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ZHANG M, XING L, WANG Y, LUO R, LI X, DONG J. Anti-fatigue activities of anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum Murry. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.242703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijie XING
- Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, China; Xinjiang production and construction corps institute for food inspection, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shihezi), China
| | - Yuan WANG
- Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, China; Xinjiang production and construction corps institute for food inspection, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shihezi), China
| | - Ruifeng LUO
- Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, China; Xinjiang production and construction corps institute for food inspection, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shihezi), China
| | - Xianyi LI
- Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, China; Xinjiang production and construction corps institute for food inspection, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shihezi), China
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Chen LJ, Hsu TC, Yeh PJ, Yow JL, Chang CL, Lin CH, Tzang BS. Differential Effects of Wedelia chinensis on Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211000119. [PMID: 33729002 PMCID: PMC7983241 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive glioma, and its diffuse
nature makes resection of it difficult. Moreover, even with the
administration of postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, prolonged
remission is often not achieved. Hence, innovative or alternative treatments
for GBM are urgently required. Traditional Chinese herbs and their
functional components have long been used in the treatment of various
cancers, including GBM. The current study investigated the antitumor
activity of Wedelia chinensis and its major functional
components, luteolin and apigenin, on GBM. Materials and Methods: MTT assay, Transwell migration assay, and flow cytometry analysis were
adopted to assess the cell viability, invasive capability, and cell cycle.
Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were used to detect the
expressions of apoptotic and autophagy-related signaling molecules. Results: The W. chinensis extract (WCE) significantly inhibited the
proliferation and invasive ability of both GBM8401 and U-87MG cells in a
dose-dependent manner. Moreover, differential effects of WCE on GBM8401 and
U-87MG cells were observed: WCE induced apoptosis in GBM8401 cells and
autophagy in U-87MG cells. Notably, WCE had significant effects in reducing
the cell survival and invasive capability of both GBM8401 and U-87MG cells
than the combination of luteolin and apigenin. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings indicate the potential of using WCE and the
combination of luteolin and apigenin for GBM treatment. However, further
investigations are warranted before considering recommending the clinical
use of WCE or the combination of luteolin and apigenin as the standard for
GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jeng Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung city, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Jung Yeh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jia Le Yow
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Ling Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Hui Lin
- Division of Rheumatology Immunology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung city, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Hsu FT, Chiang IT, Kuo YC, Hsia TC, Lin CC, Liu YC, Chung JG. Amentoflavone Effectively Blocked the Tumor Progression of Glioblastoma via Suppression of ERK/NF- κ B Signaling Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:913-931. [PMID: 31096773 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, with an annual incidence of 5.26 per 100000 people. The clinical outcome of standard therapy and the survival rate remain poor; therefore, there is an unmet need for a new strategy to treat this lethal disease. Although amentoflavone was known to have anticancer potential in various types of cancers, its antiglioblastoma ability and mechanism remain unrecognized. We demonstrated that amentoflavone may suppress glioblastoma invasion and migration by transwell assay. Moreover, we established NF- κ B reporter gene system and used that for verifying NF- κ B inhibition efficacy of amentoflavone on in vitro and in vivo studies. Here, we indicated that amentoflavone not only diminished NF- κ B activation, but also reduced NF- κ B-mediated downstream oncogenes expression, such as MMP-2, MMP-9, XIAP, cyclinD1 and VEGF, which was elucidated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Tumor growth inhibition and NF- κ B reduction was found in the amentoflavone treatment group, which was revealed by the glioblastoma-bearing animal model. In this study, we also used ERK inhibitor and NF- κ B inhibitor (QNZ) to confirm whether the beneficial result of amentoflavone on glioblastoma was mainly regulated by blockage of ERK/NF- κ B signaling. In summary, ERK/NF- κ B signaling pathway has a role in the inhibition of tumor growth by amentoflavone in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Ting Hsu
- * Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - I-Tsang Chiang
- § Department of Radiation Oncology, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,¶ Department of Radiological Technology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,∥ Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,*** Department of Radiation Oncology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Cheng Kuo
- ‡ School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.,‡‡ Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Te-Chun Hsia
- † Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.,§§ Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Chung Lin
- ** General Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,¶¶ Department of Chinese Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Executive Yuan, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Chang Liu
- § Department of Radiation Oncology, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,¶ Department of Radiological Technology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,∥ Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,†† Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.,*** Department of Radiation Oncology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- * Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C.,∥∥ Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Review of Natural Product-Derived Compounds as Potent Antiglioblastoma Drugs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8139848. [PMID: 29181405 PMCID: PMC5664208 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8139848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Common care for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide- (TMZ-) based chemotherapy. Unfortunately, these therapies remain inadequate involving severe mortality and recurrence. Recently, new approaches discovering combinations of multiple inhibitors have been proposed along with the identification of key driver mutations that are specific to each patient. To date, this approach is still limited by the lack of effective therapy. Hopefully, novel compounds derived from natural products are suggested as potential solutions. Inhibitory effects of natural products on angiogenesis and metastasis and cancer suppressive effect of altering miRNA expression are provident discoveries. Angelica sinensis accelerates apoptosis by their key substances influencing factors of apoptosis pathways. Brazilin displays antitumor features by making influence on reactive oxygen species (ROS) intensity. Sargassum serratifolium, flavonoids, and so on have antimetastasis effect. Ficus carica controls miRNA that inhibits translation of certain secretory pathway proteins during the UPR. Serratia marcescens and patupilone (EPO 906) are physically assessed materials through clinical trials related to GBM progression. Consequently, our review puts emphasis on the potential of natural products in GBM treatment by regulating multiple malignant cancer-related pathway solving pending problem such as reducing toxicity and side effect.
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Chen WR, Yu Y, Zulfajri M, Lin PC, Wang CC. Phthalide Derivatives from Angelica Sinensis Decrease Hemoglobin Oxygen Affinity: A New Allosteric-Modulating Mechanism and Potential Use as 2,3-BPG Functional Substitutes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5504. [PMID: 28710372 PMCID: PMC5511246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelica sinensis (AS), one of the most versatile herbal medicines remains widely used due to its multi-faceted pharmacologic activities. Besides its traditional use as the blood-nourishing tonic, its anti-hypertensive, anti-cardiovascular, neuroprotective and anti-cancer effects have been reported. Albeit the significant therapeutic effects, how AS exerts such diverse efficacies from the molecular level remains elusive. Here we investigate the influences of AS and four representative phthalide derivatives from AS on the structure and function of hemoglobin (Hb). From the spectroscopy and oxygen equilibrium experiments, we show that AS and the chosen phthalides inhibited the oxygenated Hb from transforming into the high-affinity “relaxed” (R) state, decreasing Hb’s oxygen affinity. It reveals that phthalides cooperate with the endogenous Hb modulator, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) to synergetically regulate Hb allostery. From the docking modeling, phthalides appear to interact with Hb mainly through its α1/α2 interface, likely strengthening four (out of six) Hb “tense” (T) state stabilizing salt-bridges. A new allosteric-modulating mechanism is proposed to rationalize the capacity of phthalides to facilitate Hb oxygen transport, which may be inherently correlated with the therapeutic activities of AS. The potential of phthalides to serve as 2,3-BPG substitutes/supplements and their implications in the systemic biology and preventive medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ren Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80424, Republic of China
| | - Youqing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80424, Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Zulfajri
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80424, Republic of China
| | - Ping-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80424, Republic of China
| | - Chia C Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80424, Republic of China. .,Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80424, Republic of China.
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6
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Wang L, Jiang R, Song SD, Hua ZS, Wang JW, Wang YP. Angelica Sinensis Polysaccharide Induces Erythroid Differentiation of Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia K562 Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:3715-21. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.9.3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Su ZY, Khor TO, Shu L, Lee JH, Saw CLL, Wu TY, Huang Y, Suh N, Yang CS, Conney AH, Wu Q, Kong ANT. Epigenetic reactivation of Nrf2 in murine prostate cancer TRAMP C1 cells by natural phytochemicals Z-ligustilide and Radix angelica sinensis via promoter CpG demethylation. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:477-85. [PMID: 23441843 DOI: 10.1021/tx300524p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer development has been linked to epigenetic modifications of cancer oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes; in advanced metastatic cancers, severe epigenetic modifications are present. We previously demonstrated that the progression of prostate tumors in TRAMP mice is associated with methylation silencing of the Nrf2 promoter and a reduced level of transcription of Nrf2 and Nrf2 target genes. Radix Angelicae Sinensis (RAS; Danggui) is a medicinal herb and health food supplement that has been widely used in Asia for centuries. Z-Ligustilide (Lig) is one of the bioactive components of RAS. We investigated the potential of Lig and RAS to restore Nrf2 gene expression through epigenetic modification in TRAMP C1 cells. Lig and RAS induced the mRNA and protein expression of endogenous Nrf2 and Nrf2 downstream target genes, such as HO-1, NQO1, and UGT1A1. Bisulfite genomic sequencing revealed that Lig and RAS treatment decreased the level of methylation of the first five CpGs of the Nrf2 promoter. A methylation DNA immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that Lig and RAS significantly decreased the relative amount of methylated DNA in the Nrf2 gene promoter region. Lig and RAS also inhibited DNA methyltransferase activity in vitro. Collectively, these results suggest that Lig and RAS are able to demethylate the Nrf2 promoter CpGs, resulting in the re-expression of Nrf2 and Nrf2 target genes. Epigenetic modifications of genes, including Nrf2, may therefore contribute to the overall health benefits of RAS, including the anticancer effect of RAS and its bioactive component, Lig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yuan Su
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
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Chao WW, Lin BF. Bioactivities of major constituents isolated from Angelica sinensis (Danggui). Chin Med 2011; 6:29. [PMID: 21851645 PMCID: PMC3170324 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-6-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Danggui, also known as Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Apiaceae), has been used in Chinese medicine to treat menstrual disorders. Over 70 compounds have been isolated and identified from Danggui. The main chemical constituents of Angelica roots include ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, butylidenephthalide and various polysaccharides. Among these compounds, ferulic acid exhibits many bioactivities especially anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory effects; Z-ligustilide exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective and anti-hepatotoxic effects; n-butylidenephthalide exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-cardiovascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wan Chao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Kannappan R, Gupta SC, Kim JH, Reuter S, Aggarwal BB. Neuroprotection by spice-derived nutraceuticals: you are what you eat! Mol Neurobiol 2011; 44:142-59. [PMID: 21360003 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous lines of evidence indicate that chronic inflammation plays a major role in the development of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumor, and meningitis. Why these diseases are more common among people from some countries than others is not fully understood, but lifestyle factors have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. For example, the incidence of certain neurodegenerative diseases among people living in the Asian subcontinent, where people regularly consume spices, is much lower than in countries of the western world. Extensive research over the last 10 years has indicated that nutraceuticals derived from such spices as turmeric, red pepper, black pepper, licorice, clove, ginger, garlic, coriander, and cinnamon target inflammatory pathways, thereby may prevent neurodegenerative diseases. How these nutraceuticals modulate various pathways and how they exert neuroprotection are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Chang HF, Huang WT, Chen HJ, Yang LL. Apoptotic effects of γ-mangostin from the fruit hull of Garcinia mangostana on human malignant glioma cells. Molecules 2010; 15:8953-66. [PMID: 21139533 PMCID: PMC6259202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15128953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a common type of primary brain tumor with glioblastoma multiforme accounting for the majority of human brain tumors. In this paper, high grade human malignant glioblastomas (MGs) including U87 MG and GBM 8401 were used to evaluate the antitumor effects of γ-mangostin, a xanthone derivative isolated and purified from the hull of the tropical fruit Garcinia mangostana. The γ-mangostin showed potent antiproliferative activity toward MGs in dose- and time-dependent manners. In addition, flow cytometric analysis of cell morphology in the apoptotic cells revealed an increase in hypodiploid cells in γ-mangostin treated U87 MG and GBM 8401 cells, while significant enhancement of intracellular peroxide production was detected in the same γ-mangostin treated cells by DCHDA assay and DiOC(6)(3) stain. g-Mangostin induced apoptosis, which in turn mediates cytotoxicity in human MG cells was prevented by the addition of catalase. Naturally derived medicines and herbal therapies are drawing increasing attention in regard to the treatment of many health issues, and this includes the testing of new phytochemicals or nutrients for brain tumor patients. This has led to γ-mangostin being identified as a potential leading compound for the development of an anti-brain tumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Center of e-CAM, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wusing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; E-Mail: (H-F.C.)
| | - Wen-Tsung Huang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, 201 Taikang Village, Liouying Township, Tainan County 736, Taiwan; E-Mail: (W-T.H.)
| | - Hui-Ju Chen
- Center of Translational Research on Traditional Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University and Hospital, 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; E-Mail: (H-J.C.)
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Center of e-CAM, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wusing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; E-Mail: (H-F.C.)
- Center of Translational Research on Traditional Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University and Hospital, 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; E-Mail: (H-J.C.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-4-22337440; Fax: +886-4-22333710
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Dietz BM, Bolton JL. Biological reactive intermediates (BRIs) formed from botanical dietary supplements. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 192:72-80. [PMID: 20970412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of botanical dietary supplements is increasingly popular, due to their natural origin and the perceived assumption that they are safer than prescription drugs. While most botanical dietary supplements can be considered safe, a few contain compounds, which can be converted to biological reactive intermediates (BRIs) causing toxicity. For example, sassafras oil contains safrole, which can be converted to a reactive carbocation forming genotoxic DNA adducts. Alternatively, some botanical dietary supplements contain stable BRIs such as simple Michael acceptors that react with chemosensor proteins such as Keap1 resulting in induction of protective detoxification enzymes. Examples include curcumin from turmeric, xanthohumol from hops, and Z-ligustilide from dang gui. Quinones (sassafras, kava, black cohosh), quinone methides (sassafras), and epoxides (pennyroyal oil) represent BRIs of intermediate reactivity, which could generate both genotoxic and/or chemopreventive effects. The biological targets of BRIs formed from botanical dietary supplements and their resulting toxic and/or chemopreventive effects are closely linked to the reactivity of BRIs as well as dose and time of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit M Dietz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and UIC/NIH Center for Botanical and Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, M/C 781, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
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Kan WLT, Cho CH, Rudd JA, Lin G. Study of the anti-proliferative effects and synergy of phthalides from Angelica sinensis on colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 120:36-43. [PMID: 18718517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Angelica sinensis is a Chinese medicinal herb for treating gynecological and gastrointestinal disorders, and also in conjunction with cancer chemotherapy. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of three main Angelica sinensis phthalides, namely n-butylidenephthalide (BLP), senkyunolide A (SKA) and z-ligustilide (LGT), and their synergy on colon cancer HT-29 cells were investigated. Moreover, the results obtained in both human colon cancer HT-29 and normal colon CCD-18Co cells were compared for the investigation of selectivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT and [3H] thymidine incorporation assays were used for the evaluation of cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects, respectively. Interactions among phthalides were determined by median-effect analysis. RESULTS All three phthalides dose-dependently decreased cell viability more potently in HT-29 than in CCD-18Co cells. The IC50 values for inhibition of cell proliferation for SKA, LGT and BLP were 54.17+/-5.10, 60.63+/-6.79 and 236.90+/-18.22microM, respectively, in HT-29 cells. Angelica sinensis extract demonstrated significant synergy in inhibiting cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The three phthalides might have anti-cancer potential, yet the phthalides, in combination with other ingredients in Angelica sinensis extract, display significant synergy leading to a stronger anti-tumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Lai Ting Kan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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Dietz BM, Liu D, Hagos GK, Yao P, Schinkovitz A, Pro SM, Deng S, Farnsworth NR, Pauli GF, van Breemen RB, Bolton JL. Angelica sinensis and its alkylphthalides induce the detoxification enzyme NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 by alkylating Keap1. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:1939-48. [PMID: 18808158 DOI: 10.1021/tx8001274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The roots of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Dang Gui; Apiaceae) have a long history in traditional Chinese medicine as a remedy for women's disorders and are often called "lady's ginseng". Currently, extracts of A. sinensis are commonly included in numerous dietary supplements used for women's health and as antiaging products. In the present study, we examined the potential chemopreventive activity of A. sinensis extracts by measuring the relative ability to induce the detoxification enzyme, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). The lipophilic partitions showed strong NQO1 induction with concentrations to double the enzyme activity (CD) of 5.5 +/- 0.7 (petroleum ether) and 3.9 +/- 0.5 microg/mL (chloroform). Fractionation led to the isolation of phenolic esters and alkylphthalides, especially Z-ligustilide, the main lipophilic compound, which showed strong NQO1 inducing properties (CD = 6.9 +/- 1.9 microM). Transcription of many detoxifying enzymes is regulated through the antioxidant response element (ARE) and its transcription factor Nrf2, which is repressed under basal conditions by Keap1. However, exposure to electrophilic inducers that alkylate Keap1 results in higher concentrations of free Nrf2 and ARE activation. The ARE reporter activity was therefore analyzed in HepG2-ARE-C8 cells after incubation with lipophilic extracts of A. sinensis or ligustilide for 24 h. Under these conditions, both the extract and the ligustilide increased ARE-luciferase reporter activity in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation of ligustilide with GSH and subsequent LC-MS-MS analysis revealed that ligustilide as well as oxidized ligustilide species covalently modified GSH. In addition, using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and LC-MS-MS, it was demonstrated that the lipophilic extracts, ligustilide, and monooxygenated ligustilide alkylated important cysteine residues in human Keap1 protein, thus activating Nrf2 and transcription of ARE regulated genes. These observations suggest that A. sinensis dietary supplements standardized to ligustilide have potential as chemopreventive agents through induction of detoxification enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit M Dietz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, USA.
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