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Münst S, Koch P, Kesavan J, Alexander-Mays M, Münst B, Blaess S, Brüstle O. In vitro segregation and isolation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest cells. Methods 2017; 133:65-80. [PMID: 29037816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient embryonic cell population with remarkable characteristics. After delaminating from the neural tube, NC cells (NCCs) migrate extensively, populate nearly every tissue of the body and differentiate into highly diverse cell types such as peripheral neurons and glia, but also mesenchymal cells including chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes. While the NC has been extensively studied in several animal models, little is known about human NC development. A number of methods have been established to derive NCCs in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC). Typically, these protocols comprise several cell culture steps to enrich for NCCs in the neural derivatives of the differentiating hPSCs. Here we report on a remarkable and hitherto unnoticed in vitro segregation phenomenon that enables direct extraction of virtually pure NCCs during the earliest stages of hPSC differentiation. Upon aggregation to embryoid bodies (EB) and replating, differentiating hPSCs give rise to a population of NCCs, which spontaneously segregate from the EB outgrowth to form conspicuous, macroscopically visible atoll-shaped clusters in the periphery of the EB outgrowth. Isolation of these NC clusters yields p75NTR(+)/SOXE(+) NCCs, which differentiate to peripheral neurons and glia as well as mesenchymal derivatives. Our data indicate that differentiating hPSC cultures recapitulate, in a simplified manner, the physical segregation of central nervous system (CNS) tissue and NCCs. This phenomenon may be exploited for NCC purification and for studying segregation and differentiation processes observed during early human NC development in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Münst
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jaideep Kesavan
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Alexander-Mays
- Institute of Human Genetics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernhard Münst
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Blaess
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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Oh Y, Zhang F, Wang Y, Lee EM, Choi IY, Lim H, Mirakhori F, Li R, Huang L, Xu T, Wu H, Li C, Qin CF, Wen Z, Wu QF, Tang H, Xu Z, Jin P, Song H, Ming GL, Lee G. Zika virus directly infects peripheral neurons and induces cell death. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:1209-1212. [PMID: 28758997 PMCID: PMC5575960 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV)-infection is associated with neurological disorders of both the central and peripheral nervous systems (PNS), yet few studies have directly examined PNS-infection. Here we show that intraperitoneally or intraventricularly-injected ZIKV in the mouse could infect and impact peripheral neurons in vivo. Moreover, ZIKV productively infects stem cell-derived human neural crest cells and peripheral neurons in vitro, leading to increased cell death, transcriptional dysregulation and cell-type specific molecular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Oh
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Feiran Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yaqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Emily M Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - In Young Choi
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hotae Lim
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fahimeh Mirakhori
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronghua Li
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Luoxiu Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tianlei Xu
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Cell Biology and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qing-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Parkinson's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Blackiston D, Adams DS, Lemire JM, Lobikin M, Levin M. Transmembrane potential of GlyCl-expressing instructor cells induces a neoplastic-like conversion of melanocytes via a serotonergic pathway. Dis Model Mech 2011; 4:67-85. [PMID: 20959630 PMCID: PMC3008964 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.005561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that coordinate stem cell behavior within the host is a high priority for developmental biology, regenerative medicine and oncology. Endogenous ion currents and voltage gradients function alongside biochemical cues during pattern formation and tumor suppression, but it is not known whether bioelectrical signals are involved in the control of stem cell progeny in vivo. We studied Xenopus laevis neural crest, an embryonic stem cell population that gives rise to many cell types, including melanocytes, and contributes to the morphogenesis of the face, heart and other complex structures. To investigate how depolarization of transmembrane potential of cells in the neural crest's environment influences its function in vivo, we manipulated the activity of the native glycine receptor chloride channel (GlyCl). Molecular-genetic depolarization of a sparse, widely distributed set of GlyCl-expressing cells non-cell-autonomously induces a neoplastic-like phenotype in melanocytes: they overproliferate, acquire an arborized cell shape and migrate inappropriately, colonizing numerous tissues in a metalloprotease-dependent fashion. A similar effect was observed in human melanocytes in culture. Depolarization of GlyCl-expressing cells induces these drastic changes in melanocyte behavior via a serotonin-transporter-dependent increase of extracellular serotonin (5-HT). These data reveal GlyCl as a molecular marker of a sparse and heretofore unknown cell population with the ability to specifically instruct neural crest derivatives, suggest transmembrane potential as a tractable signaling modality by which somatic cells can control stem cell behavior at considerable distance, identify a new biophysical aspect of the environment that confers a neoplastic-like phenotype upon stem cell progeny, reveal a pre-neural role for serotonin and its transporter, and suggest a novel strategy for manipulating stem cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Blackiston
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, and Biology Department, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dany S. Adams
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, and Biology Department, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Joan M. Lemire
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, and Biology Department, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Maria Lobikin
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, and Biology Department, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, and Biology Department, 200 Boston Avenue, Suite 4600, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Büchmann-Møller S, Miescher I, John N, Krishnan J, Deng CX, Sommer L. Multiple lineage-specific roles of Smad4 during neural crest development. Dev Biol 2009; 330:329-38. [PMID: 19361496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
During vertebrate development, neural crest cells are exposed to multiple extracellular cues that drive their differentiation into neural and non-neural cell lineages. Insights into the signals potentially involved in neural crest cell fate decisions in vivo have been gained by cell culture experiments that have allowed the identification of instructive growth factors promoting either proliferation of multipotent neural crest cells or acquisition of specific fates. For instance, members of the TGFbeta factor family induce neurogenesis and smooth muscle cell formation at the expense of other fates in culture. In vivo, conditional ablation of various TGFbeta signaling components resulted in malformations of non-neural derivatives of the neural crest, but it is unclear whether these phenotypes involved aberrant fate decisions. Moreover, it remains to be shown whether neuronal determination indeed requires TGFbeta factor activity in vivo. To address these issues, we conditionally deleted Smad4 in the neural crest, thus inactivating all canonical TGFbeta factor signaling. Surprisingly, neural crest cell fates were not affected in these mutants, with the exception of sensory neurogenesis in trigeminal ganglia. Rather, Smad4 regulates survival of smooth muscle and proliferation of autonomic and ENS neuronal progenitor cells. Thus, Smad signaling plays multiple, lineage-specific roles in vivo, many of which are elicited only after neural crest cell fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Büchmann-Møller
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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