1
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Sharrouf K, Schlosser C, Mildenberger S, Fluhrer R, Hoeppner S. In vitro cleavage of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) by Signal-Peptide-Peptidase-like 2b (SPPL2b) resembles mechanistic principles observed in the cellular context. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:111006. [PMID: 38636792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Members of the Signal Peptide-Peptidase (SPP) and Signal Peptide-Peptidase-like (SPPL) family are intramembrane aspartyl-proteases like their well-studied homologs, the presenilins, which comprise the catalytically active subunit within the γ-secretase complex. The lack of in vitro cleavage assays for SPPL proteases limited their biochemical characterization as well as substrate identification and validation. So far, SPPL proteases have been analyzed exclusively in intact cells or membranes, restricting mechanistic analysis to co-expression of enzyme and substrate variants colocalizing in the same subcellular compartments. We describe the details of developing an in vitro cleavage assay for SPPL2b and its model substrate TNFα and analyzed the influence of phospholipids, detergent supplements, and cholesterol on the SPPL2b in vitro activity. SPPL2b in vitro activity resembles mechanistic principles that have been observed in a cellular context, such as cleavage sites and consecutive turnover of the TNFα transmembrane domain. The novel in vitro cleavage assay is functional with separately isolated protease and substrate and amenable to a high throughput plate-based readout overcoming previous limitations and providing the basis for studying enzyme kinetics, catalytic activity, substrate recognition, and the characteristics of small molecule inhibitors. As a proof of concept, we present the first biochemical in vitro characterization of the SPPL2a and SPPL2b specific small molecule inhibitor SPL-707.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinda Sharrouf
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, D-86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christine Schlosser
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, D-86159, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Mildenberger
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, D-86159, Augsburg, Germany; Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie und Neurobiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, D-86159, Augsburg, Germany; University of Augsburg, Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, 86135, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoeppner
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, D-86159, Augsburg, Germany.
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2
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Maccioni R, Travisan C, Badman J, Zerial S, Wagener A, Andrade-Talavera Y, Picciau F, Grassi C, Chen G, Lemoine L, Fisahn A, Jiang R, Fluhrer R, Mentrup T, Schröder B, Nilsson P, Tambaro S. Signal peptide peptidase-like 2b modulates the amyloidogenic pathway and exhibits an Aβ-dependent expression in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 235:102585. [PMID: 38367747 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disorder driven by abnormal amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) levels. In this study, we investigated the role of presenilin-like signal peptide peptidase-like 2b (SPPL2b) in AD pathophysiology and its potential as a druggable target within the Aβ cascade. Exogenous Aβ42 influenced SPPL2b expression in human cell lines and acute mouse brain slices. SPPL2b and its AD-related substrate BRI2 were evaluated in the brains of AppNL-G-F knock-in AD mice and human postmortem AD brains. An early high cortical expression of SPPL2b was observed, followed by a downregulation in late AD pathology in AppNL-G-F mice, correlating with synaptic loss. To understand the consequences of pathophysiological SPPL2b dysregulation, we found that SPPL2b overexpression significantly increased APP cleavage, while genetic deletion reduced APP cleavage and Aβ production. Notably, postmortem AD brains showed higher levels of SPPL2b's BRI2 substrate compared to healthy control samples. These results strongly support the involvement of SPPL2b in AD pathology. The early Aβ-induced upregulation of SPPL2b may enhance Aβ production in a vicious cycle, further aggravating Aβ pathology. Therefore, SPPL2b emerges as a potential anti-Aβ drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Maccioni
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
| | - Caterina Travisan
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
| | - Jack Badman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden.
| | - Stefania Zerial
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden; Department of life science, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Annika Wagener
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69117 Germany.
| | - Yuniesky Andrade-Talavera
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden.
| | - Federico Picciau
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09042, Italy.
| | - Caterina Grassi
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Gefei Chen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 141 52, Sweden.
| | - Laetitia Lemoine
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 141 52, Sweden.
| | - André Fisahn
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden.
| | - Richeng Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86159, Germany.
| | - Torben Mentrup
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden.
| | - Simone Tambaro
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 64, Sweden.
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3
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Jongsma MLM, de Waard AA, Raaben M, Zhang T, Cabukusta B, Platzer R, Blomen VA, Xagara A, Verkerk T, Bliss S, Kong X, Gerke C, Janssen L, Stickel E, Holst S, Plomp R, Mulder A, Ferrone S, Claas FHJ, Heemskerk MHM, Griffioen M, Halenius A, Overkleeft H, Huppa JB, Wuhrer M, Brummelkamp TR, Neefjes J, Spaapen RM. The SPPL3-Defined Glycosphingolipid Repertoire Orchestrates HLA Class I-Mediated Immune Responses. Immunity 2021; 54:132-150.e9. [PMID: 33271119 PMCID: PMC8722104 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
HLA class I (HLA-I) glycoproteins drive immune responses by presenting antigens to cognate CD8+ T cells. This process is often hijacked by tumors and pathogens for immune evasion. Because options for restoring HLA-I antigen presentation are limited, we aimed to identify druggable HLA-I pathway targets. Using iterative genome-wide screens, we uncovered that the cell surface glycosphingolipid (GSL) repertoire determines effective HLA-I antigen presentation. We show that absence of the protease SPPL3 augmented B3GNT5 enzyme activity, resulting in upregulation of surface neolacto-series GSLs. These GSLs sterically impeded antibody and receptor interactions with HLA-I and diminished CD8+ T cell activation. Furthermore, a disturbed SPPL3-B3GNT5 pathway in glioma correlated with decreased patient survival. We show that the immunomodulatory effect could be reversed through GSL synthesis inhibition using clinically approved drugs. Overall, our study identifies a GSL signature that inhibits immune recognition and represents a potential therapeutic target in cancer, infection, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlieke L M Jongsma
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Antonius A de Waard
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Raaben
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Birol Cabukusta
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - René Platzer
- Institut für Hygiene und Angewandte Immunologie, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vincent A Blomen
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Xagara
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tamara Verkerk
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Bliss
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carolin Gerke
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lennert Janssen
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elmer Stickel
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Holst
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rosina Plomp
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arend Mulder
- Department of Immunology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Griffioen
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Halenius
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hermen Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes B Huppa
- Institut für Hygiene und Angewandte Immunologie, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolics, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Cancer Genomics Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robbert M Spaapen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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4
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Abstract
Membranes surrounding the biological cell and its internal compartments host proteins that catalyze chemical reactions essential for the functioning of the cell. Rather than being a passive structural matrix that holds membrane-embedded proteins in place, the membrane can largely shape the conformational energy landscape of membrane proteins and impact the energetics of their chemical reaction. Here, we highlight the challenges in understanding how lipids impact the conformational energy landscape of macromolecular membrane complexes whose functioning involves chemical reactions including proton transfer. We review here advances in our understanding of how chemical reactions occur at membrane interfaces gleaned with both theoretical and experimental advances using simple protein systems as guides. Our perspective is that of bridging experiments with theory to understand general physicochemical principles of membrane reactions, with a long term goal of furthering our understanding of the role of the lipids on the functioning of complex macromolecular assemblies at the membrane interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Nicoleta Bondar
- Freie Universität Berlin , Department of Physics, Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Group , Arnimallee 14 , D-14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- University of Alberta , Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2H7 , Canada
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5
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Ostalecki C, Lee JH, Dindorf J, Collenburg L, Schierer S, Simon B, Schliep S, Kremmer E, Schuler G, Baur AS. Multiepitope tissue analysis reveals SPPL3-mediated ADAM10 activation as a key step in the transformation of melanocytes. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/470/eaai8288. [PMID: 28292959 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aai8288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of cancer is characterized by the appearance of specific mutations, but these mutations are translated into proteins that must cooperate to induce malignant transformation. Using a systemic approach with the multiepitope ligand cartography (MELC) technology, we analyzed protein expression profiles (PEPs) in nevi and BRAFV600E-positive superficial spreading melanomas (SSMs) from patient tissues to identify key transformation events. The PEPs in nevi and SSMs differed predominantly in the abundance of specific antigens, but the PEPs of nevi- and melanoma-associated keratinocytes gradually changed during the transformation process. A stepwise change in PEP with similar properties occurred in keratinocytes cocultured with melanoma cells. Analysis of the individual steps indicated that activation of the metalloproteinase ADAM10 by signal peptide peptidase-like 3 (SPPL3) triggered by mutant BRAFV600E was a critical transformation event. SPPL3-mediated ADAM10 activation involved the translocation of SPPL3 and ADAM10 into Rab4- or Rab27-positive endosomal compartments. This endosomal translocation, and hence ADAM10 activation, was inhibited by the presence of the tumor suppressor PTEN. Our findings suggest that systematic tissue antigen analysis could complement whole-genome approaches to provide more insight into cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ostalecki
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Dindorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Collenburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schierer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Simon
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schliep
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Marchioninistraße 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas S Baur
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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6
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Hoffmann FS, Kuhn PH, Laurent SA, Hauck SM, Berer K, Wendlinger SA, Krumbholz M, Khademi M, Olsson T, Dreyling M, Pfister HW, Alexander T, Hiepe F, Kümpfel T, Crawford HC, Wekerle H, Hohlfeld R, Lichtenthaler SF, Meinl E. The immunoregulator soluble TACI is released by ADAM10 and reflects B cell activation in autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:542-52. [PMID: 25505277 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BAFF and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), which control B cell homeostasis, are therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. TACI-Fc (atacicept), a soluble fusion protein containing the extracellular domain of the BAFF-APRIL receptor TACI, was applied in clinical trials. However, disease activity in multiple sclerosis unexpectedly increased, whereas in systemic lupus erythematosus, atacicept was beneficial. In this study, we show that an endogenous soluble TACI (sTACI) exists in vivo. TACI proteolysis involved shedding by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 releasing sTACI from activated B cells. The membrane-bound stub was subsequently cleaved by γ-secretase reducing ligand-independent signaling of the remaining C-terminal fragment. The shed ectodomain assembled ligand independently in a homotypic way. It functioned as a decoy receptor inhibiting BAFF- and APRIL-mediated B cell survival and NF-κB activation. We determined sTACI levels in autoimmune diseases with established hyperactivation of the BAFF-APRIL system. sTACI levels were elevated both in the cerebrospinal fluid of the brain-restricted autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis correlating with intrathecal IgG production, as well as in the serum of the systemic autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus correlating with disease activity. Together, we show that TACI is sequentially processed by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 and γ-secretase. The released sTACI is an immunoregulator that shares decoy functions with atacicept. It reflects systemic and compartmentalized B cell accumulation and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska S Hoffmann
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Peer-Hendrik Kuhn
- Neuroproteomics, Technical University Munich and Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munich D-81675, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn D-53175, Germany; Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University, Munich D-85748, Germany
| | - Sarah A Laurent
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Kerstin Berer
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried D-82152, Germany
| | - Simone A Wendlinger
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Markus Krumbholz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 14186, Sweden
| | - Martin Dreyling
- Department of Medicine III, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Hans-Walter Pfister
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Tobias Alexander
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin D-10117, Germany
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin D-10117, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224; and
| | - Hartmut Wekerle
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried D-82152, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich D-81377, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- Neuroproteomics, Technical University Munich and Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munich D-81675, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn D-53175, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich D-81377, Germany;
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7
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Abstract
Type IV pili (T4P) are surface-exposed fibers that mediate many functions in bacteria, including locomotion, adherence to host cells, DNA uptake (competence), and protein secretion and that can act as nanowires carrying electric current. T4P are composed of a polymerized protein, pilin, and their assembly apparatuses share protein homologs with type II secretion systems in eubacteria and the flagella of archaea. T4P are found throughout Gram-negative bacterial families and have been studied most extensively in certain model Gram-negative species. Recently, it was discovered that T4P systems are also widespread among Gram-positive species, in particular the clostridia. Since Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have many differences in cell wall architecture and other features, it is remarkable how similar the T4P core proteins are between these organisms, yet there are many key and interesting differences to be found as well. In this review, we compare the two T4P systems and identify and discuss the features they have in common and where they differ to provide a very broad-based view of T4P systems across all eubacterial species.
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8
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Imamura Y, Umezawa N, Osawa S, Shimada N, Higo T, Yokoshima S, Fukuyama T, Iwatsubo T, Kato N, Tomita T, Higuchi T. Effect of Helical Conformation and Side Chain Structure on γ-Secretase Inhibition by β-Peptide Foldamers: Insight into Substrate Recognition. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1443-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301306c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Imamura
- Department of Bioorganic-Inorganic
Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku,
Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Umezawa
- Department of Bioorganic-Inorganic
Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku,
Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoko Osawa
- Department
of Neuropathology
and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Naoaki Shimada
- Department of Synthetic
Natural
Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Takuya Higo
- Department of Synthetic
Natural
Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoshima
- Department of Synthetic
Natural
Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Department of Synthetic
Natural
Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Department
of Neuropathology
and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo,
Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropathology,
Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuki Kato
- Department of Bioorganic-Inorganic
Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku,
Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Department
of Neuropathology
and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo,
Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Higuchi
- Department of Bioorganic-Inorganic
Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku,
Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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9
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Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes belonging to the A Disintegin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM) family are able to cleave transmembrane proteins close to the cell surface, in a process referred to as ectodomain shedding. Substrates for ADAMs include growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules, and, as such, many ADAM proteins play crucial roles in cell-cell adhesion, extracellular and intracellular signaling, cell differentiation and cell proliferation. In this Review, we summarize the fascinating roles of ADAMs in embryonic and adult tissue development in both vertebrates and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Weber
- Heart Research Centre Göttingen, Universitaetsmedizin Göttingen, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Molecular insights into mechanisms of intramembrane proteolysis through signal peptide peptidase (SPP). Biochem J 2010; 427:e1-3. [PMID: 20388122 DOI: 10.1042/bj20100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The processing of membrane-anchored signalling molecules and transcription factors by RIP (regulated intramembrane proteolysis) is a major signalling paradigm in eukaryotic cells. Intramembrane cleaving proteases liberate fragments from membrane-bound precursor proteins which typically fulfil functions such as cell signalling and regulation, immunosurveillance and intercellular communication. Furthermore, they are thought to be involved in the development and propagation of several diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and hepatitis C virus infection. In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Schrul and colleagues investigate the interaction of the endoplasmic reticulum-resident intramembrane cleaving SPP (signal peptide peptidase) with different type II oriented transmembrane proteins. A combination of co-immunoprecipitation experiments using wild-type and a dominant-negative SPP with electrophoretic protein separations under native conditions revealed selectivity of the interaction. Depending on the interacting protein, SPP formed complexes of different sizes. SPP could build tight interactions not only with signal peptides, but also with pre- and mis-folded proteins. Whereas signal peptides are direct substrates for SPP proteolysis, the study suggests that SPP may be involved in the controlled sequestration of possibly toxic membrane protein species in a proteolysis-independent manner. These large oligomeric membrane protein aggregates may then be degraded by the proteasome or autophagy.
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Urban S. Making the cut: central roles of intramembrane proteolysis in pathogenic microorganisms. Nat Rev Microbiol 2009; 7:411-23. [PMID: 19421188 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis in cellular membranes to liberate effector domains from their transmembrane anchors is a well-studied regulatory mechanism in animal biology and disease. By contrast, the function of intramembrane proteases in unicellular organisms has received little attention. Recent progress has now established that intramembrane proteases execute pivotal roles in a range of pathogens, from regulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis envelope composition, cholera toxin production, bacterial adherence and conjugation, to malaria parasite invasion, fungal virulence, immune evasion by parasitic amoebae and hepatitis C virus assembly. These advances raise the exciting possibility that intramembrane proteases may serve as targets for combating a wide range of infectious diseases. This Review focuses on summarizing the advances, evaluating the limitations and highlighting the promise of this newly emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Urban
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Imamura Y, Watanabe N, Umezawa N, Iwatsubo T, Kato N, Tomita T, Higuchi T. Inhibition of γ-Secretase Activity by Helical β-Peptide Foldamers. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:7353-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9001458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Imamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033
| | - Naoto Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033
| | - Naoki Umezawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033
| | - Nobuki Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033
| | - Tsunehiko Higuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Corporation, and Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033
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Reiss K, Saftig P. The "a disintegrin and metalloprotease" (ADAM) family of sheddases: physiological and cellular functions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2008; 20:126-37. [PMID: 19049889 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There is an exciting increase of evidence that members of the disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) family critically regulate cell adhesion, migration, development and signalling. ADAMs are involved in "ectodomain shedding" of various cell surface proteins such as growth factors, receptors and their ligands, cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules. The regulation of these proteases is complex and still poorly understood. Studies in ADAM knockout mice revealed their partially redundant roles in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tissue development and cancer. ADAMs usually trigger the first step in regulated intramembrane proteolysis leading to activation of intracellular signalling pathways and the release of functional soluble ectodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Reiss
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrecht-University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.
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Fluhrer R, Fukumori A, Martin L, Grammer G, Haug-Kröper M, Klier B, Winkler E, Kremmer E, Condron MM, Teplow DB, Steiner H, Haass C. Intramembrane proteolysis of GXGD-type aspartyl proteases is slowed by a familial Alzheimer disease-like mutation. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:30121-8. [PMID: 18768471 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 150 familial Alzheimer disease (FAD)-associated missense mutations in presenilins (PS1 and PS2), the catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, cause aberrant amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) production, by increasing the relative production of the highly amyloidogenic 42-amino acid variant. The molecular mechanism behind this pathological activity is unclear, and different possibilities ranging from a gain of function to a loss of function have been discussed. gamma-Secretase, signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and SPP-like proteases (SPPLs) belong to the same family of GXGD-type intramembrane cleaving aspartyl proteases and share several functional similarities. We have introduced the FAD-associated PS1 G384A mutation, which occurs within the highly conserved GXGD motif of PS1 right next to the catalytically critical aspartate residue, into the corresponding GXGD motif of the signal peptide peptidase-like 2b (SPPL2b). Compared with wild-type SPPL2b, mutant SPPL2b slowed intramembrane proteolysis of tumor necrosis factor alpha and caused a relative increase of longer intracellular cleavage products. Because the N termini of the secreted counterparts remain unchanged, the mutation selectively affects the liberation of the intracellular processing products. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the apparent accumulation of longer intracellular cleavage products is the result of slowed sequential intramembrane cleavage. The longer cleavage products are still converted to shorter peptides, however only after prolonged incubation time. This suggests that FAD-associated PS mutation may also result in reduced intramembrane cleavage of beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP). Indeed, in vitro experiments demonstrate slowed intramembrane proteolysis by gamma-secretase containing PS1 with the G384A mutation. As compared with wild-type PS1, the mutation selectively slowed Abeta40 production, whereas Abeta42 generation remained unaffected. Thus, the PS1 G384A mutation causes a selective loss of function by slowing the processing pathway leading to the benign Abeta40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Fluhrer
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich and Adolf-Butenandt-Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich 80336, Germany
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Urban S, Baker RP. In vivoanalysis reveals substrate-gating mutants of a rhomboid intramembrane protease display increased activity in living cells. Biol Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2008.122_bchm.just-accepted] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Urban S, Baker RP. In vivo analysis reveals substrate-gating mutants of a rhomboid intramembrane protease display increased activity in living cells. Biol Chem 2008; 389:1107-15. [PMID: 18979634 PMCID: PMC2678756 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2008.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Intramembrane proteases hydrolyze peptide bonds within cell membranes. Recent crystal structures revealed that rhomboid intramembrane proteases contain a hydrated active site that opens to the outside of the cell, but is protected laterally from membrane lipids by protein segments. Using Escherichia coli rhomboid (GlpG) structures as a guide, we previously took a mutational approach to identify the GlpG gating mechanism that allows substrates to enter the active site laterally from the membrane. Mutations that weaken contacts keeping the gate closed increase enzyme activity and implicate transmembrane segment 5 as the substrate gate. Since these analyses were performed in vitro with pure proteins in detergent micelles, we have now examined GlpG in its natural environment, within the membrane of live E. coli cells. In striking congruity with in vitro analysis, gate-opening mutants in transmembrane segment 5 display up to a 10-fold increase in protease activity in living cells. Conversely, mutations in other parts of the protease, including the membrane-inserted L1 loop previously thought to be the gate, decrease enzyme activity. These observations provide evidence for the existence of both closed and open forms of GlpG in cells, and show that inter-conversion between them via substrate gating is rate limiting physiologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Urban
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 507 PCTB, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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