduction of the murine liver with pApoLinkerP144 led to the appearance of a fraction of circulating HDL containing the fusion protein. These HDLs were able to attenuate TGF-β signaling in the liver and to enhance IL-12 -mediated IFN-γ production. Treatment of liver metastasis of MC38 colorectal cancer with AAVApoLinkerP144 resulted in a significant reduction of tumor growth and enhanced expression of IFN-γ and GM-CSF in cancerous tissue. ApoLinkerP144 also delayed MC38 liver metastasis in Rag2−/−IL2rγ−/− immunodeficient mice. This effect was associated with downregulation of TGF-β target genes essential for metastatic niche conditioning. Finally, in a subset of ret transgenic mice, a model of aggressive spontaneous metastatic melanoma, AAVApoLinkerP144 delayed tumor growth in association with increased CD8+ T cell numbers in regional lymph nodes. In conclusion, modification of HDLs to transport TGF-β-blocking molecules is a novel and promising approach to inhibit the growth of liver metastases by immunological and non-immunological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Medina-Echeverz
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jessica Fioravanti
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nancy Díaz-Valdés
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Frank
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Celia Gomar
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nuria Ardaiz
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jesús Prieto
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Liver Unit, University of Navarra Clinic, Networked Biomedical Research Center of Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail: (PB); (JP)
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail: (PB); (JP)
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Johnson R, Sabnis N, McConathy WJ, Lacko AG. The potential role of nanotechnology in therapeutic approaches for triple negative breast cancer. Pharmaceutics 2013; 5:353-70. [PMID: 24244833 PMCID: PMC3826456 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer, TNBC, a highly aggressive and metastatic type of breast cancer, is characterized by loss of expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and a lack of overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). It is a heterogeneous group of tumors with diverse histology, molecular uniqueness and response to treatment. Unfortunately, TNBC patients do not benefit from current anti-HER2 or hormone positive targeted breast cancer treatments; consequently, these patients rely primarily on chemotherapy. However, the 5-year survival rate for woman with metastatic TNBC is less than 30%. As a result of ineffective treatments, TNBC tumors often progress to metastatic lesions in the brain and lung. Brain metastases of invasive breast cancer are associated with 1 and 2 year survival rate of 20% and <2% respectively. Because the only current systemic treatment for TNBC is chemotherapy, alternative targeted therapies are urgently needed to improve the prognosis for TNBC patients. This review is focused on opportunities for developing new approaches for filling the current void in an effective treatment for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Johnson
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; E-Mails: (R.J.); (N.S.)
| | - Nirupama Sabnis
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; E-Mails: (R.J.); (N.S.)
- LipoMedics LLC., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; E-Mail: (W.J.M.)
| | | | - Andras G. Lacko
- Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; E-Mails: (R.J.); (N.S.)
- LipoMedics LLC., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; E-Mail: (W.J.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-817-735-2132
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Cruz PMR, Mo H, McConathy WJ, Sabnis N, Lacko AG. The role of cholesterol metabolism and cholesterol transport in carcinogenesis: a review of scientific findings, relevant to future cancer therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2013; 4:119. [PMID: 24093019 PMCID: PMC3782849 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While the unique metabolic activities of malignant tissues as potential targets for cancer therapeutics has been the subject of several recent reviews, the role of cholesterol metabolism in this context is yet to be fully explored. Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian cell membranes as well as a precursor of bile acids and steroid hormones. The hypothesis that cancer cells need excess cholesterol and intermediates of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway to maintain a high level of proliferation is well accepted, however the mechanisms by which malignant cells and tissues reprogram cholesterol synthesis, uptake and efflux are yet to be fully elucidated as potential therapeutic targets. High and low density plasma lipoproteins are the likely major suppliers of cholesterol to cancer cells and tumors, potentially via receptor mediated mechanisms. This review is primarily focused on the role(s) of lipoproteins in carcinogenesis, and their future roles as drug delivery vehicles for targeted cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M R Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, TX, USA
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18
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Sabnis N, Nair M, Israel M, McConathy WJ, Lacko AG. Enhanced solubility and functionality of valrubicin (AD-32) against cancer cells upon encapsulation into biocompatible nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:975-83. [PMID: 22393294 PMCID: PMC3289451 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Among numerous drug-delivery approaches, reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) nanocarriers have proven particularly applicable for delivering highly hydrophobic drugs. In this study, we have investigated the enhancement of the therapeutic impact of valrubicin (AD-32), an antineoplastic agent that has been limited to intravesicular application against bladder cancer, despite the encouraging original preclinical data. Earlier studies validated the superior therapeutic efficacy of AD-32 over doxorubicin. In the present study, rHDL/AD-32 nanoparticles were formulated and characterized with regard to encapsulation efficiency, physicochemical properties, selective toxicity, and receptor-mediated uptake. The half maximal inhibitory concentration values (IC50) for rHDL/AD-32 nanoparticles were 1.8 and 2.6 times lower than the free AD-32 for prostate (PC-3) and ovarian (SKOV-3) cancer cell lines, respectively, whereas nonmalignant cell lines demonstrated 5 and 1.48 times higher IC50 doses with rHDL/AD-32 formulations. The data obtained demonstrated effective receptor- mediated uptake of AD-32 from the rHDL nanocarriers by PC-3 and SKOV-3 cancer cells via a targeted drug-delivery process. The rHDL/AD-32 formulation was stable for 6 months when stored at 4°C or at −20°C, as 92% of the AD-32 was retained in the nanoparticles. The findings from this study show that the rHDL/AD-32 formulation can overcome the solubility barriers of AD-32 and thus serve as an effective systemically administered chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Sabnis
- Department of Molecular Biology/Immunology, University of North TexasHealth Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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19
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Yang M, Chen J, Cao W, Ding L, Ng KK, Jin H, Zhang Z, Zheng G. Attenuation of nontargeted cell-kill using a high-density lipoprotein-mimicking peptide--phospholipid nanoscaffold. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:631-41. [PMID: 21718175 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Research in the development of nanoscale drug carriers primarily focuses on maximizing drug delivery efficiency to tumor tissues. However, less attention has been given to minimizing drug toxicity to non-targeted cells to enhance therapeutic selectivity. AIM Herein, we report on the use of a newly developed high-density lipoprotein-mimicking peptide-phospholipid nanoscaffold (HPPS) to deliver a lipophilic drug, paclitaxel oleate (PTXOL). METHOD & RESULTS The formulated PTXOL HPPS (120:1) drastically increased therapeutic selectivity by reducing cytotoxicity of PTXOL to nontargeted cells. Using mice bearing targeted (KB) and nontargeted (HT1080) tumors as models, we demonstrated that tumor volume of nontargeted cells was decreased to 57% by PTXOL treatment but increased to 1220% by PTXOL HPPS treatment. However, upon treatment of paclitaxel, PTXOL and PTXOL HPPS, tumor volumes of targeted groups were reduced to 85, 50 and 63%, respectively. CONCLUSION These data strongly suggest that HPPS can attenuate toxicity of anticancer drugs to nontargeted cells, resulting in cell-killing efficacy only on targeted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yang
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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20
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Fioravanti J, Gomar C, Medina-Echeverz J, Otano I, Benito A, Prieto J, González-Aseguinolaza G, Berraondo P. Characterization of woodchuck apolipoprotein A-I: a new tool for drug delivery and identification of altered isoforms in the woodchuck chronic hepatitis model. J Med Virol 2011; 83:1221-9. [PMID: 21520143 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in serum, and participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion. The natural HDL tropism to the liver and cancer cells has been used extensively to target encapsulated drugs. The alteration of the plasmatic isoforms of ApoA-I is a hallmark of chronic hepatitis and hepatocarcinoma in mice and humans. Woodchucks infected with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) represent the best animal model for the study of chronic viral hepatitis B and viral induced hepatocarcinoma (HCC). WHV-infected woodchuck represents a clinically relevant animal model under which new treatment strategies can be evaluated and optimized. Therapeutic efficacy in this model is likely to be translated into a successful therapy for patients infected with HBV. The present study describes, for the first time, the cloning and characterization of woodchuck ApoA-I. The open reading frame (ORF) of the woodchuck ApoA-I is 795 bp long, coding for 264 amino acids. Unexpectedly, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the closest sequences are those of human and macaque. Woodchuck HDLs were isolated successfully from sera by density gradient ultracentrifugation. A commercial antibody that recognized the woodchuck ApoA-I was also identified. Finally, taking advantage of the techniques and tools developed in this study, two potential applications of woodchuck HDLs are illustrated: drug delivery to a woodchuck hepatocarcinoma cell line and the use of isoelectrofocusing to identify ApoA-I isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fioravanti
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Mooberry LK, Nair M, Paranjape S, McConathy WJ, Lacko AG. Receptor mediated uptake of paclitaxel from a synthetic high density lipoprotein nanocarrier. J Drug Target 2010; 18:53-8. [PMID: 19637935 DOI: 10.3109/10611860903156419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of these studies was to determine the mechanism(s) whereby paclitaxel (PTX), is taken up by cancer cells, once encapsulated into synthetic/reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL). The uptake of PTX was found to be facilitated by the scavenger receptor type B-1 (SR-B1) when drug-loaded rHDL particles were incubated with cells that express the SRB1 receptor. Studies with double-labeled, PTX containing rHDL nanoparticles showed that prostate cancer (PC-3) cells incorporated PTX primarily via a selective (SR-B1 type) uptake mechanism. In the presence of a 10-fold excess of plasma HDL, PTX uptake decreased to 30% of the control. These findings suggest that the incorporation of lipophilic drugs by cancer cells from rHDL nanoparticles is facilitated by a receptor mediated (SR-B1) mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K Mooberry
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth TX, USA
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22
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Zhang X, Chen B. Recombinant high density lipoprotein reconstituted with apolipoprotein AI cysteine mutants as delivery vehicles for 10-hydroxycamptothecin. Cancer Lett 2010; 298:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Sarkar P, Luchowski R, Raut S, Sabnis N, Remaley A, Lacko AG, Thamake S, Gryczynski Z, Gryczynski I. Studies on solvatochromic properties of aminophenylstyryl-quinolinum dye, LDS 798, and its application in studying submicron lipid based structure. Biophys Chem 2010; 153:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Suriano R, Chaudhuri D, Johnson RS, Lambers E, Ashok BT, Kishore R, Tiwari RK. 17Beta-estradiol mobilizes bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells to tumors. Cancer Res 2008; 68:6038-42. [PMID: 18676823 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neovascularization is critical for tumor growth and development. The cellular mediators for this process are yet to be defined. We discovered that bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPC), having the phenotype (CD133+, CD34+, VEGFR-2+), initiate neovascularization in response to TG1-1 mammary cells implanted in the inguinal mammary gland of Tie-2 GFP transgenic mice. The fluorescence tag allowed for tracing the migration of green fluorescent protein-tagged endothelial progenitor cells to tumor tissues. We discovered that 17-beta estradiol supplementation of ovariectomized mice significantly enhanced BM-EPC-induced neovascularization and secretion of angiogenic factors within the tumor microenvironment. Cell-based system analyses showed that estrogen-stimulated BM-EPCs secreted paracrine factors which enhanced TG1-1 cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, TG1-1 cell medium supplemented with estrogen-induced BM-EPC mediated tubulogenesis, which was an experimental in vivo representation of the neovasculature. Our data provide evidence of BM-EPC mammary tumor cell interactions and identify a novel cellular mediator of tumor progression that can be exploited clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Suriano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
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Lacko AG, Nair M, Prokai L, McConathy WJ. Prospects and challenges of the development of lipoprotein-based formulations for anti-cancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 4:665-75. [PMID: 17970668 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.4.6.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review evaluates drug delivery systems that involve intact plasma lipoproteins or some of their components. These complex macromolecules transport highly water-insoluble compounds (cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols) in their natural environment - a property that renders them ideal carriers of hydrophobic drugs. Particular emphasis is placed on the application of lipoproteins as drug delivery agents in cancer chemotherapy. The history and present activity regarding lipoprotein-based formulations are reviewed, with the primary focus on the smaller sized (low and high density) lipoprotein-based formulations and their potential clinical and commercial value. The use of both native and synthetic lipoproteins as drug delivery agents are discussed from the standpoint of therapeutic efficacy, as well as commercial feasibility. The advantages of lipoprotein-based drug delivery formulations are compared with other drug delivery models, with the primary focus on liposomal preparations. Finally, an expert opinion is provided, regarding the potential use of lipoprotein-based formulations in cancer treatment, taking into consideration the major advantages (biocompatibility, safety, drug solubility) and the barriers (manufacturing protein components, financial interest, investments) to their commercial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras G Lacko
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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Evaluation of synthetic/reconstituted high-density lipoproteins as delivery vehicles for paclitaxel. Anticancer Drugs 2008; 19:183-8. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3282f1da86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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