2
|
Zhang Y, Yang Y, Li P, Guo S. Origin of the X-chromosome influences the development and treatment outcomes of Turner syndrome. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12354. [PMID: 34966569 PMCID: PMC8667718 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) affects 1/2,500 live-born female infants. In the present study, we attempted to clarify the relationship between genetic factors (especially the X-chromosome origin), clinical features, body/sexual development, and treatment outcomes. We enrolled 39 female infants aged between 3 and 14 years. General demographic and clinical features were documented, and laboratory analysis of blood samples was performed. Subject karyotype was determined by G-banding of 50 peripheral white blood cells, and the parenteral origin of the retained X-chromosome was determined. Next, growth hormone (GH) treatment was prescribed for 12 months, with follow-ups performed as determined. For patient groups separated according to X-chromosome origin, the basal height, bone age, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels were comparable; however, after the 12-month treatment, significant differences in the height increase and IGF-1 levels were observed. If the X-chromosome (or chromosomes) originated from both parents, the increase in height was less substantial, with lower serum IGF-1 levels. The uterine size, prolactin level, increased weight after treatment, and bone age difference after treatment negatively correlated with the mother's age at the time of birth. The mother's height at the time of birth demonstrated a negative correlation with the basal bone age difference and a positive correlation with the IGF-1 level. In summary, the retained X-chromosome derived from both parents is associated with poorer response to GH therapy. The mother's age and height at the time of birth can strongly impact the patient's body/sexual development and the response to GH treatment. Thus, the mother's age and height at the time of birth and the parental origin of the X-chromosome should be carefully considered before developing a treatment plan for TS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongchen Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Błaszczyk E, Gawlik J, Gieburowska J, Tokarska A, Kimsa-Furdzik M, Hibner G, Francuz T, Gawlik AM. Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinases as Markers of Metabolic Status in Non-Growth Hormone-Treated Girls With Turner Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:722199. [PMID: 34512552 PMCID: PMC8429805 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.722199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Turner syndrome (TS) presents a high risk of congenital heart defects and may predispose to both obesity and related metabolic complications. Hence the search for new markers as potential early predictors of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases appears warranted. OBJECTIVE To assess MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1), MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2), MMP-9 (matrix metallopeptidase-9), BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor), and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) in non-MetS TS girls not treated with growth hormone (GH) vs. healthy short stature girls, and to assess the connection with basic metabolic parameters. METHOD The concentrations of circulating MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, BDNF, GDNF and VEGF were measured in 12 patients with TS not treated with growth hormone. The control group was composed of 17 girls with non-pathologic short stature. The patients' clinical and biochemical phenotypes were determined by weight, height, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, aminotransferases, IGF1, TSH and fT4. RESULTS There were no differences in mean age, weight, BMI Z-Score, or hSDS between the studied group and the controls; however, they differed in baseline values of ALT (18.2 ± 4.2 vs. 14.2 ± 4.1, p= 0.02), BDNF [29951.5 (26176.9 - 41271.9) vs. 23131.7 (18392.4 - 28313.3), p=0.01] and MMP-2 [91.8 (71.7 - 111.0) vs. 143.6 (123.7 - 244.5), p< 0.001]. BDNF correlated with ALT activity (r = 0.56 p = 0.002) and BMI Z-score (r = 0.38 p = 0.042), while MMP-2 correlated with HDL concentration (r = 0.48 p = 0.029) in all the patients. The analysis of the study group alone revealed significant positive correlations between MMP-9 and TSH (r = 0.74 p = 0.036), BDNF and both ALT (r = 0.73 p = 0.038) and TSH (r = 0.85 p = 0.008), and a negative correlation between MMP-1 and fT4 (r = -0.75 p = 0.032). The control group did not present any significant correlations. CONCLUSION The higher concentrations of BDNF and lower of MMP-2 found in girls with TS without MetS compared to healthy girls with short stature, could have a major impact on the future "natural" development of the metabolic status. Our findings need further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Błaszczyk
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jakub Gawlik
- Student Scientific Society, Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Gieburowska
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tokarska
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kimsa-Furdzik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Hibner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aneta Monika Gawlik
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- *Correspondence: Aneta Monika Gawlik,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Darendeliler F, Yeşilkaya E, Bereket A, Baş F, Bundak R, Sarı E, Küçükemre Aydın B, Darcan Ş, Dündar B, Büyükinan M, Kara C, Mazıcıoğlu MM, Adal E, Akıncı A, Atabek ME, Demirel F, Çelik N, Özkan B, Özhan B, Orbak Z, Ersoy B, Doğan M, Ataş A, Turan S, Gökşen D, Tarım Ö, Yüksel B, Ercan O, Hatun Ş, Şimşek E, Ökten A, Abacı A, Döneray H, Özbek MN, Keskin M, Önal H, Akyürek N, Bulan K, Tepe D, Emeksiz HC, Demir K, Kızılay D, Topaloğlu AK, Eren E, Özen S, Demirbilek H, Abalı S, Akın L, Eklioğlu BS, Kaba S, Anık A, Baş S, Ünüvar T, Sağlam H, Bolu S, Özgen T, Doğan D, Çakır ED, Şen Y, Andıran N, Çizmecioğlu F, Evliyaoğlu O, Karagüzel G, Pirgon Ö, Çatlı G, Can HD, Gürbüz F, Binay Ç, Baş VN, Sağlam C, Gül D, Polat A, Açıkel C, Cinaz P. Growth curves for Turkish Girls with Turner Syndrome: Results of the Turkish Turner Syndrome Study Group. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2015; 7:183-91. [PMID: 26831551 PMCID: PMC4677552 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with Turner syndrome (TS) have a specific growth pattern that is quite different from that of healthy children. Many countries have population-specific growth charts for TS. Considering national and ethnic differences, we undertook this multicenter collaborative study to construct growth charts and reference values for height, weight and body mass index (BMI) from 3 years of age to adulthood for spontaneous growth of Turkish girls with TS. METHODS Cross-sectional height and weight data of 842 patients with TS, younger than 18 years of age and before starting any therapy, were evaluated. RESULTS The data were processed to calculate the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 97th percentile values for defined ages and to construct growth curves for height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age of girls with TS. The growth pattern of TS girls in this series resembled the growth pattern of TS girls in other reports, but there were differences in height between our series and the others. CONCLUSION This study provides disease-specific growth charts for Turkish girls with TS. These disease-specific national growth charts will serve to improve the evaluation of growth and its management with growth-promoting therapeutic agents in TS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Darendeliler
- İstanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ediz Yeşilkaya
- Gülhane Military Medicine Academy, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 312 304 18 98 E-mail:
| | - Abdullah Bereket
- Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Firdevs Baş
- İstanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Rüveyde Bundak
- İstanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Sarı
- Gülhane Military Medicine Academy, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Küçükemre Aydın
- İstanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Şükran Darcan
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bumin Dündar
- Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Muammer Büyükinan
- Konya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Kara
- On Dokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mümtaz M. Mazıcıoğlu
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Erdal Adal
- Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşehan Akıncı
- Inönü University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emre Atabek
- Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Demirel
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurullah Çelik
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Behzat Özkan
- Dr. Behçet Uz Children Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bayram Özhan
- Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Orbak
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Betül Ersoy
- Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Murat Doğan
- Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Van, Turkey
| | - Ali Ataş
- Harran University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Serap Turan
- Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Damla Gökşen
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ömer Tarım
- Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Bilgin Yüksel
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Oya Ercan
- İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Hatun
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Enver Şimşek
- Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Ökten
- Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Abacı
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Döneray
- Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Özbek
- Diyarbakır Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Keskin
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hasan Önal
- Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesibe Akyürek
- Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kezban Bulan
- Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Derya Tepe
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamdi Cihan Emeksiz
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Korcan Demir
- Dr. Behçet Uz Children Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kızılay
- Celal Bayar University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ali Kemal Topaloğlu
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Erdal Eren
- Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Samim Özen
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Demirbilek
- Diyarbakır Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Saygın Abalı
- Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Leyla Akın
- Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Beray Selver Eklioğlu
- Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sultan Kaba
- Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Van, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Anık
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serpil Baş
- Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tolga Ünüvar
- Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Sağlam
- Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Semih Bolu
- Düzce University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Tolga Özgen
- Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Durmuş Doğan
- Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Esra Deniz Çakır
- Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Şen
- Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nesibe Andıran
- Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
,
Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Çizmecioğlu
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Olcay Evliyaoğlu
- İstanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülay Karagüzel
- Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Özgür Pirgon
- Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Gönül Çatlı
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hatice Dilek Can
- Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Fatih Gürbüz
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Binay
- Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Veysel Nijat Baş
- Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Celal Sağlam
- Gülhane Military Medicine Academy, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Davut Gül
- Gülhane Military Medicine Academy, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adem Polat
- Gülhane Military Medicine Academy, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cengizhan Açıkel
- Gülhane Military Medicine Academy, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Peyami Cinaz
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|