Fluoride Intake from Food and Liquid in Japanese Children Living in Two Areas with Different Fluoride Concentrations in the Water Supply

A simple and effective 1,2,3-triazole based “turn-on” fluorescence sensor for the detection of anions

1,2,3-Triazole based chemosensor is synthesized using “Click chemistry” approach. Addition of fluoride ion “turn-on” the fluorescence response of probe.

Fluoride content of commercially-available bottled water in Bangkok, Thailand

AIM

To determine the fluoride content of commercially-available bottled water in Bangkok.

METHODS

 Thirty brands of bottled water (17 bottled plain water and 13 bottled mineral water) were obtained from supermarkets in Bangkok. Two randomly-selected samples of each brand were purchased 6 months apart. A 5-mL sample was mixed with 5 mL of total ionic-strength adjusting buffer III. The fluoride content of each sample was determined in triplicate by a fluoride ion-selective electrode. Fluoride standards ranging in concentration from 0.01 to 1.00 ppm were used to calibrate the measurements. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 13.0.

RESULTS

The fluoride content of bottled water in Bangkok ranged from 0.03 to 0.72 ppm, with a mean ± standard deviation of 0.17 ± 0.16 ppm. The mean fluoride content of bottled mineral water was slightly higher than that of bottled plain water, but the difference was not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Most commercially-available bottled water in Bangkok contains negligible amounts of fluoride. This serves as baseline data for dentists prescribing a fluoride supplement to make the utmost use of the fluoride caries preventive effect, while avoiding adverse effects, such as dental fluorosis.

Comparison of a dietary survey and the duplicate plate method for determining dietary fluoride ingested by young children: a pilot study

BACKGROUND

Investigators have attempted to establish the diet's contribution to the total body burden of fluoride in response to a reported trend towards an increase in fluoride intake.

AIM

The aim of this study was to compare the suitability of two methods to collect dietary data for fluoride intake assessment.

DESIGN

Assessments were made in 12 children using the duplicate plate and dietary diary methods following a randomized cross-over design. Foods and beverages were analysed for fluoride, and total fluoride intake per day was calculated. Results from each method were compared.

RESULTS

Mean beverage fluoride intake was estimated at 316 +/- 120 and 422 +/- 195 microg/day utilizing the diary and duplicate plate methods, respectively. Mean food fluoride intake was estimated at 188 +/- 48 microg/day using the diary, whereas it was 130 +/- 41 microg using the duplicate plate method. Total fluoride intake was 504 +/- 138 and 552 +/- 192 microg/day utilizing the diary and duplicate methods. Large variations in daily fluoride intake from both beverages and food were observed between and within children.

CONCLUSIONS

Both methods had inherent shortcomings and sources of error. The duplicate method was more labour intensive and costly; however, the diary method required a large number of assumptions. A combination of both methods seems to be most suitable to obtain reliable data.